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Developing and Deploying Multi-hop Wireless Networks for a Low-Income Communities. Authors: Joseph Camp (Rice U.) Edward Knightly (Rice U.) Will Reed (Technology For All). Outline. Background Technology For All (TFA) Rice Transit Access Points (TAPs) Project Neighborhood Demographics - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Developing and Deploying Multi-hop Wireless
Networks for a Low-Income Communities
Developing and Deploying Multi-hop Wireless
Networks for a Low-Income Communities
Authors: Joseph Camp (Rice U.) Edward Knightly (Rice U.)Will Reed (Technology For All)
Authors: Joseph Camp (Rice U.) Edward Knightly (Rice U.)Will Reed (Technology For All)
OutlineOutline
• Background– Technology For All (TFA)– Rice Transit Access Points (TAPs)
Project– Neighborhood Demographics– Map: Pecan Park
• Societal Objectives• Technical and Economic Objectives• Network Architecture• Future Work
• Background– Technology For All (TFA)– Rice Transit Access Points (TAPs)
Project– Neighborhood Demographics– Map: Pecan Park
• Societal Objectives• Technical and Economic Objectives• Network Architecture• Future Work
Technology For All (TFA)Technology For All (TFA)MISSION: To empower low-income and
under-resourced communities through the tools of technology
• TFA-Wireless created to deploy a wireless cloud around neighborhood
• TFA-Wireless using sustainable business model to provide broadband Internet access to local residents and businesses
• TFA-Wireless – one example of TFA’s social enterprise strategy to achieve its mission
MISSION: To empower low-income and under-resourced communities through the tools of technology
• TFA-Wireless created to deploy a wireless cloud around neighborhood
• TFA-Wireless using sustainable business model to provide broadband Internet access to local residents and businesses
• TFA-Wireless – one example of TFA’s social enterprise strategy to achieve its mission
Rice TAPs ProjectRice TAPs Project
• NSF Funded Project (5 years, $7.5M)• In Connection with 100x100 Project• Real-world motivation
• NSF Funded Project (5 years, $7.5M)• In Connection with 100x100 Project• Real-world motivation
Pecan Park DemographicsPecan Park Demographics
• Per-capita Income one-third of national average
• 36.7 percent of children (under 18) live below poverty line
• 71 percent of families with children under 5 live below poverty line
• 64.2 percent of adults (over 25) are without high school diploma or GED
• 4.2 square kilometers in area
• Per-capita Income one-third of national average
• 36.7 percent of children (under 18) live below poverty line
• 71 percent of families with children under 5 live below poverty line
• 64.2 percent of adults (over 25) are without high school diploma or GED
• 4.2 square kilometers in area
Map: Pecan ParkMap: Pecan Park
TFAMelcher Library
Business
District
OutlineOutline
• Background• Societal Objectives
– Community Benefits– TFA-Wireless Business Model– Lessons Learned: Community Outreach
• Technical and Economic Objectives• Network Architecture• Future Work
• Background• Societal Objectives
– Community Benefits– TFA-Wireless Business Model– Lessons Learned: Community Outreach
• Technical and Economic Objectives• Network Architecture• Future Work
Societal ObjectivesSocietal Objectives
• Affordable Internet access• Online education opportunities • Work-at-home opportunities• Health education and information• Economic Development• Sustainable Business Model
• Affordable Internet access• Online education opportunities • Work-at-home opportunities• Health education and information• Economic Development• Sustainable Business Model
TFA-Wireless Business ModelTFA-Wireless Business Model
Lessons Learned: Community OutreachLessons Learned: Community Outreach• Early adopters at all socio-economic
levels• Higher community interest when
members of the community involved
• Low-income community wants a high quality affordable product
