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4THASEP Convention on Concrete EngineeringPractice and Technology (a.concept 2014)May 22 24, 2014Century Park HotelMalate, Manila

GINA ANDAS DE GUZMAN, D. Eng.Notre Dame of Dadiangas UniversityGeneral Santos City

DEVELOPMENTANDAPPLICATIONOF

CONCRETEEPSSANDWICHEDBLOCKS

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DETAILS OF A SANDWICH BLOCK

C O N C E P T U A L

F R A M E W O R K

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INPUT

Properties of Aggregates;Length, Width, and Thickness of Sandwich

Specimens;Material Properties

(EPS Core, Concrete, Reinforcing Bars);

Failure Load

PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL WORKDetermination of the Optimum

Cement-Sand-Gravel Volume Ratio28 days curing

ACTUAL EXPERIMENT and FEM SIMULATIONSTesting of the Hollow and Sandwich Block Specimens

in Compression and Flexure

STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONSTesting of the Prototype Masonry Prisms in Compression

DETERMINATION OF FAILURE MODESVisual Inspection, Crack Analysis

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OUTPUT

Compressive and Flexural Strengths ofSandwich Blocks;

Compressive Strength of the Three-UnitMasonry Prisms;

Classification of Sandwich Specimens;Failure Modes and Crack Patterns;

Strain Distribution;Proposed Equations for the

Ultimate Strength of SandwichBlocks and Masonry Prisms

METHODOLOGY

- Preparation of Aggregates

- Determination of the Optimum Cement-Sand-Gravel Ratio

- Fabrication of Sandwich Blocks and Masonry Prisms

- Installation of Strain Gauges

- Compressive and Flexural Testing of Sandwich

Specimens (UTM)

- FEM Simulation (Solidworks 2012)

- Modification of the ACI Empirical Equation (RC Walls)

- Acceptability of Concrete EPS-Sandwiched Blocks

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R E S U L T Sfrom the

A C T U A L

E X P E R I M E N T

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S I M U L A T I O N

R E S U L T S

(SOLIDWORKS 2012)

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SW Blocks subjected to Compressive Test

ModeledPrisms

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E X P E R I M E N Tversus

S I M U L A T I O N

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

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18

20

50 mm core 40 mm core 30 mm core

fc(MPa)

Compressive Strengths of Sandwich Blocks

Experiment

Simuation

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0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

50 mm Core 40 mm Core 30 mm Core

fc(MPa)

Compressive Strengths of Masonry Prisms(SWB)

Experiment

Simulation

C R A C K

A N A L Y S E S(a visual inspection on crack

patterns during ACTUAL TESTING)

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2

32155.0

t

kHAfP gcuu

2

32150.0

t

kHfAfAAPu EPSEPScuEPSg

EPSEPScuEPSg fAfAAPu 14.1

ACI 318-08 EQUATION:

PROPOSED EQUATIONS:

SANDWICH BLOCKS:

MASONRY PRISMS:

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Comparison of Pu - Values

Cost Analysis

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Weight Analysis

CONCLUSIONS

1. The results of the FEM and theoretical analysis correlatedwell with the experimental results, except for a significantincrease in the ultimate strength of the modeled prisms.

2. Results obtained from the experiment and finite elementanalyses showed that sandwich blocks can be modified so as

to produce a load-bearing wall.3. The application of the FEM modeling using SolidWorks

2012 is able to predict the strength capacity of the sandwichblocks and masonry prisms within acceptable accuracy.

4. Reinforcements play a vital role in replenishing thedeficiency of concrete in flexural strength.

5. The thickness of the core of the sandwich blocks is inverselyproportional with its compressive strength.

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RECOMMENDATIONS

It is highly recommended that future similar studies beconducted considering the following: Use lightweight concrete so as to further reduce the self-weight

of the sandwich block specimen. Use wire mesh as reinforcements. Verify the insulating properties of the EPS. Vary the arrangements of concrete blocks in the prism

specimens so as to investigate any possible differences in thebehavior of the specimen during compressive testing.

Increase the number of strain gauges attached to thespecimens so as to have a more detailed surface straindistribution results.

Fabricate prism specimens with varying mortar mixture so asto note the difference in its behavior during compressivetesting.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Used EPS sheets (waste Styrofoam Sheets) may beused as the core as it only serves as a spacer andinsulator and more importantly, to lessen the cost inthe fabrication of the sandwich blocks.

Establish a different mode of connection between thesandwich block specimens in a prism and compareresults.

Aside from the vertical direction in applying thecompressive load, consider other directions such ashorizontal and diagonal.

Increase the number of specimens in the actualexperiment to improve the empirical equations on theultimate strength of Sandwich Blocks and MasonryPrisms.

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T H A N K

Y O U ..!