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De
ve
lop
ing
an
An
est
he
sia
Pra
ctic
e:
Ho
w t
o B
eg
in
Pa
ul
W.
Sa
nto
ro M
S,
CR
NA
Ch
ief
Exe
cuti
ve
Off
ice
r
An
est
he
sia
Sta
ffin
g C
on
sult
an
ts,
Inc.
Wh
at
Are
En
tre
pre
ne
urs
?
•S
om
eo
ne
wh
o u
nd
ers
tan
ds
pe
rso
na
l e
con
om
ic r
isk
to
cre
ate
a
ne
w o
rga
niz
ati
on
th
at
wil
l e
xp
loit
a n
ew
te
chn
olo
gy
or
inn
ov
ati
ve
pro
cess
th
at
wil
l g
en
era
te v
alu
e t
o o
the
rs
•H
e g
oe
s o
n t
o s
ay
:
–T
ha
t e
ntr
ep
ren
eu
rs a
re “
mu
tan
ts”
me
an
ing
th
ey
se
em
dif
fere
nt
in
the
ir v
isio
n,
the
ir p
ass
ion
, a
nd
th
eir
en
erg
yth
eir
vis
ion
, th
eir
pa
ssio
n,
an
d t
he
ir e
ne
rgy
–T
he
y a
re u
nli
ke m
ost
pe
op
le i
n t
ha
t th
ey
are
a l
ittl
e c
razy
–F
urt
he
rmo
re e
ntr
ep
ren
eu
rs a
re p
ere
nn
iall
y o
pti
mis
tic:
to
th
em
th
e
gla
ss i
s a
lwa
ys
ha
lf f
ull
–E
ntr
ep
ren
eu
rs t
hin
k t
ha
t o
pti
mis
m le
ad
s to
op
po
rtu
nit
y
Ca
rl J
. S
chra
mm
, T
he
En
tre
pre
ne
uri
al
Imp
era
tiv
e
Wh
at
Are
En
tre
pre
ne
urs
?
•P
eo
ple
wh
o w
ill
wo
rk s
ixty
ho
urs
pe
r w
ee
k
for
the
mse
lve
s so
th
ey
do
n’t
ha
ve
to
wo
rk
fort
yh
ou
rs f
or
som
eo
ne
els
e
HB
DI
An
aly
sis
A Quadrant
•Problem Solving
•Analytical
•Technical
•Mathematical
•Logical
•Artistic
•Holistic
•Imaginative
•Synthesizing
•Conceptualizing
D Quadrant
-1-
Very Strong
(Strongly
Prefer)
-1-
Strong
(Prefer)
-2-
Intermediate
(use)
-3-
Low
2222
2211
0044
881212
5353
6565
6666
132
132
B Quadrant
•Organizational
•Administrative
•Conservative
•Controlled
•Planning
C Quadrant
•Interpersonal
•Emotional
•Musical
•Spiritual
•Talker
Low
(use least)
A B C D
Profile Code:
Adjective Pairs:
Profile Scores:
Quadrant:
Bias Toward Analytical Data
Bias Toward Innovation
Lean toward ‘Long
Term/Technically
Lean toward ‘Short Term
Trials that will Test
Entrepreneurial Mindset
HB
DI
An
aly
sis
Term/Technically
Advanced’ Solutions
Trials that will Test
Hunches’
Lean toward ‘Low Risk/
Low Change’ Solutions
Lean toward ‘People
Oriented/Socially
Desirable’ Solutions
Bias Toward a Known Source
Bias Toward Patterned Data
Mo
tiv
ati
ng
Fa
cto
rs
–C
ash
v.
Co
ntr
ol
–T
he
“A
im”
Mic
ha
el
Ge
rbe
r, T
he
E-M
yth
Re
vis
ite
d
•W
ha
t d
o I
va
lue
?
•W
ha
t k
ind
of
life
do
I w
an
t?•
Wh
at
kin
d o
f li
fe d
o I
wa
nt?
