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DEVELOPED BY
RASHMI SINGHR.P.V.V.SHALIMAR BAGH DELHIKIRTI VAID
G.G.S.S.NO-3
WEST PATEL NAGAR N.D.
TARGET AUDIENCE
AGE GROUP 12 TO 15 YEARS
CLASS VIII & IX
OBJECTIVES
•Formation of river.
•History of Himalaya.
•Physical features of Himalayan rivers.
•Religious features of Himalayan rivers.
•Location of Himalayan rivers on map of India.
•Trekking of Himalaya.
•Importance of rivers
Rivers begin in the upper reaches of a watershed (a watershed is the land drained by a specific river and its tributaries). A river’s headwaters could start as snow melting from rocky mountain peaks or as a little stream bubbling up from a forest floor.
How rivers are born?
How rivers are born
These trickles, also called rills, form streams. When enough streams flow together, they form a river. The streams that flow into rivers are called the river's tributaries. of the sea.
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How rivers are born
As a river continues downstream, it typically runs more slowly over leveler ground. A river’s final destination is the ocean.
An estuary is where the river’s freshwater meets the salt water of the sea.
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Why protect rivers?Why should we care about rivers?
What's the recipe for a healthy river? Click here for this and some scintillating river trivia...
OUR COMMUNITY
Take any community with a clean, healthy river. Chances are, that community has a high quality of life. A river and its associated parks and pathways provide places for people to gather, take walks, and go boating and fishing.
A river provides marvelous learning opportunities for kids, weaving together diverse topics like ecology, physics, art, politics, literature, and history. Taking care of rivers now is one way we can pass along a better world to future generations.
OUR KIDS
Freshwater species--the fish, snails, amphibians, mussels, and other species on the planet. They're dying out five times faster than animals that live on land and three times faster than marine mammals.
FISH & WILDLIFE
Protecting and restoring river habitat can save these animals from extinction animals that live in our rivers and streams--are the most threatened
FISH & WILDLIFE
The Himalayas are not merely a geographical feature, a range of mountains; they epitomise a people’s civilisational identity that goes back to the dawn of history.
HISTORY OF HIMALAYA
If these majestic mountains were not there, the rain cloudssweeping up from the Indian Ocean would have passed over the Indian
HISTORY OF HIMALAYA
RAVI RIVER
Now one only has to hear the outpourings of young hearts in Chamba celebrating the beauty of love and nature to know that the spirit of the Ravi is the same everywhere
HISTORY OF HIMALAYA
Archaeological evidence reveals that urban civilisation first emerged in the valleys of the rivers coursing down from the Himalayan mountains
MAJOR HIMALAYAN RIVERS
Rippling along rough surfaces and the beautiful meadows, the numerous rivers that dot Indian mainland are central to our history as well as to Indian mythology. The main rivers of the Himalayas group are the Indus, the legendary Ganga and the Brahmaputra.
MAJOR HIMALAYAN RIVERS
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These rivers are both snow-fed and rain-fed and therefore perennially flow throughout the year. Himalayan rivers discharge about 70% of their inflow into the sea. This includes about 5% from central Indian rivers. They join the Ganga and drain into the Bay of Bengal.
MAJOR HIMALAYAN RIVERS
HIMALAYAN
HIMALAYAN RIVERSIndus, Ganga, Brahmaputra
HIMALAYAN RIVERS
IndusHIMALAYAN
Thereafter it follows a north by northwest course between the towering Ladakh range in the north and the Zanskar Range in the south. There are a number of human settlements that lie along the Indus River in Ladakh, namely Leh, Marol, Skardu and Bunji. ....
INDUS RIVER
The Trans Himalayan Indus River rises near the Mansarovar Lake on the Tibetan plateau. It enters the Himalayas in southeastern Ladakh near its confluence with the River Gurtang at an elevation of 4,200m.
INDUS RIVER
The very names of these rivers roll like music-Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej. Their ancient names were more musical still: "Vitasta", "Askini", "Irawati", "Vipasha" and
"Shatadru" ....
FIVE SISTERS
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SUTLEJBEASRAVI
JHELUM CHENAB
RAVI RIVER
There is something intrinsically romantic about the river Ravi. In divided Punjab used to ring with the haunting strains of love songs sung on the banks of the Ravi, which flowed past the elite city of Lahore
JHELUM RIVER
The Jhelum flows from the spring known as Verinag, 80-km south of Srinagar. This wide, swift flowing, muddy but picturesque river sweeps through Srinagar and is famed for its nine old bridges among many things else.
