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Development and Development and Coordination of Coordination of
E-Transition InitiativesE-Transition Initiatives
Economic Commission for EuropeEconomic Commission for Europe
United NationsUnited Nations
Daewon Choi
WTO Seminar on E-Commerce, CTD, 14 June 2001
E-Transition Programme - Background
Technology infrastructure in Technology infrastructure in developing and developing and transition economies transition economies inadequateinadequate to support to support e-e-business business transtransactionactionss
Most developing and Most developing and transition economy transition economy governments have governments have focused on structural reform focused on structural reform processprocess
E-transitionE-transition requires requires different approachdifferent approach
DevelopmentDevelopment of of the digital economythe digital economy requires requires understanding of the digital trading systemunderstanding of the digital trading system
Government initiative matters for e-public goodsGovernment initiative matters for e-public goods
E-International coordination required but selectively.E-International coordination required but selectively.
2000 0
50
100
150
200
250
2005
Internet Connectivity million
Price for Dial-up for 20 hours
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Alb
ania
Arm
enia
Aze
rbaj
anB
elar
usB
ulga
ria
Cro
atia
Est
onia
Geo
rgia
Hun
gary
Kyr
gist
anLa
tvia
Pol
and
Rom
ania
FYR
OM
USD
E-Banking
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
UKFra
nceSpain
Germany
Sweden US
% population
E-Signature: Legislative Transposition year
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
Italy
Austr
iaSpa
in
UKFra
nce
Sweden
Portu
gal
Ger
man
yFin
land
Hol
and
East
WIPO Copyright Treaty(Geneva, 1996)Status as of February 1, 2001Signatories from Transition EconomiesSignatories from Transition Economies Belarus, Croatia, Estonia, Hungary, Belarus, Croatia, Estonia, Hungary,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Slovakia, SloveniMoldova, Romania, Slovakia, Sloveniaa
((10 out of 10 out of 51).51).
Correlation Issues
WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty(Geneva, 1996)Status as of February 1, 2001Signatories from Transition EconomiesSignatories from Transition Economies Belarus, Croatia, Estonia, Hungary, Belarus, Croatia, Estonia, Hungary,
Kazakhstan, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Kazakhstan, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Slovakia, SloveniaSlovakia, Slovenia
((9 out of 9 out of 50).50).
Internet is available and growing but not widespread
Major barrier is telecom infrastructure and poor connectivity
Per-minute tariffing for local calls higher than the West making the Internet out of reach.
Internet in Developing and Transition Economies
Governments can reduce barriers and reform regulations, e.g. local loop or last mile.
Telco policy centred on privatization & competition not sufficient for the Internet expansion
Governments and IOs to consider policies for universal services access in the region.
Alternative access by mobile, fixed wireless, satellite and cable modem can mitigate infrastructure deficiencies but not substitute.
E-Coordination debate needs to balance universal services access and digital rights.
Governments to collaborate with regional and I.O.s for harmonized regulatory framework.
Technology changes the e-framework >>>>>>>>> Digital Trading System
The Digital Trading System:Architecture and Coordination
E-Coordination at the Meta Level
Transaction Process Layers International Trade (eg. Multilateral Trading
System) E-Commerce (eg. Intermediary) Cyber Business (eg. Digital Trading System)
Component Layers Information Exchange Secure Transactions Dispute Settlement
Global Trading System (GTS) = f(MTS, DTS)
MTS: Multilateral Trading System (WTO)MTS: Multilateral Trading System (WTO)
DTS: Digital Trading System (Virtual)DTS: Digital Trading System (Virtual)
Meta-Level Interface
MTSMTS
DTSDTS
The Internet Today
FTP Server
Web ServerDocuments
Database
Database
Application
Application
Web ServerDocuments
Web ServerDocuments
Step 1: Metadata
FTP Server
Web ServerDocuments
Database
Database
Application
Application
Web ServerDocuments
Web ServerDocuments
Step 2: XML Components