•W
ha
t d
o I
wa
nt
my
lif
e t
o l
oo
k a
nd
fe
el
lik
e?
•W
ho
do
I w
ish
to
be
?
–B
eg
in w
ith
th
e E
nd
in
Min
dS
tep
he
n R
. C
ov
ey,
Th
e 7
Ha
bit
s o
f H
igh
ly E
ffe
ctiv
e P
eo
ple
•B
ase
d o
n t
he
pri
nci
ple
th
at
all
th
ing
s a
re c
rea
ted
tw
ice
. T
he
re’s
a m
en
tal
or
firs
t cr
ea
tio
n,
an
d a
p
hy
sica
l o
r se
con
d c
rea
tio
n t
o a
ll t
hin
gs.
Th
e E
ntr
ep
ren
eu
ria
l P
roce
ss
Th
e E
ntr
ep
ren
eu
ria
l S
eiz
ure
•T
he
“A
ha
a!”
mo
me
nt
Th
e F
ata
l A
ssu
mp
tio
n•
If y
ou
un
de
rsta
nd
th
e t
ech
nic
al
wo
rk o
f a
bu
sin
ess
, •
If y
ou
un
de
rsta
nd
th
e t
ech
nic
al
wo
rk o
f a
bu
sin
ess
, y
ou
un
de
rsta
nd
a b
usi
ne
ss t
ha
t d
oe
s te
chn
ica
l w
ork
•E
xh
ila
rati
on
, Te
rro
r, E
xh
au
stio
n,
De
spa
ir
•T
he
te
chn
icia
n s
uff
eri
ng
fro
m a
n e
ntr
ep
ren
eu
ria
l se
izu
re t
ak
es
the
wo
rk t
he
y l
ov
e a
nd
tu
rns
it i
nto
a j
ob
Mic
ha
el
Ge
rbe
r, T
he
E-M
yth
Re
vis
ite
d
Th
e E
ntr
ep
ren
eu
ria
l P
roce
ss
Opportunity Recognition
Overcoming Entry Barriers
Operational Competencies
New Venture Creation
Figure 1Simplified version of the process model of entrepreneurship
Adapted from Bhave (1994)
Th
e E
ntr
ep
ren
eu
ria
l P
roce
ss
•O
pp
ort
un
ity
Re
cog
nit
ion
-A
SC
–“
Th
um
b A
rea
” ru
ral
ho
spit
als
wit
h s
imil
ar
de
liv
ery
mo
de
ls a
nd
op
era
tio
na
l d
iffi
cult
ies.
–M
ich
iga
n w
as
be
hin
d t
he
na
tio
na
l cu
rve
in
–
Mic
hig
an
wa
s b
eh
ind
th
e n
ati
on
al
curv
e i
n
ph
ysi
cia
n o
wn
ed
am
bu
lato
ry s
urg
ery
ce
nte
rs.
–S
yst
em
ati
c a
pp
roa
ch t
o s
ma
ll c
en
ter
vo
lum
e
flu
ctu
ati
on
wa
s la
ckin
g.
–P
oo
r B
illi
ng
an
d c
oll
ect
ion
fo
r C
RN
A s
erv
ice
s.
Th
e E
ntr
ep
ren
eu
ria
l P
roce
ss
Op
po
rtu
nit
y A
na
lysi
s•
Co
ntr
act
ing
En
tity
–W
ho
wil
l I
sig
n a
co
ntr
act
wit
h?