Chandra River is one of the two rivers; the other one is Bhaga, which merges to form the Chenab in the Lahaul region of Himachal Pradesh. It rises in the snows lying at the base of the main Himalayan range in the Lahaul and Spiti district
CHENAB RIVER
The Beas forms the valleys of Kullu and Kangra, famed for their beauty. But ironically, its source is an insignificant looking igloo like structure near Rohtang Pass in Pir Panjal range to the north of Kullu.
BEAS RIVER
BEAS RIVER
On account of its snow-fed, perennial tributaries, its inflow increases greatly during the monsoons, sometimes resulting in floods.
BEAS RIVER
At the Pandoh, in Mandi district, the waters of the Beas have been diverted to the Sutlej through 53-km of tunnel, with the Pong Dam constructed on the Beas, for the purpose of increasing the hydroelectric power supply.
The main thrust of this river is southward to Larji and then to the west. Where it enters Mandi district and further still into Kangra .
BEAS RIVER
SATLUJ RIVER
River Sutlej takes birth on the southern slopes of the holiest of mountains - Kailash, near the holiest of lakes Mansarovar. After a long run, parallel to the Himalayas, it finally penetrates these at Shipki pass.
SATLUJ RIVER
Later it cuts through the Zanskar range, makes a diagonal thrust through the Himalayas and blasts a deep gorge at the base of the Kinner Kailash massif. Within Kinnaur district, the Sutlej runs parallel to the Hindustan-Tibet Road.
Regions : Spiti, Himachal Pradesh
Major Settlements : Hansi And Dhankar Gompa
The Spiti River, which rises just below the 16,000 ft high Kunzum Pass. After flowing for about 60 miles, it joins the Sutlej River near the Namgiya in Kinnaur district .
SPITI RIVER
The valley of Spiti derives its name from village of Namgiya in Kinnaur district. En route it is fed several streams - Pin Cholmo, Gyundi, Rahtang, Ulah, Lungse, Mane, Surahi, Hanze, Tagling, Thumpa Lumpa, Kaza, Lingti, Parechu and Tabo.
SPITI RIVER
Regions : Spiti, Himachal Pradesh
Major Settlements :
Hansi And Dhankar Gompa
The Spiti River, which rises just below the 16,000 ft high Kunzum Pass. After flowing for about 60 miles, it The the Sutlej River near the
Spiti River
Regions : Spiti, Himachal Pradesh
Major Settlements :
Hansi And Dhankar Gompa
HIMALAYAN RIVERSGanga
HIMALAYAN
The holiest of all the rivers, Ganga or the Ganges is a perennial river, which is held in high regard by the Hindus. The Ganga river has an exalted position in the Hindu ethos.
GANGA RIVER
RISHIKESH
The Gangotri Glacier, a vast expanse of ice five miles by fifteen, at the foothills of the Himalayas (14,000 ft) in north Uttar Pradesh is the source of Bhagirathi, which joins with Alaknanda, to form Ganga at the craggy, canyon-carved town of Devprayag.
GANGA RIVER
RISHIKESH
Yamuna, also called as “Jamuna”, originates from the Bundar Poonch glaciers in district Uttarkashi of the state of Uttaranchal. It rises from Jamunotri, in the Himalayas. River Tons, which flows along the boundary of Himachal Pradesh, west of district Tehri Garhwal joins Yamuna River at Kalsi and thereafter joins the plains.
YAMUNA RIVER
From Kalsi, the river flows along the boundary of Himachal Pradesh. Yamuna flows in a southerly direction through the Himalayan foothills and onto the northern Indian plain, along the Uttar Pradesh-Haryana State border. The Eastern and Western Yamuna canals are fed from the river at that point.
YAMUNA RIVER
BHRAMPUTRA RIVER
One of the great rivers of Asia, the Brahmaputra commences its 3,000-km journey to the Bay of Bengal from the slopes of Kailash in western Tibet. As Tibet's great river, the Tsangpo, transverses east across the high-altitude Tibetan plateau north of the Great Himalayan Range, carving out myriad channels and sandbanks on its way.
