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1
DEVELOPMENT AND
IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW
ARCHITECTURE FOR ROBUST SDU
WITH SDR FOR AIRBORNE NETWORK
Joe Zambrano, Eric Zhang, Omar Yeste, René Jr. Landry and
Victor Gheorghian
DASC 2016September 27, 2016
COM 2 AAvionics Communications Infrastructure
2016 IEEE/AIAA 35th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC)
Agenda
1.Introduction
2.Background
3.Scenario and architecture
4.Implementation
5.Results
6.ConclusionDASC 2016 Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network 2
1. Introduction
Context of the Work
3DASC 2016 Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network
AVIO-505 Project
• “Software defined radios for highly integrated system architecture”
• Objectives:
– Integration of navigation, communication and
surveillance systems under a single universal
reconfigurable platform
– Demonstrate the capabilities and performance
of SDR in aerospace
– Address new regulatory initiatives (NextGen)
• Partners:
– Academic: ETS, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, UQAM
– Industrial: Bombardier, MDA, Marinvent Corporation
1. Introduction
Motivation
4Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network
• Need of high data rate and low latency.
• New architectures for high QoE
• Flexible development.
• Low cost implementation, configuration and
maintenance.
• Takes into account the increase in air traffic.
• Takes advantage of reduced distances between A/Cs.
• Introduce Airborne Network in civil aviation.
DASC 2016
1. Introduction
Objective
5DASC 2016 Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network
• To develop and implement a new architecture for robust Satellite Data Unit
with Software Defined Radio for Airborne Network.
A/A
A/G
A/S
S/G
GS GS
A/G
A/G
A/G
A/SA/S
A/S
S/G
A/A
A/A
A/A A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/AA/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
Space Segment
Air Segment
Terrestrial Segment
Airborne Network
Links
A/G: Air-to-Ground
A/S: Air-to-Space
S/G : Space-to-Ground
A/A: Air-to-Air
GS: Ground Station
6
2. Background
Satellite Data Unit (SDU)
• Typical SAA consists of an ARINC 781/791 SDU
• All SatCom signals are treated by the SDU
• SDU is an essential part of an A/C's SatCom system
SatCom Avionic Architecture (SAA)
DASC 2016 Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network
SDU
RFU
HPA
2. Background
Proposed Airborne Network
7DASC 2016 Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/A
A/G
A/S
A/S
S/G
Space Segment
Air Segment
Terrestrial Segment
Coverage
Area
GS GS
2. Background
Line-of-sight (LOS) between two A/C
8DASC 2016 Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network
We will assume 𝐴𝑙𝑡1 = 𝐴𝑙𝑡2 = 𝐴𝑙𝑡 and 𝑑1 = 𝑑2 = 𝑑, then:
𝒅𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟐𝒅 = 𝟐 𝑹+ 𝑨𝒍𝒕 𝟐 − 𝑹𝟐
If we consider, for both A/Cs, an average altitude of 10.67 𝐾𝑚
𝒅𝒎𝒂𝒙 ≈ 𝟕𝟒𝟏 𝑲𝒎.
SDU irradiating an approx. radius (𝑅𝑡 = 𝑑1) of 370 𝐾𝑚 in
omnidirectional form.
PTxGRx
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 4500
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
X: 369.4
Y: 10.7
Maximum horizontal range Vs. altitude
Horizontal range for Tx and Rx (Km)
Altitude (
Km
)
X: 327.3
Y: 8.4
X: 399.3
Y: 12.5
FL410
FL350
FL290
2. Background
Line-of-sight (LOS) between two A/C
Rt ≈ 370 Km @ FL350
• Montreal - Paris (about 5500 km), it would be enough 8
A/Cs to cover avionic and passenger communications in
this airspace without using a satellite channel.
9
Montreal Paris
Rt
A/A
A/AA/A
A/AA/A
A/AA/A
A/GA/G
AN through of transatlantic flight Montreal-Paris
DASC 2016 Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network
3. Scenarios and architecture
Scenario Simulation of AN model
2 GSs (6000 km).
GS communication range of 440 km (~ 240 nmi).
Width area of 2500 km
Absolute ceiling of 13.7 Km (FL450).
