DEVELOP INDIA English Weekly NewspaperAllahabad; Sunday; Year 4, Vol. 1, Issue 186, 26 Feb - 4 March, 2012

DEVELOP INDIA

English Weekly Newspaper11111

DEVELOP INDIAEnglish Weekly Newspaper

YEAR 4, VOL. 1, ISSUE 186, 26 FEB - 4 MARCH, 2012

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84TH ACADEMY AWARDST

he 84th Academy Awards ceremony, hosted by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored the best films of 2011. The ceremony took place on February 26, 2012, at the Hollywood and HighlandCenter in Hollywood, California, and was televised live in the United States on ABC. The event was hosted by Billy Crystal, marking his ninth time as host, and produced by Brian Grazer. Eddie Murphy was originallyscheduled to be the host, and Brett Ratner was to be producer. However, Murphy stepped down after Ratner resigned, following Ratner’s use of a

gay slur when discussing rehearsals. Academy Awards of Merit were presented in 24 standard competitive categories at the February 26, 2012, ceremony.Nominations for these awards were announced by AMPAS on January 24, 2012. In addition, three Honorary Academy Awards were presented at the 3rdAnnual Governors Awards ceremony held on November 12, 2011. The Artist and Hugo each won five awards, with the former winning Best Picture andits star Jean Dujardin winning Best Actor. The Iron Lady won two awards, including Best Actress for Meryl Streep. The Artist became the first silentmotion picture in 83 years (after Wings, which won Best Picture at the 1st Academy Awards) and the first French film to win Best Picture.

WWWWWinnerinnerinnerinnerinners s s s s (in underline)

Actor in a Leading RActor in a Leading RActor in a Leading RActor in a Leading RActor in a Leading Roleoleoleoleole· Demián Bichir in “A Better Life”· George Clooney in “The Descen-dants”· Jean Dujardin in “The Artist”

· Gary Oldman in “Tinker TailorSoldier Spy”· Brad Pitt in “Moneyball”

Actor in a SupporActor in a SupporActor in a SupporActor in a SupporActor in a SupportingtingtingtingtingRRRRRoleoleoleoleole· Kenneth Branagh in “My Weekwith Marilyn”· Jonah Hill in “Moneyball”· Nick Nolte in “Warrior”· Christopher Plummer in “Begin-ners”

· Max von Sydow in “ExtremelyLoud & Incredibly Close”

ActrActrActrActrActress in a Leadingess in a Leadingess in a Leadingess in a Leadingess in a LeadingRRRRRoleoleoleoleole· Glenn Close in “Albert Nobbs”· Viola Davis in “The Help”· Rooney Mara in “The Girl withthe Dragon Tattoo”· Meryl Streep in “The Iron Lady”

· Michelle Williams in “My Weekwith Marilyn”

ActrActrActrActrActress in a Supporess in a Supporess in a Supporess in a Supporess in a SupportingtingtingtingtingRRRRRoleoleoleoleole· Bérénice Bejo in “The Artist”

· Jessica Chastain in “The Help”

· Melissa McCarthy in “Brides-

maids”

· Janet McTeer in “Albert Nobbs”

· Octavia Spencer in “The Help”

AnimaAnimaAnimaAnimaAnimated Fted Fted Fted Fted Feaeaeaeaeaturturturturture Filme Filme Filme Filme Film· “A Cat in Paris” Alain Gagnol

and Jean-Loup Felicioli

· “Chico & Rita” Fernando Trueba

and Javier Mariscal

· “Kung Fu Panda 2” Jennifer Yuh

Nelson

· “Puss in Boots” Chris Miller

· “Rango” Gore Verbinski

ArArArArArt Dirt Dirt Dirt Dirt Directionectionectionectionection· “The Artist”Production Design: LaurenceBennett; Set Decoration: RobertGould· “Harry Potter and the DeathlyHallows Part 2”Production Design: Stuart Craig; SetDecoration: Stephenie McMillan· “Hugo”Production Design: Dante Ferretti;Set Decoration: Francesca LoSchiavo· “Midnight in Paris”Production Design: Anne Seibel; SetDecoration: Hélène Dubreuil· “War Horse”Production Design: Rick Carter; SetDecoration: Lee Sandales

