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Renewable Energies in Spain
Development & Challenges
Tokyo, 26th February 2013
Renewables
Life Energy.
s u m m a r y
1. Renewables in Spain
2. Driving European Framework
3. Current Developments and Technical Challenges
Wind, Solar PV, Solar Thermal, Biomass & Grid Integration
1. Renewables in Spain
Energy Dependency - UE27 2007/2008 – Part of the Problem
1. Renewables in Spain
Source: EUROSTAT (2007) / MICyT (2008)
Abundant and Distributed Solar and Wind Resources
1. Renewables in Spain
atlaseolico.idae.es re.jrc.ec.europa.eu
Dynamic Evolution of the Energy Matrix – Part of the Solution
1. Renewables in Spain
Source: IDAE/MITYC
.
Decreasing Emissions !
44.107 MW – Maximum Electricity Demand 2011: 24 Jan (19h-20h)
Total Installed Capacity> 100 GW, Total Electricity Generation> 300TWh
Renewable Energy Mix > 31% (Annual Average)
Instantaneous Wind Power Penetration > 59% (7 Feb 2013)
Increasingly significant and high Performance Contribution to the Energy Mix
1. Renewables in Spain
Source: REE
.
Typical Energy Mix Renewable Energy Share Evolution
Envisaged Cross-Over , Renewables Cost Competitiveness is in the Horizon
1. Renewables in Spain
Source: IDAE
Renewable Energy Plan (PER) 2011-2020 - Outlook for the Electric Sector
1. Renewables in Spain
2010 2020
MW GWh MW GWh
Hidroeléctrica (sin bombeo) 13.226 42.215 13.861 33.140
< 1 MW (sin bombeo) 242 802 268 843
1 MW -10MW (sin bombeo) 1.680 5.432 1.917 5.749
> 10 MW (sin bombeo) 11.304 35.981 11.676 26.548
por bombeo 5.347 3.106 8.811 8.457
Geotérmica 0 0 50 300
Solar fotovoltaica 3.787 6.279 7.250 12.356
Solar termoeléctrica 632 691 4.800 14.379
Energía hidrocinética, del
oleaje, mareomotriz0 0 100 220
Eólica en tierra 20.744 43.708 35.000 71.640
Eólica marina 0 0 750 1.845
Biomasa, RSU,, Biogás 825 4.228 1.950 12.200
Biomasa Sólida 533 2.820 1.350 8.100
RSU 115 663 200 1.500
Biogás 177 745 400 2.600
TOTALES(sin bombeo)
39.214 97.121 63.761 146.080
Source: IDAE/MITYC
.
Economic Crisis & Changing Regulations – Renewables in the Doldrums
1. Renewables in Spain
Factors affecting the current Paralysis in Renewable Generation Growth
1.- Lack of Finance for Capital intensive Power Plants
2.- Reduced Demand and overabundant Capacity
3.- “Retroactive” PV Incentives - RD14/2010 – In Arbitration
4.- Moratorium on Renewable Incentives - RD1/2012
5.- New 6% Generation TAX (2013)
6.- “Retroactive” Pricing Conditions – Imposed new Tariffs (2013)
7.- Blocked Net Energy Balance Regulation – PV
8.- Finance of outstanding Electricity System Deficit
Priority of Access to the Grid still could be a significant advantage of Renewables to
compete in the Market Pool.
2. Driving European
Framework
Directives
2. Driving European Framework
Clear
Objectives
2009/28/EC Directive suporting Renewable Energy Development.
(Conceives renewables as integral part of the energy mix for
electricity generation, transport, heating and refrigeration)
Integration of renewables in building and city planning is also a
priority.
Compulsory Objectives:
20% of the total energy consumption and
10% in transport should come from renewables by 2020.
National Renewable Energy Plans should be aligned with the
objectives
Strict Follow-up defined ( min% required 2012-2014-2016-2018)
SET PLAN – Renewable Energy Technology Development Roadmap
2. Driving European Framework
Renewable
Energy
Technology
Development
Support
Decisive move towards a fundamental change of the Energy Model
of the EU.