GEO satellite at 36000 km
Flight density: 40 - 800 A/Cs. (NATS Dec 2015 : ~25000 A/Cs in 24h)
10DASC 2016 Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network
01000 2000
3000 40005000 6000
1249
1249.5
1250
1250.5
12510
2
4
x 104
Distance (Km)
Scenario Simulation of Airborne Network
Distance (Km)
Alti
tude
(K
m)
3. Scenarios and architecture
Scenario Simulation of AN model
Airborne Network connections
for 25 A/Cs 2D view
Airborne Network connections
for 25 A/Cs 3D view
11DASC 2016 Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 60000
1000
2000
3000A/A (black) and A/G (magenta) links 2D
Distance (Km)
Dis
tance (
Km
)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 60000
1000
2000
3000A/S links 2D
Distance (Km)
Dis
tance (
Km
)
02000
40006000
01000
20003000
0
10
20
Distance (Km)
A/A (black) and A/G (magenta) links 3D
Distance (Km)
Altitude (
Km
)
02000
40006000
01000
20003000
0
2
4
x 104
Distance (Km)
A/S (blue) and A/S decisional (red) links 3D
Distance (Km)
Altitude (
Km
)
02000
40006000
01000
20003000
0
10
20
Distance (Km)
A/A (black), A/G (magenta) links 3D and Tx/Rx range (Cyan)
Distance (Km)
Altitude (
Km
)
02000
40006000
01000
20003000
0
2
4
x 104
Distance (Km)
A/S (blue) and A/S decisional (red) links 3D
Distance (Km)
Altitude (
Km
)
A/S links : 84.00 %
A/S decisional links : 24.00 %
SatCom links : 60.00 %
A/S links : 84.00 %
A/S decisional links : 24.00 %
SatCom links : 60.00 %
12
3. Scenarios and architecture
Scenario Simulation of AN model
Airborne Network connections
for 50 A/Cs 2D view
Airborne Network connections
for 100 A/Cs 2D view
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 60000
1000
2000
3000A/A (black) and A/G (magenta) links 2D
Distance (Km)
Dis
tance (
Km
)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 60000
1000
2000
3000A/S links 2D
Distance (Km)
Dis
tance (
Km
)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 60000
1000
2000
3000A/A (black) and A/G (magenta) links 2D
Distance (Km)
Dis
tance (
Km
)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 60000
1000
2000
3000A/S links 2D
Distance (Km)
Dis
tance (
Km
)
DASC 2016 Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network
A/S links : 88.00 %
A/S decisional links : 44.00 %
SatCom links : 44.00 %
A/S links : 89.00 %
A/S decisional links : 66.00 %
SatCom links : 23.00 %
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 60000
1000
2000
3000A/A (black) and A/G (magenta) links 2D
Distance (Km)
Dis
tance (
Km
)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 60000
1000
2000
3000A/S links 2D
Distance (Km)
Dis
tance (
Km
)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 60000
1000
2000
3000A/A (black) and A/G (magenta) links 2D
Distance (Km)
Dis
tance (
Km
)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 60000
1000
2000
3000A/S links 2D
Distance (Km)
Dis
tance (
Km
)
13
3. Scenarios and architecture
Scenario Simulation of AN model
Airborne Network connections
for 200 A/Cs 2D view
Airborne Network connections
for 400 A/Cs 2D view
DASC 2016 Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network
A/S links : 91.50 %
A/S decisional links : 78.50 %
SatCom links : 13.00 %
A/S links : 87.50 %
A/S decisional links : 89.00 %
SatCom links : -1.50 %
3. Scenarios and architecture
Simulation model results
14
Number of Quantity
A/C 50 100 200 400
A/G links with GS1 2.559 5.201 10.205 20.565
A/G links with GS2 2.469 5.251 10.376 20.381
A/A links 32.103 130.483 520.956 2087.103
A/S links 44.972 89.548 179.417 359.054
A/S decisional links 21.829 63.937 160.724 360.163
SatCom links 23.143 25.611 18.693 -1.109
Mean value of the number of links vs. Number of A/Cs
DASC 2016 Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network
Airborne Network is a promising solution
3. Scenarios and architecture
Simulation model results
15DASC 2016 Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
X: 241.8
Y: 5.009e-05
Number of A/Cs in the AN
Num
ber
of
links
X: 245.8
Y: 214.4
A/S links
A/S decisional links
SatCom links
3. Scenarios and architecture
Proposed Architecture
• 4 modules:
– QSPMM: QoS Policy Monitor Module
– A/G routing module
– DML: Decisional Module of Links
– AMM: Adaptive Modulation Module
16
Analog signal
ARINC 429/781
Ethernet iEEE802.3
RFU
HF/HFDL
VHF Voice
VHF
Datalink
VHF
VHF
HF
Wireless access
IFE head end
Non-Safety
Communications
FMS
MCDU
CMU/
ACARS
IRS
VoIP Server
Tunnel Server
AMS
Safety
Communications
ADS-B
ADS-C
A/G (A/S – A/A)
routing module
MQSPM
DCA /ADC
SDR
HPA
DML
AMM BSU
DLNA
Modular SDU architecture
DASC 2016 Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network
SDU
4. Implementation
Lab bench configuration
17
S/G
Space Segment
Air Segment
A/S
GS
Terrestrial Segment
A/GA/A
A/C1
A/C2
• 4 USRP N210 with WBX daughterboards
• WBX: 40 MHz of bandwidth capability and frequency range: 50 MHz to 2.2 GHz)
DASC 2016 Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network
4. Implementation
Adaptive Modulation Module
• AMM implemented in the SDU chooses the most suitable
modulation among differentially encoded:
–BPSK,
–QPSK,
–8PSK,
–16QAM
• SNR-based real time QoS.