• More community broadband in neighborhood than expected
• Early adopters at all socio-economic levels
• Higher community interest when members of the community involved
• Low-income community wants a high quality affordable product
• More community broadband in neighborhood than expected
OutlineOutline
• Background• Technical and Economic
Objectives• Network Architecture• Future Work
• Background• Technical and Economic
Objectives• Network Architecture• Future Work
Economics: Case for MeshEconomics: Case for Mesh
• Fiber as high as $200,000 per linear mile
• DSL and CATV infeasible• $1K/month for 1.5 Mbps• $5K to $30K/month for 45 Mbps • Economies of scale: Affordable IEEE
802.11 Hardware• Aggregate all traffic to a single wire
• Fiber as high as $200,000 per linear mile
• DSL and CATV infeasible• $1K/month for 1.5 Mbps• $5K to $30K/month for 45 Mbps • Economies of scale: Affordable IEEE
802.11 Hardware• Aggregate all traffic to a single wire
OutlineOutline
• Background• Technical and Economic Objectives• Network Architecture
– Hardware Platform– Performance Targets– Network Topology
• Future Work
• Background• Technical and Economic Objectives• Network Architecture
– Hardware Platform– Performance Targets– Network Topology
• Future Work
Hardware: VIA mini-ITXHardware: VIA mini-ITX
• VIA C3 1Ghz• SMC 200 mW 802.11b• 5 GB Hard Drives• 32 MB Flash to run
Linux OS• LocustWorld Mesh SW• 15 dBi Omni-
directional Antenna (8 deg. Beam)
• VIA C3 1Ghz• SMC 200 mW 802.11b• 5 GB Hard Drives• 32 MB Flash to run
Linux OS• LocustWorld Mesh SW• 15 dBi Omni-
directional Antenna (8 deg. Beam)
Performance TargetsPerformance Targets
• Four Hop Limitation– Inefficiency in forwarding single
active flows over multiple hops– Unfairness of 802.11 when multiple
flows active from multiple hops
• 1 Mbps Commercial Connection– 3 Mbps backbone
• Four Hop Limitation– Inefficiency in forwarding single
active flows over multiple hops– Unfairness of 802.11 when multiple
flows active from multiple hops
• 1 Mbps Commercial Connection– 3 Mbps backbone
Network TopologyNetwork Topology
• Hexagonal Packing
• 250 meter range
• Need for Directional Antennae
• Hexagonal Packing
• 250 meter range
• Need for Directional Antennae
OutlineOutline
• Background• Technical and Economic Objectives• Network Architecture• Future Work
– Extensibility– Research Challenges– Measurement Study
• Background• Technical and Economic Objectives• Network Architecture• Future Work
– Extensibility– Research Challenges– Measurement Study
Future: ExtensibilityFuture: Extensibility
• 802.11g Cards• Other CTCs and
Neighborhoods• Increasing
Customer Base• Maintain Sense of
Community Involvement
• 802.11g Cards• Other CTCs and
Neighborhoods• Increasing
Customer Base• Maintain Sense of
Community Involvement
Future:Research ChallengesFuture:Research Challenges• Off-the-Shelf means fixed Media Access
Control (MAC) and Physical (PHY) Layers• Rate Limiting on Nodes• TCP over wireless• Synergizes well with TAPs Project
– 400 Mbps Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) Physical Layer
– Custom Hardware using Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)
– Fairness in Multi-hop Wireless
• Off-the-Shelf means fixed Media Access Control (MAC) and Physical (PHY) Layers
• Rate Limiting on Nodes• TCP over wireless• Synergizes well with TAPs Project
– 400 Mbps Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) Physical Layer
– Custom Hardware using Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)
– Fairness in Multi-hop Wireless
Future: Measurement StudyFuture: Measurement Study• SNMP and tcpdump for network
monitoring• Network Planning
– Link Level Measurements• Mesh node to client• Mesh node to mesh node
– Multi-hop Measurements– Placement Schemes
• SNMP and tcpdump for network monitoring
• Network Planning– Link Level Measurements
• Mesh node to client• Mesh node to mesh node
– Multi-hop Measurements– Placement Schemes
Questions?Questions?