•H
osp
ita
l, M
an
ag
em
en
t C
om
pa
ny,
Su
rge
on
s,
An
est
he
sio
log
ists
, C
RN
As
•F
ina
nci
al
via
bil
ity
•D
eci
sio
n m
ak
ers
an
d g
ov
ern
an
ce•
De
cisi
on
ma
ke
rs a
nd
go
ve
rna
nce
•E
qu
al
pa
rtn
ers
hip
PC
s–
Ma
na
ge
me
nt
Co
mm
itte
e
•C
orp
ora
te
•E
xclu
siv
ity
•E
qu
ipm
en
t a
nd
su
pp
lie
s
•O
ffic
e S
pa
ce
•A
cce
ss t
o m
ed
ica
l re
cord
s a
nd
pa
tie
nt
info
rma
tio
n
Th
e E
ntr
ep
ren
eu
ria
l P
roce
ss
Op
po
rtu
nit
y A
na
lysi
s•
“Co
mp
an
y M
od
el”
–P
hy
sici
an
ow
ne
d c
en
ter
ob
tain
s a
ne
sth
esi
a b
illi
ng
n
um
be
r a
nd
em
plo
ys
or
con
tra
cts
wit
h a
ne
sth
esi
a
pro
vid
ers
–M
ost
oft
en
sin
gle
sp
eci
alt
y G
I ce
nte
rs
–B
ew
are
of
an
ti-k
ick
ba
ck v
iola
tio
ns
–B
ew
are
of
an
ti-k
ick
ba
ck v
iola
tio
ns
•G
et
form
al
leg
al
rev
iew
–O
pp
ose
d b
y A
SA
–A
AN
A N
eu
tra
l
Th
e E
ntr
ep
ren
eu
ria
l P
roce
ss
Op
po
rtu
nit
y A
na
lysi
s•
Re
ve
nu
e A
na
lysi
s–
Fee
Fo
r S
erv
ice
•C
ase
ty
pe
•C
ase
vo
lum
e
•P
ay
er
mix
–M
ed
ica
re
–M
ed
ica
re
–M
ed
ica
id
–C
om
me
rcia
l
–S
elf
/No
pa
y
•A
ve
rag
e c
ase
tim
es
–C
ash
•
Dir
ect
Pa
tie
nt
Pa
ym
en
t
•Fa
cili
ty o
r S
urg
eo
n
•F
ree
/Pro
fess
ion
al
Co
urt
esy
–C
osm
eti
c R
ev
isio
ns
Th
e E
ntr
ep
ren
eu
ria
l P
roce
ss
Op
po
rtu
nit
y A
na
lysi
s•
Re
ve
nu
e A
na
lysi
s–
Re
ve
nu
e G
ua
ran
tee
s•
Pe
r R
oo
m
•P
er
Mo
nth
, Ye
ar
•F
lex
ible
/Uti
liza
tio
n
•C
ash
v.
Acc
rua
l•
Ca
sh v
. A
ccru
al
–F
ixe
d S
ub
sid
ies
•O
B
•A
dm
inis
tra
tiv
e
•Tr
au
ma
•H
ea
rts
–F
lat
Ma
na
ge
me
nt
Fee
Th
e E
ntr
ep
ren
eu
ria
l P
roce
ss
Op
po
rtu
nit
y A
na
lysi
s•
Ex
pe
nse
An
aly
sis
–S
erv
ice
s•
Cli
nic
al
•N
on
-Cli
nic
al/
Ad
min
istr
ati
ve
–S
urg
ica
l B
lock
Sch
ed
ule
/Ho
urs
of
Op
era
tio
n–
Su
rgic
al
Blo
ck S
che
du
le/H
ou
rs o
f O
pe
rati
on
–O
R E
ffic
ien
cy
–C
all
/Ca
ll B
ack
–O
B/C
on
tin
uo
us
Lab
or
Ep
idu
rals
–C
ash
Flo
w•
Tim
e V
alu
e o
f M
on
ey
Th
e E
ntr
ep
ren
eu
ria
l P
roce
ss
Op
po
rtu
nit
y A
na
lysi
s•
Ex
pe
nse
An
aly
sis
–Ta
xes
–V
aca
tio
n/C
ME
–R
ecr
uit
ing
/HR
Ex
pe
nse
–Le
ga
l–
Leg
al
•C
orp
ora
te O
rga
niz
ati
on
•C
on
tra
ct R
ev
iew
–A
cco
un
tin
g
–C
leri
cal
–B
illi
ng
•B
illi
ng
En
tity
/Pro
vid
er
Nu
mb
er
•C
om
me
rcia
l C
on
tra
cts
Th
e E
ntr
ep
ren
eu
ria
l P
roce
ss
Ov
erc
om
ing
Ba
rrie
rs t
