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Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s1
Why Do We Care About Water??
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s2
What are the resources?
More than 3.5 million miles of rivers and streams (including intermittent streams)
www.noaa.gov/str-plan/images/river.gif
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s3
How do people use freshwater resources?
Beneficial uses of water
http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/circ/circ1156/circ1156.4D.html
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s4
Aquatic life and wildlife support Fish/shellfish consumption Drinking water supply Recreation Agriculture
Beneficial uses: Summary
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s5
Beneficial uses: Aquatic life and wildlife support
The waterbody provides suitable habitat for survival and reproduction of desirable fish, shellfish, and other aquatic organisms
http://www.pnl.gov/breakthroughs/images/fall02/fish.jpg
Don Breneman
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s6
The water body supports populations that do not pose a human health risk to consumers: Fish free from contaminants Shellfish free from toxicants and pathogens
Beneficial uses: Fish and shellfish consumption
http://seagrant.umn.edu/pubs/vgl/com3.html http://hawaii.gov/health/eh/food/
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s7
http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/dw/
Beneficial uses: Drinking water supply
The water body can supply safe drinking water with conventional treatment
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s8
Beneficial uses: Recreation
Primary contact recreation - Swimming People can swim in the
waterbody without risk of adverse human health effects (such as catching waterborne diseases from raw sewage contamination)
Secondary contact recreation People can perform activities
on the water (such as canoeing) without risk of adverse human health effects from occasional contact with the water
http://www.recreation.gov/FWSimgs/
http://www.recreation.gov/USACEimgs/
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s9
Beneficial uses: Agriculture
Agriculture The water quality is suitable for irrigating fields or
watering livestock
http://www.florence.ars.usda.gov/kidsonly/element/dirtcp3.jpg
http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/graphics/photos/jul02/k4117-15i.jpg
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s10
Other beneficial uses
Landscaping Power generation Industrial processing and/or cooling
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wsd/wateruse/images/sprinkler.jpghttp://www.seagrant.umn.edu/pubs/vgl/medium/168.jpg
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s11
How Might Water Quality be Damaged?
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s12
Water quality degradation
http://geo.arc.nasa.gov/sge/casa/california.html
http://lakeaccess.org/lakedata/lawnfertilizer/studydesign.htm
http://www.epa.gov/region09/features/animalwaste/images/fish.jpg
http://www.seagrant.umn.edu/pubs/vgl/medium/168.jpg
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s13
Beneficial uses: Aquatic life and wildlife support Fish/shellfish consumption Drinking water supply Recreation Agriculture
Water quality degradation
http://drinkingwater.utah.gov/
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s14
Percentage of assessed river miles impaired by leading pollutants or stressors: (39% or 269,258 miles impaired)
Water quality degradation: River stressors
Source: Based on 2000 state Section 305(b) reports.
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s15
Percentage of assessed river miles impaired by specific sources (39% or 269,258 miles impaired)
Water quality degradation: River pollutant sources
Source: Based on 2000 state Section 305(b) reports.
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s16
What is it? How does it differ from Point Source?
Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution
ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1994/ 102-9/focusnonpoint.JPG
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s17
Nonpoint source pollution: What is it?
•ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1994/ 102-9/focusnonpoint.JPG
ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1994/ 102-9/focusnonpoint.JPG
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s18
NPS pollution: Characteristics
Occurs over extensive areas
Enters receiving water in a diffuse manner
Carried by water over land or through soil profile to receiving water
Difficult to trace to point of origin
Magnitude related to climatic events
http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/watersheds/green/img/Green-River-Flooding-1995.jpg
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s19
NPS pollution: Sources of pollutants
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s20
NPS pollution: Impact from leading stressors
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s21
NPS pollution: Urban storm water
From streets, yards, buildings, and construction sites
Grease, salts, animal wastes, nutrients, sediments, lead, others
http://www.lanl.gov/orgs/pa/News/ParkingClosed.jpg
http://www.planthealth.gov.mt/pest03.JPG
http://lakeaccess.org/lakedata/lawnfertilizer/studydesign.htm
http://www.mqtinfo.org/media/planningeduc/runoff_1.jpg
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s22
NPS pollution
Agricultural Nutrients, sediment, pesticides, herbicides
http://www.usda.gov/oc/photo/b93c3671.jpg
http://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/SNT/images/wu108f08.jpghttp://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/biotechnology/Images/b94c3886.jpg
http://www.iird.vic.gov.au/Web/ORR/ORR.nsf/ImageLookup/Graphics4/$file/spraying.gif
http://pwa.ars.usda.gov/pendleton/cpcrc/snowmelt.gif
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s23
NPS pollution
Forestry / Logging Sediments Pesticides
http://www.em.gov.bc.ca/mining/Geolsurv/Surficial/landslid/plate3.jpg logged
http://www.nps.gov/jofl/resources/connie200x150.jpg
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s24
NPS pollution
Mining Sediments Drainage waters with
low pH Heavy metals and
other hazardous mineral
http://www.algor.com/news_pub/cust_app/Colorado_Mines/images%5Cosmre-gov-photo147.jpg
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s25
NPS pollution
Atmospheric deposition Carbon dioxide - acid rain Pesticides, herbicides Sediment Mercury, PCBs, others
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s26
Fracking
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s27
How Do We Protect Our Water?
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s28
What can be done to manage the problem?
Nonpoint source pollution: NPS
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s29
How Do We Know if We Are Successful?
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s30
Monitoring and Assesment
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s31
Beneficial uses:
Water quality for the beneficial uses can be degraded by human actions or natural events
The US Environmental Protection Agency is a major federal agency responsible for monitoring and assessing water quality
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s32
Beneficial uses: Monitoring program questions
What is the overall quality of waters in the State? To what extent is water quality changing over
time? What are the problem areas and areas needing
protection? The State must identify impaired waters. The State should also identify waters that are
currently of high quality and should be protected from degradation
What level of protection is needed? How effective are clean water projects and
programs?
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s33
Beneficial uses: Five levels of water use
1. Fully supporting overall use All designated beneficial uses are fully supported
2. Threatened overall use One or more designated beneficial uses are threatened
and the remaining uses are fully supported
3. Partially supporting overall use One or more designated beneficial uses are partially
supported and the remaining uses are fully supported
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s34
Beneficial uses: Five levels of water use
4. Not supporting overall use One or more designated beneficial uses are not
supported
5. Not attainable The State has performed a use-attainability study
and documented that use support of one or more designated beneficial uses is not achievable due to natural conditions or human activity that cannot be reversed without imposing widespread economic and social impacts
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s35
Water quality degradation: River use support
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s36
Water quality: Assessments problems
Not all bodies of water are assessed Only a small
percentage per yearSupposedly all within a 5 to 10 year window
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s37
Water quality: Assessments problems
Intermittent and small tributaries are either not assessed or are very infrequently measured
States tend to focus on known problems Random surveys are rare
States have varying standards Concentration on 2 of 6 use supports Fish advisories not included
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s38
What would You Assess?
What data would you want?
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s39
Can You Put Your Data in Categories?
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s40
Proposed Categories
Physical Chemical Biological
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s41
Are These Independent Variables?
How might they relate…if they do?
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s42
Building Your Stream Model
Emphasize Relationships Visualize Your Stream
The memory map
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s43
Four dimensions: Longitudinal Lateral Vertical Time
Lotic systems
www.aquatic.uoguelph.ca/rivers/chintro.htm
The four dimensions of a lotic system
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s44
The shape, size and content of a river are constantly changing, forming a close and mutual interdependence between the river and the land it traverses.
www.aquatic.uoguelph.ca/rivers/chintro.htm
Variation in time and space
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s45
The Delaware River Watershed Initiative
DRWI You will be submitting data to ANS
Academy of Natural Sciences Data retained forever
You will be presenting your data Best presentation recognized by DRWI/ANS/PKC
You will work to protect our water Part of something big
You Matter!
Developed by: Svendsen Updated: 12-2003 U1-m1a-s46
Water on the Web