Developing World Characteristics and Socio-economic Indicators of Developing RegionsIvana Raslavská

Theoretical approaches in socioeconomic development

Paradigm:• Liberal paradigm• Realist paradigm

Theoretical approaches:• classicistic and neoclassic theories• structuralistic theories• historical approach

Development in process of globalisation

• Liberal approach – negative impact of globalisation have just temporary character in the form of negative externalities

• Realistic approach – globalisation have positive impact on countries which implement racional economic policy

• Criticism of liberal and neoliberal approaches – understand power like negative influence in global economic relationships.

What does it mean developing world?

Nonexistence of common terminology:

• 1949 – Truman speech – underdeveloped areas

• 50s and 60s of 20th century - Developing world

• 1952 – Alfred Sauvy – Third World

• Contemporary - Developing countries or Global South

How do we measure development?

• GDP p./c.States with low income < 975 USD States with lower middle income 976 - 3,855 USDStates with higher middle income 3,856 - 11,905 USDStates with highest income > 11,906

• HDI Low human development < 0,5 Medium human development 0,5 – 0,8High human development > 0,8

as of 2008

Human development index

Source: Human Developmet Report 2007/2008, UNDP, 2007

Other methodologies

Source: Human Developmet Reports 2001- 2007/2008, UNDP

• Human Poverty Index (for developing countries) – HPI-1

• Gender Related Index – GRI

• Gender Empowerment Measure – GEM

• Technology Achievement Index - TAI

Poverty

• multidimensional phenomenon

• Lack of basic needs for living- Malnutrition, diseases, no or lack of education, bad access to water and

sanitary devices, violence and criminality, lack of politic freedom, vulnerable human rights...

• Typical problems- Autocratic politic regimes, corruption, specific demographic growth,

disordered social system, unfavourable natural and climatic conditions, psychological factors...

Least Developed Countries (LDCs)

Zdroj: http://www.unohrlls.org/en/ldc/related/62/

Afghanistan AngolaBangladeshBeninBhutan Burkina FasoBurmaBurundi CambodiaCentral Afr. Rep.Chad ComorosDem. Rep. of CongoDjiboutiEquatorial GuineaEritreaEthiopia

GambiaGuineaGuinea-Bissau Haiti Kiribati Lao PDRLesotho Liberia MadagascarMalawi Maldives Mali MauritaniaMozambiqueNepal Niger Rwanda

Samoa São Tomé & Príncipe SenegalSierra LeoneSolomon IslandsSomaliaSudanTogoTuvalu Uganda Un. Rep. of TanzaniaTimor-LesteVanuatu YemenZambia

Aid delivered to developing countries

Root theory for foreign development „aid“ is the theory of „vicious circle of poverty“:

Low

consumption

How to break „vicious circle of poverty“?

• Foreign direct investments

• International Trade

• Development cooperation

International Development Cooperation I

Reliefemergency, acute crisisshort-term objectives

Rehabilitationpost-conflict/crisismidterm objectives

Developmentstable situation, legitimate

partnerslong-term objectives

International Development Cooperation II

GovernmentalOfficial development

cooperation

Nongovernmentalprivate sector (a.s., s.r.o.),

third sector (n.o., o.z., nadácia)

Bilateral Multilateral

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hungerGoal 2: Achieve universal primary educationGoal 3: Promote gender equality and empower womenGoal 4: Reduce child mortalityGoal 5: Improve maternal healthGoal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseasesGoal 7: Ensure environmental sustainabilityGoal 8: Develop a global partnership for development

• 21 quantifiable targets, 60 indicators

Thank you for your attention

Contact: raslavska@clovekvohrozeni.sk