CinemaCinemaCinemaCinemaCinematototototogggggrrrrraaaaaphphphphphyyyyy· “The Artist” GuillaumeSchiffman· “The Girl with the DragonTattoo” Jeff Cronenweth· “Hugo” Robert Richardson

· “The Tree of Life” EmmanuelLubezki· “War Horse” Janusz Kaminski

Costume DesignCostume DesignCostume DesignCostume DesignCostume Design· “Anonymous” Lisy Christl· “The Artist” Mark Bridges· “Hugo” Sandy Powell· “Jane Eyre” Michael O’Connor· “W.E.” Arianne PhillipsDirDirDirDirDirectingectingectingectingecting· “The Artist” MichelHazanavicius

· “The Descendants” Alexander

Payne· “Hugo” Martin Scorsese· “Midnight in Paris” WoodyAllen· “The Tree of Life” TerrenceMalick

DocumentarDocumentarDocumentarDocumentarDocumentary (Fy (Fy (Fy (Fy (Feaeaeaeaeaturturturturture)e)e)e)e)· “Hell and Back Again”Danfung Dennis and Mike Lerner· “If a Tree Falls: A Story of theEarth Liberation Front”Marshall Curry and Sam Cullman· “Paradise Lost 3: Purgatory”Joe Berlinger and Bruce Sinofsky· “Pina”Wim Wenders and Gian-PieroRingel· “Undefeated”TJ Martin, Dan Lindsay and RichMiddlemas

DocumentarDocumentarDocumentarDocumentarDocumentary (Shory (Shory (Shory (Shory (ShortttttSubject)Subject)Subject)Subject)Subject)· “The Barber of Birmingham:Foot Soldier of the Civil RightsMovement”Robin Fryday and Gail Dolgin· “God Is the Bigger Elvis”Rebecca Cammisa and Julie Ander-son· “Incident in New Baghdad”James Spione· “Saving Face”Daniel Junge and Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy· “The Tsunami and the CherryBlossom”Lucy Walker and Kira Carstensen

Film EditingFilm EditingFilm EditingFilm EditingFilm Editing· “The Artist” Anne-Sophie Bionand Michel Hazanavicius· “The Descendants” Kevin Tent· “The Girl with the DragonTattoo” Kirk Baxter and AngusWall· “Hugo” Thelma Schoonmaker· “Moneyball” ChristopherTellefsen

FFFFForororororeign Languaeign Languaeign Languaeign Languaeign Languaggggge Filme Filme Filme Filme Film· “Bullhead” Belgium

· “Footnote” Israel

· “In Darkness” Poland

· “Monsieur Lazhar” Canada

· “A Separation” Iran

MMMMMakakakakakeupeupeupeupeup· “Albert Nobbs”

Martial Corneville, Lynn Johnston

and Matthew W. Mungle

· “Harry Potter and the Deathly

Hallows Part 2”

Nick Dudman, Amanda Knight and

Lisa Tomblin

· “The Iron Lady”

Mark Coulier and J. Roy Helland

Music (Original ScorMusic (Original ScorMusic (Original ScorMusic (Original ScorMusic (Original Score)e)e)e)e)· “The Adventures of Tintin” John

Williams

· “The Artist” Ludovic Bource

· “Hugo” Howard Shore

· “Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy”

Alberto Iglesias· “War Horse” John Williams

Music (Original Song)Music (Original Song)Music (Original Song)Music (Original Song)Music (Original Song)· “Man or Muppet” from “TheMuppets”Music and Lyric by Bret McKenzie

· “Real in Rio” from “Rio”Music by Sergio Mendes andCarlinhos Brown; Lyric by SiedahGarrett

Best PicturBest PicturBest PicturBest PicturBest Pictureeeee· “The Artist” Thomas Langmann,Producer