o E
ntr
y
•Le
ga
l a
nd
Re
gu
lato
ry
–B
illi
ng
an
d R
eim
bu
rse
me
nt
–Fe
ar
of
ma
lpra
ctic
e l
aw
suit
s
–P
resc
rip
tiv
e A
uth
ori
ty–
Pre
scri
pti
ve
Au
tho
rity
–P
roh
ibit
ion
s to
ph
ysi
cia
n/n
urs
e p
art
ne
rsh
ips
•K
no
wle
dg
e D
efi
cits
–B
usi
ne
ss p
lan
nin
g
–B
asi
c a
cco
un
tin
g a
nd
fin
an
cia
l m
an
ag
em
en
t
–A
cce
ss t
o e
sse
nti
al
reso
urc
es
–b
an
kin
g,
leg
al,
acc
ou
nti
ng
,
bil
lin
g,
ad
min
istr
ati
ve
su
pp
ort
Th
e E
ntr
ep
ren
eu
ria
l P
roce
ss
Op
era
tio
na
l C
om
pe
ten
cie
s–
Pra
ctic
e M
an
ag
em
en
t•
Cli
nic
al
Ca
re–
Sco
pe
–M
eth
od
s
–B
usi
ne
ss O
pe
rati
on
s•
Fin
an
cia
l M
an
ag
em
en
t•
Fin
an
cia
l M
an
ag
em
en
t–
Bil
lin
g
–A
cco
un
ts R
ece
iva
ble
–A
cco
un
ts P
ay
ab
le
•H
um
an
Re
sou
rce
Ma
na
ge
me
nt
–R
ecr
uit
ing
–S
che
du
lin
g
–E
mp
loy
ee
Ass
ista
nce
Pro
gra
m
•In
form
ati
on
Te
chn
olo
gy
•M
ark
eti
ng
AS
C’s
Co
mp
eti
tiv
e D
iffe
ren
tia
tio
nC
ust
om
er
Se
rvic
e–
We
inte
rna
lize
ou
r cu
sto
me
r’s
go
als
an
d g
o t
o w
ork
fo
r th
em
Fle
xib
le s
taff
ing
–P
ea
k v.
Tro
ug
h s
taff
ing
te
mp
late
s.
–O
pti
miz
e s
taff
ing
eff
icie
ncy
.
–E
con
om
ics
dri
ve c
are
de
live
ry m
od
els
•A
ll C
RN
A•
All
CR
NA
•C
olla
bo
rati
ve/C
on
sult
ati
ve
•M
ed
ica
lly D
ire
cte
d
Fle
xib
le F
ina
nci
al
Arr
an
ge
me
nts
Pro
fess
ion
all
y S
ati
sfy
ing
Fa
mil
y F
rie
nd
ly J
ob
s–
Ou
r cl
inic
ian
s a
re o
ur
“in
tern
al”
cu
sto
me
rs
Turn
-Ke
y, C
on
tra
ct M
an
ag
em
en
t–
Locu
m T
en
en
s A
gen
cy v
. A
ne
sth
esi
a G
rou
p P
hilo
sop
hy
Ne
w V
en
ture
Cre
ati
on
•B
usi
ne
ss P
lan
sA
se
llin
g d
ocu
me
nt
tha
t co
nv
ey
s th
e e
xcit
em
en
t a
nd
pro
mis
e o
f y
ou
r b
usi
ne
ss t
o a
ny
p
ote
nti
al
ba
cke
rs o
r st
ake
ho
lde
rs
–Tr
ad
itio
na
l•
Co
ve
r P
ag
e
•E
xecu
tiv
e S
um
ma
ry
•Ta
ble
of
Co
nte
nts
•T
he
Bu
sin
ess
Co
nce
pt
•T
he
Bu
sin
ess
Co
nce
pt
•T
he
Ma
na
ge
me
nt
Tea
m
•M
ark
et
An
aly
sis
•P
roce
ss A
na
lysi
s
•O
rga
niz
ati
on
al
Pla
n
•M
ark
eti
ng
Pla
n
•F
ina
nci
al
Pla
n
•G
row
th P
lan
•A
pp
en
dic
es
an
d S
up
po
rtin
g D
ocu
me
nts
Sh
ire
y, M
R,
Th
e E
ntr
ep
ren
eu
r a
nd
th
e B
usi
ne
ss P
lan
. C
lin
ica
l N
urs
e S
pe
cia
list
, 2
00
7
Ne
w V
en
ture
Cre
ati
on
•B
usi
ne
ss P
lan
s
–Tr
ad
itio
na
l
•P
urp
ose
s
–To
ob
tain
ba
nk
fin
an
cin
g