FTP Server
Database
Database
Application
Application
Web ServerDocuments
Web ServerDocuments
Web ServerDocuments
Step 3: XML Registries/Repositories
Repository
Registry
Repository
Registry
FTP Server
Web ServerDocuments
Database
Database
Application
Application
Web ServerDocuments
Web ServerDocuments
Step 4: Digital Services Agents
FTP Server
Web ServerDocuments
Database
Database
Application
Application
Web ServerDocuments
Web ServerDocuments
Registry
Registry
Registry
Registry
Agent
Agent
Agent
Step 5: Digital Trading System
FTP Server
Web ServerDocuments
Database
Database
Application
Application
Web ServerDocuments
Web ServerDocuments
Registry
Registry
Registry
Registry
Agent
Digital Dispute Settlement
Agent
E-Trust Intermediaries
E-Payment Process Services
Public DomainBusiness Citizens
ERP/ Transaction
ERP/ Transaction
JobShop
System
JobShop
System
VANVAN HTTPHTTPPublic ServicesProcess
Applications
Public ServicesProcess
ApplicationsUN/EDIFACT
UN/EDIFACTBrowser
Browser
Dispute Settlement Mechanism
E-Public Goods and E-Government
Public ServicesCollaboration Hub
Public ServicesCollaboration Hub
XMLXMLXMLXML
XML Message Service
XML Message Service
AdapterAdapter
XML Message Service
XML Message Service
AdapterAdapter
ProcessIntegration
ProcessIntegration
FinancialServices
InformationServicesXMLXML XMLXML
Dispute Resolution
Secure Transaction
Data Exchange
MTS ETS DTS
International Trade
E-Commerce
Cyber Business
Components of the Global Trading System
Dispute Resolution
Secure Transaction
Data Exchange
Global Trading System
International Trade
E-Commerce
Cyber Business
Doc.EDI
Sig. VAN
CDR. WTO
EDI.Web
E-sig.PKI
ADR (ICC, OECD)
XML, XSL
CA. DRM
DDR
Financial Services
Dispute Resolution
Secure Transaction
Data Exchange
WTO E-Commerce Programme
International Trade
E-Commerce
Cyber Business
ITA
Basci Telcom Services
Competition Policy
E-Commerce
Trade Facilitation
Proposed Dir VAT 7/2000
Dispute Resolution
Secure Transaction
Data Exchange
EU E-Commerce Framework
International Trade
E-Commerce
Cyber Business
Database Protection Dir 96/9
Personal Data Protec Dir 95/46
E-Monex Dir
E-Sig Dir 99/93
ADR. Art 17, E-C Dir 2000/31
Patent Coop Treaty
Dispute Resolution
Secure Transaction
Data Exchange
WIPO Digital Agenda
International Trade
E-Commerce
Cyber Business
Madrid Marks
Hague Ind. Design
WCopyR.Treaty
WPerfor.Phono Tr
gTLDs
Artit.Media Centre
E-Rights
Global Licensing of Digital Assests(study)
Dispute Resolution
Secure Transaction
Data Exchange
BIS Payment and Settlement Systems
International Trade
E-Commerce
Cyber Business
Basel Accord
Pay & Settlement
Intl Accounting Stdd
Risk Manag .for E-Banking & E-Money
Real Time Gross Settl Systems
Dispute Resolution
Secure Transaction
Data Exchange
UN/ECE CEFACT ebXML & E-Transition Programme
International Trade
E-Commerce
Cyber Business
Trade Facilitation Rec.
CEFACT
UN/EDIFACT
E-Transition Programme: eInfra, ePay, eGov, eReg, eLearn
ebXML/ OASIS
UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Internet Enterprise Development
eInfrastructure, eRegulation
eGovernment, ePayment
eStartups, eLearning
ebXML Implementation Framework
Regular sessions in Geneva
E-Survey Series
Regional Conferences
E-Coordination Mechanisms
1. De Facto
2. E-International Organizations
3. National E-Initiatives
E-Issues: E-Infra, E-Restructuring, E-Pay,
E-Gov, E-Regulation, E-Learn
E-Instruments: economic, technical and legal
E-Coordination: global public/private interface
National E-Initiatives: Insitutional Patterns
1. Presidential Commission on Digital Economy
2. Interministerial Advisory Council
3. E-Portfolios
4. E-Programmes
5. E-Centre
6. E-Ad hoc Task Force
7. E-Roadshow
E-Initiatifves: References
E-UK, E-Australia, E-Austria, E-Singapore
E-Estonia, E-Hungary, E-Macedonia for All, E-Russia
Conclusions
Functional Equivalence• Technical neutrality • Legal neutrality
Instruments• National Coordination• International Cooperation• Digital Collaboration
www.unece.org/trade/entdev/internet/id-main.htm
Dae Won ChoiDae Won Choi
UN/ECE Economic Affairs OfficerUN/ECE Economic Affairs Officer
SecretariatSecretariat, UN/ECE Team of Specialists , UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Internet Enterprise Developmenton Internet Enterprise Development
[email protected] nece.org ++441.1.2222..917917..24742474