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7/29/2019 Developing the Healthy City Concept
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Developing the " Healthy City Concept
The Thai Department of Health (DOH) of the Ministry of Public Health first applied the World Health
Organization (WHO) concept of the "health city in collaboration with the Bangkok Metropolitan
Administration in 1994. In 1996, the DOH received financial support from the WHO to expand the
"healthy city model to five new pilot locations. This expansion was successful in creating new
community norms for cleanliness (e.g., garbage collection, waste water management). This model also
established a conceptual framework to approach the environment and health status by encouraging
agencies under the local administrative authority to work together in a partnership network.
Communities were motivated to develop a civic-minded approach to problems in which they are key
players and have responsibility for the development of their neighborhoods. This model also promoted
the effective application of public health law to protect individual rights and develop an orderly and civil
society.
At present, the local administrative authorities are key players in the implementation of programs for
environmental health as stipulated in their charter and Public Health Act, B.E. 2535 (1992). The "health
city model strategy is one approach which the local administrative authorities can use to implement
programs for environmental health which are under their jurisdiction. This strategy is one which
promotes decentralization of authority to the community and has the potential for a more sustainable
solution to development problems.
Basic Process of Implementation
The local administrative authorities establish a " health city policy and work plan.
Health staff and/or responsible individuals receive training and orientation in the "health city model
through meetings and seminars, and learn how the public health law can be used to support
implementation of the model.
Implementation is done through a network of partners, or local leaders, who play an active role in the
"health city project activities.
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There are forums for exchanging lessons learned and for site visits to communities implementing the
project.
The health data base is strengthened.
In 2008, the DOH established the priority environmental health problems that threaten the majority
of Thai communities, and outlined the national policy steps that will promote success in 3 key areas :
Food and water safety by implementing safety standards at the following :
Development of Type 1 wet markets to reach standards of safe selling
Develop restaurants, food stalls and food carts so that they reach the standards of cleanliness and safety
Communities have water that is safe for consumption through a piped water system
Waste management with the objective of motivating communities to properly dispose of refuse and
sewage that can cause disease according to standards as follows :
A system is in place to implement standard waste disposal methods
Use of sanitary latrines according to standard
There is a system of sewage disposal that meets the standard
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Use of legal measures under Public Health Act, B.E. 2535 (1992) with the objective of encouraging
communities to effectively abide by the legislation by issuing appropriate laws and by enforcing those
laws.
Key Activities :
Raise awareness and understanding among the population and the local administrative authorities so
that they recognize the importance and benefit of promoting environmental health and
reducing/eradicating risk behaviors which are harmful to health.
Promote the role of community information networks and public news outlets to help promote a norm
of civic-mindedness to address the challenge.
Build the capacity of public health staff and local officials so that they are adequately prepared and
capable of implementing the programs in an effective way in the local community.
Conduct research and knowledge development of appropriate technology that is suitable to the local
context and which can effectively address the problems.