–To
ob
tain
in
ve
stm
en
t fu
nd
s–
To o
bta
in i
nv
est
me
nt
fun
ds
–To
arr
an
ge
str
ate
gic
all
ian
ces
–To
ob
tain
la
rge
co
ntr
act
s
–To
se
ll y
ou
rse
lf o
n t
he
bu
sin
ess
–To
att
ract
ke
y e
mp
loy
ee
s
–To
co
mp
lete
me
rge
rs a
nd
acq
uis
itio
ns
–To
mo
tiv
ate
an
d f
ocu
s th
e m
an
ag
em
en
t te
am
Ne
w V
en
ture
Cre
ati
on
•B
usi
ne
ss P
lan
s
–“J
ust
Do
it”
•T
he
re i
s li
ttle
co
ncr
ete
ev
ide
nce
to
su
gg
est
ela
bo
rate
bu
sin
ess
pla
ns
corr
ela
te w
ith
hig
he
r le
ve
ls o
f su
cce
ss
•U
tili
ze b
asi
c fi
na
nci
al
pro
ject
ion
s•
Uti
lize
ba
sic
fin
an
cia
l p
roje
ctio
ns
•P
lan
nin
g s
till
occ
urs
bu
t in
le
ss f
orm
al
wa
y
•T
ho
ug
ht
pro
cess
es
are
sim
ila
r to
ev
ide
nce
d b
ase
d c
lin
ica
l
ass
ess
me
nt,
tre
atm
en
t a
nd
fo
llo
w-u
p
•A
pp
rop
ria
te f
or
sma
lle
r, l
ess
co
mp
lica
ted
ve
ntu
res
•M
ust
un
de
rsta
nd
wh
en
to
se
ek
ou
tsid
e c
on
sult
ati
on
Sh
ire
y, M
R,
Th
e E
ntr
ep
ren
eu
r a
nd
th
e B
usi
ne
ss P
lan
. C
lin
ica
l N
urs
e S
pe
cia
list
, 2
00
7
Th
e E
ntr
ep
ren
eu
ria
l Pro
cess
Init
ial A
SC O
rga
niz
ati
on
Ch
art
Paul W. Santoro
Shareholders
Paul W. Santoro
Chief Operating Officer
Paul W. Santoro
Vice President/
Operations
Paul W. Santoro
Vice President/
Marketing
Paul W. Santoro
Vice President/
Finance
Paul W. Santoro
Production
Manager
Paul W. Santoro
Service Manager
Paul W. Santoro
Facilities Manager
Paul W. Santoro
Sales Manager
Paul W. Santoro
Advertising/
Research Manager
Paul W. Santoro
Accounts
Receivable
Manager
Paul W. Santoro
Accounts Payable
Manager
Curren
t Service
Loca
tions
•Bingham
Farms
•Birmingham
•Bloomfield Hills
•Brownstown Twp
•Cheb
oyg
an
•East Lan
sing
•Farmington Hills
•Flin
t
•Hillsd
ale
•Jackson
•Jackson
•Lan
sing
•Midland
•Novi
•Port Huron
•Sag
inaw
•Southfield
•Trenton
•Troy
•Utica
•Warren
•West Bloomfield
•Ypsilanti
An
est
he
sia
Sta
ffin
g C
on
sult
an
ts
Org
an
iza
tio
na
l Ch
art
An
est
he
sia
Sta
ffin
g C
on
sult
an
ts
Re
ven
ue
Gro
wth
ASC
Re
ven
ue
Gro
wth
$1
2,0
00
,00
0.0
0
$1
4,0
00
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20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
An
est
he
sia
Ca
se V
olu
me
20
04
-2
01
0
20
07
Ern
st &
Yo
un
g
En
tre
pre
ne
ur
of
the
Ye
ar
Fin
alis
t
An
est
he
sia
Sta
ffin
g C
on
sult
an
ts,
Inc.