BHRAMPUTRA RIVER
BHRAMPUTRA RIVER
As it tumbles from the Himalayan heights towards the plains of the subcontinent it twists back on itself, cutting a deep and still unnavigated gorge, until finally turning south it emerges in Arunachal Pradesh as the Dihong. Just beyond Pasighat, it meets the Dibang and Lohit where it finally becomes the Brahmaputra.
TREKKING
Nand Devi National Park
Kumaun: Nanda Devi Sanctuary
Right up in the northern most frontiers of the Kumaon Himalayas, the Johar Valley remains till today one of the less frequented but well coveted destinations for the true lovers of the Himalayas. Nanda Devi needs no introduction.
Nand Devi National Park
Kumaun: Nanda Devi Sanctuary
Ever since the closure of the sanctuary, knowledge about this cross section of the Himalayas continues to be the preserve of books and periodicals only. But lately with relaxation of the innerline permit it has now become possible to walk upto the Nanda Devi base camp through the Johar Valley from Munsiyari.
Kurgiak Nala, Zanskar
Ladakh: Across Zanskar
This vast high-altitude desert dotted with Tibetan-style mud villages is cut off from the world for six months of the year by deep snow and raging rivers.
Kurgiak Nala, Zanskar
Ladakh: Across Zanskar
Start trekking from the monastery at Lamayuru and head south to 17,000-foot Singi La and descend to the Zanskar River. Follow it for three days to Padum, a village of mud and stone where yaks crowd the main square.
Kurgiak Nala, Zanskar
Ladakh: Across Zanskar
Continue south along the river to Kargya and over Shingo La to the southern trailhead at Darcha. Count on about three weeks. Although maximum altitudes are not unusual by Himalayan standards, you'll spend many days at a time on a high plateau at altitudes above 13,000 feet.
Prayer flags visible through themist on the breathtaking vantage point of Guicha La
Sikkim: Guicha La
No more than a few dozen Americans trek in Sikkim each year. Tucked between Nepal and Bhutan. Trekking by foreigners is strictly limited to only a few routes, in guided groups only.
Prayer flags visible through themist on the breathtaking vantage point of Guicha La
Sikkim: Guicha La
The best (and most popular) trail leads from the village of Yuksum to a 16,400 foot pass, Guucha La, which lies directly beneath the main summit of 28,000-foot Kanchenjunga, third highest peak in the world.
Prayer flags visible through the mist on the
breathtaking vantage point of Guicha La
Sikkim: Guicha La
The out-and-back route, which takes about ten days to negotiate, passes through Phedang, Dzongri, and Jemathang. (These are place names only; there is only one small village above Yuksum.)
The best (and most popular) trail leads from the village of Yuksum to a 16,400 foot pass, Guucha La, which lies directly beneath the main summit of 28,000-foot Kanchenjunga, third highest peak in the world.
Pin Parvati Pass
No more than a few dozen Americans trek in Sikkim each year. Tucked between Nepal and Bhutan. Trekking by foreigners is strictly limited to only a few routes, in guided groups only.
Pin Parvati Pass
(The out-and-back route, which takes about ten days to negotiate, passes through Phedang, Dzongri, and Jemathang. These are place names only; there is only one small village above Yuksum.)
Pin Parvati Pass
Garhwarl: Roopkund Trek
Situated at a height of 5029 mtrs in the lap of Trishul massif. This area is usually called the 'Mystery Lake', since human skeletons and remains of horses from the age of Paleolithic age were found here.
Garhwarl: Roopkund Trek
The lake is surrounded by rock-strewn glaciers and snow clad peaks. The starting point of the trek is Debal, easily approached by motor from Almora town.
Garhwarl Roopkund Trek
The route passes through lush green grassy land and conifer forests clinging onto the slopes of hills. The trek thereafter winds it's way along the Pinder river. Then to round off this trek, one can approach Homekund via Shail Samudra glacier and then move on to Ghat or Nandprayag (in Chamoli district in the Garhwal region).
Trek to Amarnath Cave
Kashmir: AmarnathTrek
The Cave of Amarnath, lying at an height of 3952 Mtrs. is a famous holy place of pilgrimage for the Hindus and is held in the same veneration as Mount Kailash in Tibet. The sacred Cave contains a Shiva Lingam formed of Ice, the size of which increases or decreases according to the position of the Moon.