• The error-correction code used in the system are
RS(255,223) and RS(255,191).
18DASC 2016 Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network
4. Implementation
A/G routing module
19
GUI for data transmission in A/C1
GUI for streaming video in A/C1
DASC 2016 Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network
5. Results
Transmission and reception in outdoor
20
Distance BPSK QPSK 8PSK 16QAM Adaptive
15m
30m
50m
100m
150m
200m
250m
300m
400m
500m
AMM outdoor test results
DASC 2016 Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network
5. Results
Transmission and reception in outdoor
21
BER curves of AMM
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 4010
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
Eb/No (dB)
BE
R
RS(255,223) DBPSK
RS(255,191) DBPSK
Uncoded DBPSK
RS(255,223) DQPSK
RS(255,191) DQPSK
Uncoded DQPSK
RS(255,223) D8PSK
RS(255,191) D8PSK
Uncoded D8PSK
RS(255,223) D-16QAM
RS(255,191) D-16QAM
Uncoded D-16QAM
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 4010
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
Eb/No (dB)
BE
R
DASC 2016 Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network
6. Conclusion
• SDU prototype implemented into an SDR platform.
• Tx and rx of binary data, in real time.
• Adaptive coded modulation technique.
• Low cost implementation, configuration and maintenance.
• Takes into account the increase in air traffic.
• A/C-GS communication via A/A link or A/S-S/G.
• Promising AN for future communication in the air.
22DASC 2016 Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network
6. Conclusion
Future work
• Use of cognitive techniques
• New routing algorithms within for AN
• New prototyping SDR platforms
• More Lab and ground tests
• Flight Tests
23DASC 2016 Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network
7. References
1. EUROCONTROL, “SwiftBroadband capabilities to support aeronautical safety services - WP3: Airborne
architectures”. TRS064/04: European organisation for the safety of air navigation, 2005, 55 p.
2. Canavitsas, Â. “ Rádio Definido por Software & Evolução para o Rádio Cognitivo”. In Reunião do Grupo
Ad-Hoc de Propagação - ANATEL. Rio de Janeiro, may 2011.
3. J. Zambrano, O.A. Yeste-Ojeda, and R. J. Landry, “Simulation, optimization modeling for robust satellite
data unit for airborne network”, AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. Dallas, TX, Jun
2015.
4. USAF Airborne Network Special Interest Group, “Airborne network architecture” - System
Communications Description & Technical Architecture Profile, Version 1.1, Prepared by HQ ESC/NI17,
October 2004.
5. ICAO, “North Atlantic MNPS airspace operations manual”, Published on behalf of the North Atlantic
Systems Planning Group (NAT SPG) by the European and North Atlantic Office of ICAO, 2008
6. J. Brunton, NATS. “North Atlantic Skies – The gateway to Europe” , Surveillance operations, June 2014.
7. J. Zambrano, O.A. Yeste-Ojeda, and R. J. Landry, “Requirements for communication systems in future
passenger air transportation”, 14th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference.
Atlanta, GA, Jun 2014.
8. E.Alotaibi and B.Mukherjee, “A survey on routing algorithms for wireless Ad-Hoc and mesh networks”,
Computer Networks, Volume 56, Issue 2, 2 February 2012, Pages 940–965
9. Ettus Research, “WBX 50-2200 MHz Rx/Tx (40 MHz)”, April 2016.
24DASC 2016 Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network
6. Conclusion
References
Questions?
25
Thank you.
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DASC 2016 Development and implementation of new architecture for robust SDU with SDR for airborne network