MH
A A
cce
pta
nce
Outpatient Surgery Magazine –January 2010
An
est
he
sia
Sta
ffin
g C
on
sult
an
ts h
as
be
en
Re
-Ce
rtif
ied
by
Th
e J
oin
t C
om
mis
sio
n
•B
ing
ha
m F
arm
s, M
I (S
ep
tem
be
r 3
0,
20
09
) -
An
est
he
sia
Sta
ffin
g C
on
sult
an
ts,
Inc.
ha
s a
chie
ved
th
e G
old
Se
al
of
Ap
pro
val™
fo
r H
ea
lth
Ca
re S
taff
ing
Serv
ice
s fr
om
th
e J
oin
t C
om
mis
sio
n.
• •A
ne
sth
esi
a S
taff
ing
Co
nsu
lta
nts
, In
c. u
nd
erw
en
t it
s se
con
d u
na
nn
ou
nce
d, o
n-s
ite
re
vie
w o
f it
s co
mp
lian
ce w
ith
na
tio
na
l sta
nd
ard
s, a
dd
ress
ing
ho
w
sta
ffin
g f
irm
s d
ete
rmin
e t
he
qu
alif
ica
tio
ns
an
d c
om
pe
ten
cy o
f th
eir
sta
ff,
ho
w t
he
y p
lace
th
eir
sta
ff,
an
d h
ow
th
ey
mo
nit
or
sta
ff’s
pe
rfo
rma
nce
.
• •“H
ea
lth
ca
re o
rga
niz
ati
on
s th
at
con
tra
ct w
ith
An
est
he
sia
Sta
ffin
g C
on
sult
an
ts,
Inc.
ca
n lo
ok
to t
his
ce
rtif
ica
tio
n a
s a
n a
ssu
ran
ce t
ha
t A
ne
sth
esi
a
Sta
ffin
g C
on
sult
an
ts,
Inc.
de
mo
nst
rate
s a
co
mm
itm
en
t to
pro
vid
ing
an
d c
on
tin
uo
usl
y im
pro
vin
g q
ua
lity
serv
ice
s,”
says
Mic
he
le S
acc
o,
M.S
., e
xecu
tive
dir
ect
or,
He
alt
h C
are
Sta
ffin
g S
erv
ice
s C
ert
ific
ati
on
, Jo
int
Co
mm
issi
on
.
• •T
he
on
go
ing
sh
ort
ag
es
of
nu
rse
s, p
ha
rma
cist
s a
nd
oth
er
he
alt
h c
are
pro
fess
ion
als
ha
ve f
orc
ed
he
alt
h c
are
org
an
iza
tio
ns
to in
cre
asi
ng
ly f
ill p
osi
tio
ns
•T
he
on
go
ing
sh
ort
ag
es
of
nu
rse
s, p
ha
rma
cist
s a
nd
oth
er
he
alt
h c
are
pro
fess
ion
als
ha
ve f
orc
ed
he
alt
h c
are
org
an
iza
tio
ns
to in
cre
asi
ng
ly f
ill p
osi
tio
ns
wit
h t
em
po
rary
wo
rke
rs t
hro
ug
h c
on
tra
ctu
al a
rra
ng
em
en
ts w
ith
sta
ffin
g f
irm
s. T
he
Jo
int
Co
mm
issi
on
’s c
ert
ific
ati
on
pro
gra
m,
lau
nch
ed
in O
cto
be
r
20
04
, o
ffe
rs a
n in
de
pe
nd
en
t, c
om
pre
he
nsi
ve e
valu
ati
on
of
a s
taff
ing
fir
m’s
ab
iliti
es
to p
rovi
de
co
mp
ete
nt
sta
ffin
g s
erv
ice
s.
