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Developing Communicative
Dr. Michael Rost
Language Teaching
> Find a partner near you, talk for 1 minute –
then when you hear the word “Change”, change partners:
• What is something really important that
happened in your life this year?
• Why is it important to you?
Warm up: Mixer
© Michael Rost
• Engaged? (have to use strategies)
• Personal? (have to reveal something)
• Communication Gap? (need to listen)
• Task? (outcome that is verifiable)
What is an effective communicative activity?
© Michael Rost
…what is successful communication
(in L1 and L2)
One key : articulating standards for
…how students can achieve
this success step by step
© Michael Rost
Holistic Checklist Scale
3 types of communicative assessment:
© Michael Rost
• How did you like this activity?
Example of holistic evaluation
[1] ………[2] ……… [3] ………[4] ………[5]Boring Interesting Not Worthwhile Valuable
© Michael Rost
• If we do this activity again, what might we do differently?
• natural and spontaneous
• open to interpretation by everyone
• gives personal insights
The advantages of holistic evaluation
© Michael Rost
Let’s retry an activity…
with communicative
goals in mind …
This time, let’s focus on…
Michael Rost© Michael Rost
• Speaker “readiness”, knowledge of topic
• Personalization – opportunity, willingness, and desire to show one’s personal side
• Supportive listener – an interested partner who wants to learn something
What adds value to this activity?
© Michael Rost
Activity: Pair Exchange
What makes
this person the best teacher for you?
Who has been the best teacher in your
life so far?
© Michael Rost
Conditions
• Think for one minute before you start. • Take turns. 2 minutes for each person only. Face each other.
Speaker: Describe the person carefully. Tell about one time that he or she was a good teacher.
Listener: Listen quietly for one minute. Then ask at least 3 questions to learn more about the person’s teacher.
Listener: Try to summarize what makes this person a great teacher.
Speakers & Listeners: Aim to use English 90% of the time!
© Michael Rost
Did you …
__ speak for 1 minute in English only?
__ make your ideas clear to your partner?
__ ask at least 3 questions?
__ learn any new vocabulary in this activity?
Example of check list evaluation
© Michael Rost
Notice: We focus on a few performance variables.
If our students meet these performance criteria, they have done the task well.
This type of assessment is a “checklist” type.
© Michael Rost
• We need to help them focus on the criteria.
And• …give more support
• … let them try again!
If our students have troubles with any of the criteria,
© Michael Rost
• clear and fair to everyone
• provides more specific feedback
• easy to adjust & expand
The advantages of checklists:
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• They measure whether our
students have achieved the
specific objectives of the unit.
Assessment checklists are used for “achievement tests”:
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Communicative Scales are based on:
• dynamic, interactive criteria
• possibility of corrective feedback
3rd kind of assessment:Scale-based
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• good intention
• sensitive
• performed the task well
• clear and logical
Examples of feedback:
• used effective connectors (especially _________ )
• used appropriate vocabulary (especially _______ )
• used appropriate grammar (especially ________ )
© Michael Rost
• clear pronunciation
• animated intonation
• correct grammatical structures
• range of structures
• precise vocabulary choice
• formulaic language
Examples of feedback, TYPE 1
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• smoothness
• richness of content
• confidence
• “communicative image”
• interactivity – listening to partner
• intention to communicate
Examples of feedback, TYPE 2
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Listeners’ Task:• Listen quietly for 1 minute
• Then ask for specific examples
• At the end, give feedback on speaker’s main point.
Activity: Speaking Circle
Speaker’s Topic:
• Talk for 1 minute:
• Who influenced you more – your father or
your mother? How did he or she influence you?
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Give positive feedback at the end.
Activity: Spotlight
Speaker’s Topic: List 5 important dates. Why are they important? Answer your partner’s questions.
Listener’s Task: Choose a date. Ask why it’s important. Ask 3 “follow on” questions.
Monitor’s Task: Pay attention to the accuracy and fluency of both S & L.
© Michael Rost
• role of mistakes and recasts in SLA
• role of “attitude about mistakes” in development
A note about “mistakes”
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Most widely used scales: • TSE (TOEFL, Test of Spoken English)• ILR • FSI • ELIUM• ORDINATE• COE (Council of Europe)
Converting feedback to a communicative scale assessment
© Michael Rost
• “Base Line” or “Native speaker” norms
• “Rule-space” analysis of skills
• Continuum of performance variables: not skills, but interactive processes
Key concepts:
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• Effectiveness of communication: The degree to which an intended message is communicated successfully and efficiently conveyed to a listener.
• Task Completion: The performance of an appropriate language function in a specified context.
• Communication strategies: Communication techniques such as paraphrase, examples, redundancy, or demonstration to make one’s communication more effective or to compensate for language deficiencies.
• Coherence: The clear and logical organization of the speaker’s utterances.
• Response to partner: The sensitivity of the speaker to the listener and the social situation.
• Accuracy: The degree to which pronunciation, grammar, fluency, and vocabulary approach that of a native speaker.
• Fluency: Smoothly flowing speech.
• Vocabulary: Words and expressions that are appropriate for the intended message.
COMMON TERMS USED IN COMMUNICATIVE RATING SCALES
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• volunteers information freely • goes beyond the minimum task• repairs own mistakes• gives strong ideas• maintains strong contact with audience• has a clear purpose• smooth delivery • range of vocabulary • range of grammar structures
Some Important Scale Descriptors (= Values!)
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A band scale for holistic assessment
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Fluency Accuracy Complexity Interactivity
5
4
3
2
1
Framework for a communication assessment scale
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Fluency Accuracy Complexity Interactivity
5
4
3
2
1
A framework for holistic assessment
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1. You can make your own assessment tools:
Holistic Checklist Scale
Conclusion:
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2. You can use assessment tools:
• to promote awareness
• to allow students to learn from feedback
• to describe each student’s progress
toward communicative goals
Conclusion:
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• Assessment is vital for student progress in communication.
• Assessment can be flexible – it can and should take many forms.
• Evaluation should always include self-assessment.
• Communicative goals must be described to students.
• Effective communication should be modeled for students.
• Feedback is the key to progress – give every student feedback in every class
Summary:
© Michael Rost
Thank you for your participation!
You can download this presentation (Developing Communicative Language Teaching)
from my blog:latcomm.com/seminars/downloads
© Michael Rost