Development Across the Life Span

Development Across the Life SpanChapter 5Pages 140-173Human DevelopmentThe scientific study of the changes that occur in people as they age, from conception to death.

Nature vs. nurture

ExamplesGenetic Influences Each cell we have contains 23 chromosomes rod-shaped structures

These structures are made up of DNA special molecule that contains the genetic material of the organism

DNADNA strands consist of particular patterns of amines known as genes a section of DNA having the same arrangement of chemical elements

Dominant vs. Recessive genes

ExamplesThose are biological factors, what are some environmental factors that influence our development?FamilyFriendsMediaSchoolCity vs. RuralVideo

Developmental PsychologyContinuity or discontinuity

Stability or change

Physical developmentCognitive developmentPsychosocial development

Read all three on page 143 Which are continuous? Which are stable?Aging videoCritical periodsA time when a child is developmentally most susceptible to the presence or absence of particular stimuli in the environment and must progress to the next stage of development if development is to continue normally

Genies captivitySensitive periodsA time when a child is susceptible to stimuli and receptive to learning from particular types of experiences

The difference between critical and sensitive periods are that if the child does not develop during sensitive periods, there is more likelihood of catching up later on

Practice quiz page 146Prenatal careDoes it matter what your mom does while you are in the womb??

Prenatal, infant, and childhood development Conception moment at which a sperm and an egg unite to form a single cell

Conception to birth 9 months

Fertilization union of the ovum and sperm in the fallopian tubeHow do cells become babies?!Germinal period first two weeks after fertilization, during which the zygote moves down to the uterus and begins to implant in the lining

Embryonic period 2-8 weeks after fertilization, during which the major organs and structures of the organism develop

Fetal period 8 weeks after to birth, growthPages 148-149Prenatal HazardsTeratogen any factor that can cause birth defects

How many can we name?

Page 148Developing skillsBy age 1, the average infant has tripled its birth weight and added another foot to its height. The brain triples its weight in the first 2 years, reaching about 75 percent of its adult weight. By age 5, the brain is at 90 of its adult weight.

Piagets Stage of DevelopmentWorksheet

Piagets Stages of DevelopmentAssimilation understanding new things in terms of schemes one already possesses.

Orange and apple

Accommodation altering or adjusting old schemes to fit new information and experiencesPiagets Stages of DevelopmentSensorimotor stage - infants

Object permanence knowledge that an object exists even when it is not in sight

Peek-a-booPiagets Stages of DevelopmentPreoperational stage ages 2-7

Egocentrism inability to see the world through anyone elses eyes

Centration the tendency of a young child to focus only on one feature of an object while ignoring relevant features

Water in a glass videoPiagets Stages of DevelopmentConcrete operations stage ages 7-12

More logical about Santa Claus

Cannot think of abstract things like freedom but concrete concepts are understoodPiagets Stages of DevelopmentFormal operations ages 12 adulthood

What if questions

Language DevelopmentKids experience what is known as EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE DELAY seem to understand far more language than they can produce

5 Stages of Language Development1. Cooing2. Babbling3. One-Word Speech4. Telegraphic speech5. Whole Sentences

Harlows Experiment Read about on page 158Answer questionVideo

Eriksons Psychosocial Stages of Development1. infant2. toddler3. preschool age4. elementary school age5. adolescence6. early adulthood7.middle adulthood8. late adulthood

Practice Quiz page 161

AdolescencePuberty the physical changes in both primary and secondary sex characteristics that occur as part of sexual development

Adolescence happens from the beginning of puberty to the early 20s

AdolescenceDifferent across cultures

Quinceanera 15th birthdays in Latin America. Girls start wearing high heels and instead of dancing with their fathers dance with male friends

Bar or Bat Mitzvah 13th birthday for Jewish kids

AdolescencePrimary sex characteristics sex organs

Secondary sex characteristics body hair, voice changes

Starts around 10 for females and 12 for boysAdolescent ThinkingThe frontal lobes are still developing used for reasoning, organizing, decision making

Teens are also egocentric think about themselves and think other people think about them, alsoPersonal fableAdolescents believe they are special or unique, and nobody can understand them.

It cant happen to me, Im special

Imaginary audienceSelf-consciousness think that everybody cares what they wear, do, act, etc

Peer PressureErik Erikson believed that teens who have found themselves or resolved conflicts are less likely to engage in unhealthy or illegal activities

Feel less need to fit in, join gangs, or rebel

VideoGenerativityFocus is outwardHappens in adulthood after finding intimacyGuidance to ones children or the next generation through career or volunteer work

Class discussionAre parents creating a society of wimps by protecting them from failures and giving them everything they want?

Write it down!Write down 5 stereotypes that kids have about adults

Write down 5 stereotypes adults might have for kids.

Compare with a partner when finished. GenerativityParents who cannot focus outward are dealing with unresolved conflicts

These parents focus on their own needs instead of their childrens they are stagnated

Ego IntegrityHappens in late adulthood

Coming to terms with losses, gains, letting go of regrets, and the final completion of the ego

Physical changes in adultsMenopause the cessation of ovulation and menstrual cycles and the end of a womans reproductive capability - hot flashes

Andropause gradual changes in the sexual hormones and reproductive system of middle-aged malesWhy does aging occur?Cellular clock theory cells are limited in the times they can reproduce and repair

Wear and tear theory stress, physical exertion, and bodily damage cause aging. Collagen, a tissue, wears out and becomes wrinkled

Free radical theory Oxygen molecules stealing electrons and bouncing aroundActivity TheoryThose who stay involved live longerStimulate the brainThose who are shut off and do not participate for many reasons do not live as longUse it or lose it

Stages of DeathDenialAngerBargainingDepressionAcceptance

There is not right or wrong way to dieDeathOld people aren't the only people who die

SIDS sudden infant death syndrome

Adolescents decisions because of personal fables it wont happen to me. Texting and drivingOn your iPad1. Write your own obituary2. Would you want to know right now the age you will die at? Explain.3. What does it mean to have a midlife crisis? Why do people go through this?

After your finished practice quiz on page 170