Developing Business Practice

302LON

Plagiarism...and how to avoid it

Week 4

Overview of sessions

Week

1 Reading for academic success

2 Writing for academic success

3 Finding and using information

4 Plagiarism and how to avoid it

5 Putting it all together

• Know what constitutes plagiarism• Be aware of what to look out for in your own

work• Know about Turnitin and how it is used in

plagiarism detection• Learn about different ways to avoid plagiarism in

your work

By the end of this unit...

When you pass off the work or the ideas of others as your own

What is plagiarism?

What is plagiarism?

Is this plagiarism?

Find an article online, copy and paste the relevant paragraphs into your

assignment.PLA

GIARIS

M

Is this plagiarism?

Buy an essay from an online essay bank and submit it as your own work

PLAGIA

RISM

Is this plagiarism?

Find a paper on the Internet in another language and translate it into English

and submit as your ownPLAGIA

RISM

Is this plagiarism?

When working as a group, listening to what everyone else has to say and then using those arguments in your

work as your ownPLAGIA

RISM

• Concealing sources

• Copy and paste

• Collusion

• Misinterpreting common knowledge

• Self plagiarism

What is plagiarism?

Concealing sources

Not citing and referencing correctly

37% of businesses enter their greatest period of growth in their third quarter.

Concealing sources

37% of businesses enter their greatest period of growth in their third quarter (Chamber of Commerce 2010).

Concealing sources

37% of businesses enter their greatest period of growth in their third quarter (Chamber of Commerce 2010).

Concealing sources

Some would argue that the concept of management has fundamentally changed since the introduction of the open office working environment. One study suggests that ‘open offices have erradicated boundaries between employees and their managers’. I would disagree.

Concealing sources

Some would argue that the concept of management has fundamentally changed since the introduction of the open office working environment. One study suggests that ‘open offices have erradicated boundaries between employees and their managers’ (Yates 2009:78). I would disagree.

Concealing sources

Some would argue that the concept of management has fundamentally changed since the introduction of the open office working environment. One study suggests that ‘open offices have erradicated boundaries between employees and their managers’ (Yates 2009:78). I would disagree.

Concealing sources

Concealing sources: example

Paper based process change systems that are implemented by sequential review by relevant departments are inefficient and slow. Only one person can review the change documentation at a time and the review cycle can be stopped by bottlenecks.

Concealing sources: example

Paper based process change systems that are implemented by sequential review by relevant departments are inefficient and slow (Carrubba and Gordon 1988:67, Cavasin 1986:72 and Hill 1993:8). Only one person can review the change documentation at a time and the review cycle can be stopped by bottlenecks.

Concealing sources: example

Paper based process change systems that are implemented by sequential review by relevant departments are inefficient and slow (Carrubba and Gordon 1988:67, Cavasin 1986:72 and Hill 1993:8). Only one person can review the change documentation at a time and the review cycle can be stopped by bottlenecks.

• Where you have used another person’s work, words or ideas, make sure you include a citation within the text

• Make sure it is clear which ideas are yours and which ideas are from other sources.

• Even if this is in the next paragraph, cite your source!

So how can I avoid it?

Collusion

Taking credit for someone else’s work

Collusion

I’ve had an AMAZING

idea...

Good idea... I want to use that in my essay...

Ooooh, excellent idea...!

Collusion

Copying...

PLAGIA

RISM

• Make sure you acknowledge other students’ ideas in your assignments

• In group work, it might be an idea to take notes/minutes

• Do not share your work when you know it may be used inappropriately

So how can I avoid it?

Copy and paste

Copying another source word for word into your own work

Copy and paste: example

This paper is considering the process of a change proposal. A typical change proposal gives all interested reviewers the opportunity to support or reject the proposal as it progresses through proposed, approved, rejected, or authorised stages. After the change proposal has been accepted it goes on to the next step which determines what should be done to address the requested problem or enhancement.

Copy and paste: example

This paper is considering the process of a change proposal. A typical change proposal gives all interested reviewers the opportunity to support or reject the proposal as it progresses through proposed, approved, rejected, or authorised stages. After the change proposal has been accepted it goes on to the next step which determines what should be done to address the requested problem or enhancement.