Renewable Energy Budget in the SET PLAN > 31.000 M€ plus
additional 10.000M€ for Smart Cities.
Opens opportunities for R&D, investment, job creation and regional
development.
TABLA: Cost estimates of the proposedSET-Plan EIIs and the Smart Cities Iniciative
European industrial Initiatives Total (b€)
Wind Energy 6
Solar Energy (PV & CSP) 16
Bioenergy 9
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) 10.5-16.5
Electricity grid 2
Sustainable Nuclear Energy 5-10
Smart Cities 10-12
TOTAL 58.5-71.5
SET PLAN – Technical Development Priorities
2. Driving European Framework
Design, modeling and characterization of systems and components
Novel tower systems concepts
Development of new testing methods for components certification
Laboratory testing of small to mid-size components and "on the field" testing
Energy Efficiency in Buildings
Thermal energy storage
Renewable energy integration in the build environment
Lighting efficiency strategies
Design and Optimizing of Components.
Blades (structure and aerodynamics).
Drive Train (modeling and simulation).
New Control Strategies.
Development of advanced CFD codes and models for offshore and complex terrain.
Development and optimization of Thermochemical applications on Biomass:
Solid Bioenergy Carriers by means of Torrefaction
Gasification and Gas cleaning processes
Development of Lignocellulosic Pretreatment process for bioalcohols production
Development and optimization of extraction and valorization processes for Microalgae
Development of methodology for testing Concentration Photovoltaics (CPV)
Materials and components reliability and CPV plants simulation
Development of elements for Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV)
Innovation on wafer based crystalline silicon PV cells and organic cells (OPV).
Microgrids and smart grids development
Electric protection and Control systems.
Design, characterization and model develpment of energy storage systems.
Aligned Strategic Lines of Research
2. Driving European Framework
2. Driving European Framework
Coherent Electrical Capacity Building Evolution - Europe 2010
2. Driving European Framework
Source: REN 21. Renewables status report 2012
Fast Catching Up – Rest of the World 2012
3. Developments
& Technical Challenges
3.1 Developments and Technical Challenges
Wind Energy
World Wind Energy
Source: REN 21 2012 status report
3. 1 Developments and Technical Challenges
1.4152.365
3.530
5.026
6.169
8.460
10.011
11.586
15.104
16.689
19.149
0
2.000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
12.000
14.000
16.000
18.000
20.000
22.000
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
MW
Fuente: IDAE, CNE y AEE
Plan de Fomento de las ERs 1999: 8.974 MW
Plan de Energías Renovables 2005-2010:
20.155 MW
Plan de Infraestructuras 2002:
13.000 MW
20.155 MW
Source: IDAE, CNE and AEE
Year
2005-2010 RES
Plan
22.166 MW
2002 Infrastructures
Plan
13000 MW
1999 RES Promotion
Plan
8974 MW
2010: 20,676 MW
2Q 2011: 21,150 MW (482 MW)
20,676
Spain Wind Energy
3. Developments and Technical Challenges
Source: AEE
Spain Wind Energy - Rich Ecosystem of Developers and WT Manufacturers
3.1 Developments and Technical Challenges
Source AEE
Evaluation
And
Forecasting
Of
Wind
Resources
CFD Tools for advanced wake effects and complex terrain
simulations.
Multilayer GIS integrated windmaps
Remote telemetry systems:
SODAR, LIDAR, Intelligent Sequencial Image Processing
High Resolution Meteorological Models to account for local effects
Sistematic Error Elimination with Statistical Methods
Model combinations and Aggregate Performances
Research for Competitive Development
3.1 Developments and Technical Challenges
Wind
Turbine
Technology
Develoments
High performance Specific Aerodynamic Airfoils for WT Blades.
Intelligent Blades (stress, damage, icing).
Integrated design tools for offshore Wind Turbines.
Deep Water Floating Concepts.
Applications for side concepts: 2 blades, vertical WT, downwind.
Control Strategies for maximising production and minimising loads
New Materials and Automatic Manufacturing Processes .