• •“R
e-c
ert
ific
ati
on
re
cog
niz
es
An
est
he
sia
Sta
ffin
g C
on
sult
an
ts I
nc’
s co
nti
nu
ing
de
dic
ati
on
in p
rovi
din
g C
RN
As
an
d a
ne
sth
esi
olo
gis
ts t
ha
t a
re q
ua
lifie
d t
o
pro
vid
e s
afe
, h
igh
-qu
alit
y ca
re t
o p
ati
en
ts,”
sa
ys P
resi
de
nt
an
d C
hie
f E
xecu
tive
Off
ice
r, P
au
l Sa
nto
ro,
CR
NA
, M
S. “
We
’re
pro
ud
to
re
ceiv
e t
he
Jo
int
Co
mm
issi
on
’s G
old
Se
al
of
Ap
pro
val™
.”
• •A
bo
ut
the
Jo
int
Co
mm
issi
on
•Fo
un
de
d in
19
51
, T
he
Jo
int
Co
mm
issi
on
se
eks
to
co
nti
nu
ou
sly
imp
rove
th
e s
afe
ty a
nd
qu
alit
y o
f ca
re p
rovi
de
d t
o t
he
pu
blic
th
rou
gh
th
e p
rovi
sio
n o
f
he
alt
h c
are
acc
red
ita
tio
n a
nd
re
late
d s
erv
ice
s th
at
sup
po
rt p
erf
orm
an
ce i
mp
rove
me
nt
in h
ea
lth
ca
re o
rga
niz
ati
on
s. A
n in
de
pe
nd
en
t, n
ot-
for-
pro
fit
org
an
iza
tio
n, t
he
Jo
int
Co
mm
issi
on
is
the
na
tio
n's
old
est
an
d la
rge
st s
tan
da
rds-
sett
ing
an
d a
ccre
dit
ing
bo
dy
in h
ea
lth
ca
re.
Lea
rn m
ore
ab
ou
t th
e
Join
t C
om
mis
sio
n a
t w
ww
.jo
intc
om
mis
sio
n.o
rg.
Re
com
me
nd
ati
on
s•
Ed
uca
tio
n–
Bro
ad
ba
sed
–F
ina
nci
al M
an
ag
em
en
t
–In
form
ati
cs
•R
eim
bu
rse
me
nt
–T
hir
d P
art
y R
eco
gn
itio
n
–C
om
pe
te o
n P
rice
•Le
ga
l a
nd
Re
gu
lato
ry–
Ph
ysic
ian
Su
pe
rvis
ion
–A
MA
Sco
pe
of
Pra
ctic
e P
art
ne
rsh
ip–
AM
A S
cop
e o
f P
ract
ice
Pa
rtn
ers
hip
–P
resc
rip
tive
Au
tho
rity
–N
urs
ing
Lic
en
sure
Co
mp
act
s
•O
rga
niz
ati
on
al
Re
pre
sen
tati
on
–C
om
mit
tee
s
–M
ed
ica
l Sta
ff
•R
ese
arc
h–
Cli
nic
al
Ou
tco
me
–E
con
om
ic I
mp
act
•P
oli
cy–
Em
bra
ce C
on
sum
er
Ch
oic
e
–Fo
cus
on
Ou
tpu
ts r
ath
er
tha
n I
np
uts
Qu
est
ion
sQ
ue
stio
ns