• Don’t copy and paste! Not good practice• Paraphrase ideas• If you do copy verbatim – include

“quotation marks” and ALWAYS acknowledge your sources

• Try and DO something with the information, don’t rely heavily on quotes.

So how can I avoid it?

Copy and paste: example

This paper is considering the process of a change proposal. A typical change proposal gives all interested reviewers the opportunity to support or reject the proposal as it progresses through proposed, approved, rejected, or authorised stages. After the change proposal has been accepted it goes on to the next step which determines what should be done to address the requested problem or enhancement.

Copy and paste: example

This paper is considering the process of a change proposal. Kidd and Thompson outline the usual method of change proposal as one that “gives all interested reviewers the opportunity to support or reject the proposal as it progresses through proposed, approved, rejected, or authorised stages.” Once this process has been completed, the process moves to the next stage which “determines what should be done to address the requested problem or enhancement.” (Kidd and Thompson 2000: 25)

Assuming common knowledge

You do not have to cite common knowledge

...but if in doubt, cite!

Self plagiarism

Recycling assignments, resubmitting previous work

• Each assignment should be unique• Previous assignments are stored on

Turnitin• If you do quote previous work, then cite

yourself• Do not resubmit an entire piece of work

So how can I avoid it?

• Plagiarism detection software• Finds similar material and highlights it to

the marker• Produces a similarity report which gives

an indication of original content

Turnitin

• ‘Individual’ pieces of work

• Responsible use of other sources

• Only refer to studies/articles you have read

What do we expect?

Quoting

Paraphrasing

Correct citing and referencing

Avoiding plagiarism

• Words exactly as in the original• In quotation marks

• Also remember citation!

Quoting

“This text was in another article and is a good example of leadership”.

(Davies 2009: 7)

• Includes memorable phrase, key words or perhaps a definition

• EXACTLY as in the source

• Always use quotation marks and citation

Quoting

• Put idea into your own words• Not just ‘switching words’• Capture the meaning• You still need to include a citation

Paraphrasing

There are many schools of management thinking. At one level, they can be broadly categorised as either academic or popularist. There was a time when academic thinking was based on the work of a few key individuals whose theories have been proved through limited trials. The application of psychology and other sciences to management actions has results in the wide literature that was referred to in chapter 1, ranging from soundly based theory to more speculative journalism.

Paraphrasing, quoting and citing

Maylor, H. (2010) Project Management, 4th Ed. Harlow: Pearson Education – from page 18

Management thinking is influenced by many areas of expertise. The worlds of academia, psychology and science have all shaped different ways of thinking with varying degrees of reliability, from “soundly based theory to more speculative journalism” (Maylor 2010:18).

Paraphrasing, quoting and citing

Download from Moodle

Citation and reference – CU Harvard style

In-text citation

+Reference

• Author’s surname and year of publication in the text, and a page number if appropriate, within the body of the text

(Davies 2007:38)

• Reference list of these citations at the end of the work, alphabetical by author

Citation and reference – CU Harvard style

Citing

Davies 2010 :117

Author Year

)(

Page number

It has been highlighted that the implementation of these theories was successful (Black 2009:9)

Black argues that it is not necessary to look to deeply into the results given the failure of the company (2009:10).

Citing example

A recent report looking to the idea of raising healthcare standards (NHS 2010)

Summarising a whole book or article

A fairly comprehensive survey of the research was made (White 2008: 20-23)

Summarising a few pages?

• List at end of work• Alphabetical by author• Includes all the information needed to

locate the item• Very specific way of presenting your

reference

Reference list

Reinders, H., Moore, N. And Lewis, M. (2008) The International Student Handbook. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan

Dhillon, B. (2004) ‘Should Doctor’s Wear Ties?’ Medical Monthly [online] 3 (1), 55-88. available from <http://hospitals/infections/latest-advice/htm> [20 April 2006]

Examples

• Websites• Reports• Statistics

See the Coventry University Harvard Citing and Referencing Guide http://wwwm.coventry.ac.uk/caw

There are set ways to present all sorts of different formats:

In this Knowledgecast, we have:

• Looked at what constitutes plagiarism• Looked at what we should look out for in own work• Discussed Turnitin and how it is used in plagiarism

detection• Learned about different ways to avoid plagiarism in your

work

Knowledgecast Summary