Research for Competitive Manufacturing
3.1 Developments and Technical Challenges
Testing
and
Validation
Validation of new sensors and of software simulations.
Development of efficient cross related methodologies for testing of
Systems, Subsystems and Components
Integrated laboratory facilities.
Compressed and Highly Accelerated Life Testing
Contribution to Standards and Inspection procedures Development.
Integral Prototype Development for Low Cost of Energy and High Reliability
3. Developments and Technical Challenges
Photovoltaic Solar Energy
3.2 Current Developments and Technical Challenges
• A recent study of Germany’s Institute for Future
Energy Systems (IZES), has found that, on average,
solar power has reduced the price of electricity 10% in
Germany (on the EPEX exchange. I thas reduced
prices up to 40% in the early afternoon, when
electricity demand is peaking and electricity typically
costs the most.
Customers should not pay more! !!
• This effect is complemented by wind that blows at
both sides of the sun distribution.
• Similar studies and results have been also verified in
Spain making more relative the high costs of PV
subsidies.
Solar Technologies – The Merit of Order Effect
3.2 Developments and Technical Challenges
Solar Photovoltaic. Accumulated Capacity in Europe
3.2 Developments and Technical Challenges
Source: Global market report EPIA
World 69684 MW
Low Silicon Usage – Thin film, Concentration Cells.
Silicon Alternatives – Organic Cells
Manufacturing Process improvements for Higher
Efficiency and Lower Costs of Cristaline Silicon
The global PV market will grow more sustainably,
driven by the competitiveness of PV solutions rather
than mainly by financial support schemes.
Grid Parity and Net Balance - OPPORTUNITY
Solar Photovoltaic - Competitive Global Scenario
3.2 Developments and Technical Challenges
3.3 Developments and Technical Challenges
Solar Thermal
Solar Thermal Plants in Spain
3.3 Developments and Technical Challenges
Matching of the Electricity Demand Curve
Construction Targets
Solar Thermal - Linear and 3D Concentrators
3.3 Developments and Technical Challenges
Parabolic Trough Fresnel
Parabolic Dishes Tower Receptors
Key Research Technical Alignment in Spain
Scientific facilities PSA , CIEMAT,
Technology Centers CENER, CTAER, TEKNIKER
Universities Seville, Carlos III, Almeria
3.3 Developments and Technical Challenges
Solar Thermal – Matching of the Demand Curve
Biomass
3.4 Developments and Technical Challenges
Biomass & 2nd Generation Biofuels Objectives
Increased Variety of Raw Materials Lignocelulosic Residues.
Target CO2 Balance up to 80 – 90% (Ultra Low Emissións Plants)
Exploration of improved Thermal and Biochemical Paths
(Torrefaction Pretreatment, Supercritical Gasification, BioCathalysis)
Hybridation with other renewables through electrolitic Hydrogen
Integration of Biorefinery processes that may allow the creation of
other chemical products of high added value, specially for Transport
applications.
3.4 Developments and Technical Challenges
Renewable Energy Grid in Integration 3.5 Developments and Technical Challenges
MICROGRIDS – Optimised Electrical Systems
Displament of Conventional Generation by Renewables
requires dynamically balanced Systems
Payments for Standby Thermal Capacity and Load
Regulation become necessary, but Smart Meters and
Microgrid Integration might represent a better and more
competitive alternative solution.
Microgrids are basically self-contained electrical systems.
Power is produced, transmitted, consumed, monitored, and
managed at a local scale.
They can be coupled to the main grids, but when necessary
they can operate independently, disconnected from the
whole thanks to their storage or conventional backup
generation.
3.5 Developments and Technical Challenges
MICROGRIDS – Electrical Storage Experimental Platforms
3.5 Developments and Technical Challenges
MICROGRIDS – Flexible architectures for seamless Integration of Energy Technologies
3.5 Developments and Technical Challenges
www.cener.com
Javier San Miguel Armendáriz
Strategy & Business Development
Manager
Tel: +34 648 272625