Trek to Amarnath Cave
Kashmir Amarnath Trek
Usually there is a big Festival in the 3rd week of August every year thousands of people from all over the country and from different parts of the world visit this Cave. The difficulty of the pilgrimage continues in itself, an extra ordinary sacrifice. The trek is so beautiful, its a must for every mountain lover.
Garhwal: Lord Curzon Trail/Kuari Pass Trek
The route is through various remote villages in the wilderness where the civilized world has not yet managed to cast its shadow….
Garhwal: Lord Curzon Trail/Kuari Pass Trek
The area here is really wild because the higher reaches of the river in the valley have not yet been fully explored. En route one can get splendid view of various uncharted lakes especially the Gauna Lake.
Garhwal: Lord Curzon Trail/Kuari Pass Trek
Considered by many as characteristically the most beautiful trek in the Garhwal Himalayas, the Kauri Pass is a once in a lifetime experience.
Garhwal: Lord Curzon Trail/Kuari Pass Trek
The route is through various remote villages in the wilderness where the civilized world has not yet managed to cast its shadow. The pass (Khal) is approached through a narrow goat track at an elevation of 4265 mts. in the heart of Chamoli District.
The glorious view of the imposing eastern peaks of the Garhwal Himalayas is unforgettably enchanting. They appear so close with their grand glittering snow caps that one feels like almost touching them. If the weather is clear then the peaks visible from Kuari Pass areNandadevi, Dunagiri, Bethartoli, Devasthan, etc. Since Lord Curzon once trekked upto Kauri Pass,the trail is known as Curzon trail.
Garhwal: Lord Curzon Trail/Kuari Pass Trek
Garhwal: Gangotri Glacier Trek
The Gangotri Glacier is one of the longest and, for Hindus, most sacred glaciers in the Himalaya.
Garhwal: Gangotri Glacier Trek
Because of the road, it is very accessible, but visitors who wish to proceed beyond Gangotri Temple must make sure they are properly acclimatised after the rapid ascent in altitude. Spend at least two nights in Gangotri before going on.
Garhwal: Gangotri Glacier Trek
The Gangotri Temple (3048m/l0000ft), where devotees have worshipped for centuries, lies on the right bank of the river.
Garhwal: Gangotri Glacier Trek
The head of the Gangotri Glacier was once located here and the slopes nearby mark the glacier bed. In the background rises the majestic peak of Sudarshan Parvat.
Brammah(left) and Sickle Moon peaks seen from Indrahar pass
Himachal: Indrahar Pass - DhaulaDhar
The Dhauladhar, which rises steeply from the plains of Punjab, is a great mountain getaway from Delhi and it takes only a few hours to reach the foothills.
Brammah(left) and Sickle Moon peaks seen from Indrahar pass
Himachal: Indrahar Pass - DhaulaDhar
This range, though comparatively small by Himalayan standards, offers some exhilarating trekking and wonderful panoramic views of beautiful sunsets over the Punjab plains. Kuarsi and Machhetar.
Brammah(left) and Sickle Moon peaks seen from Indrahar pass
Himachal: Indrahar Pass -DhaulaDhar
For climbers these small peaks offer challenges that could keep them busy for years to come. The route to the pass is very beautiful and exotic, through Eagles's Crest, Tiund, Llaka Glacier, Kuarsi and Machhetar.
Kinnaur: Across Charang Ghati Pass
Buddhists and Hindus there is a Amongst tradition of circumambulation (walking around in a circle) . This form of worship, called parikrama, is always done from left to right in a clockwise direction so that the deity, statue or icon is always on the right.
Kinnaur: Across Charang Ghati Pass
Lamas (priests) and pilgrims cross the Charang Ghati to complete the circuit around this range, whose highest peak is Jorkand(6373m/20408ft).
Kinnaur: Across Charang Ghati Pass
Since 1994, when the area was opened to tourists, this has become a popular trek. A great variety of scenery, local temples and the culture of the Kinnauris can be seen along the route.
Kinnaur: Across Charang Ghati Pass
There may be a lot of snow on the pass until mid-July. August and September are the best months for crossing and for observing several local festivals on the way.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT•We are highly thankful to Mr. Vinod Sodi,
• Mr. Naresh Kapoor, Mrs. Renu , Miss Deepa & all the members of S.C.E.R.T.
•Yahoo ! Search results for Himalayan rivers.
•Himalayan Rivers , Rivers in himalayan mountain Range.
•American Rivers – the story of rivers.