· “The Descendants” Jim Burke,Alexander Payne and Jim Taylor,Producers· “Extremely Loud & IncrediblyClose” Scott Rudin, Producer· “The Help” Brunson Green,Chris Columbus and MichaelBarnathan, Producers· “Hugo” Graham King and MartinScorsese, Producers· “Midnight in Paris” LettyAronson and Stephen Tenenbaum,Producers· “Moneyball” Michael De Luca,Rachael Horovitz and Brad Pitt,Producers· “The Tree of Life” Sarah Green,Bill Pohlad, Dede Gardner andGrant Hill, Producers· “War Horse” Steven Spielbergand Kathleen Kennedy, Producers

ShorShorShorShorShort Film (Animat Film (Animat Film (Animat Film (Animat Film (Animated)ted)ted)ted)ted)· “Dimanche/Sunday” PatrickDoyon· “The Fantastic Flying Books ofMr. Morris Lessmore” William

Joyce and Brandon Oldenburg

· “La Luna” Enrico Casarosa· “A Morning Stroll” Grant Or-chard and Sue Goffe· “Wild Life” Amanda Forbis andWendy Tilby

ShorShorShorShorShort Film (Lit Film (Lit Film (Lit Film (Lit Film (Livvvvve e e e e Action)Action)Action)Action)Action)· “Pentecost” Peter McDonald andEimear O’Kane· “Raju” Max Zähle and StefanGieren· “The Shore” Terry George andOorlagh George· “Time Freak” Andrew Bowlerand Gigi Causey· “Tuba Atlantic” Hallvar Witzø

Sound EditingSound EditingSound EditingSound EditingSound Editing· “Drive” Lon Bender and VictorRay Ennis· “The Girl with the DragonTattoo” Ren Klyce· “Hugo” Philip Stockton andEugene Gearty· “Transformers: Dark of theMoon” Ethan Van der Ryn and ErikAadahl· “War Horse” Richard Hymns andGary Rydstrom

Sound MixingSound MixingSound MixingSound MixingSound Mixing· “The Girl with the DragonTattoo”David Parker, Michael Semanick,Ren Klyce and Bo Persson· “Hugo”Tom Fleischman and John Midgley

· “Moneyball”Deb Adair, Ron Bochar, DavidGiammarco and Ed Novick· “Transformers: Dark of theMoon”Greg P. Russell, Gary Summers, JeffreyJ. Haboush and Peter J. Devlin· “War Horse”Gary Rydstrom, Andy Nelson, TomJohnson and Stuart Wilson

VVVVVisual Efisual Efisual Efisual Efisual Effffffectsectsectsectsects· “Harry Potter and the DeathlyHallows Part 2”Tim Burke, David Vickery, GregButler and John Richardson· “Hugo”Rob Legato, Joss Williams, BenGrossmann and Alex Henning

· “Real Steel”Erik Nash, John Rosengrant, DanTaylor and Swen Gillberg· “Rise of the Planet of the Apes”Joe Letteri, Dan Lemmon, R. Chris-topher White and Daniel Barrett· “Transformers: Dark of theMoon”Scott Farrar, Scott Benza, MatthewButler and John Frazier

WWWWWriting (Adariting (Adariting (Adariting (Adariting (AdaptedptedptedptedptedScrScrScrScrScreenplaeenplaeenplaeenplaeenplay)y)y)y)y)

· “The Descendants” Screenplay

by Alexander Payne and Nat Faxon

& Jim Rash

· “Hugo” Screenplay by John

Logan

· “The Ides of March” Screenplay

by George Clooney & Grant Heslov

and Beau Willimon

· “Moneyball” Screenplay by

Steven Zaillian and Aaron Sorkin;

Story by Stan Chervin

· “Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy”

Screenplay by Bridget O’Connor &

Peter Straughan

Writing (OriginalWriting (OriginalWriting (OriginalWriting (OriginalWriting (Original

ScrScrScrScrScreenplaeenplaeenplaeenplaeenplay)y)y)y)y)

· “The Artist” Written by Michel

Hazanavicius

· “Bridesmaids” Written by Annie

Mumolo & Kristen Wiig

· “Margin Call” Written by J.C.

Chandor

· “Midnight in Paris” Written by

Woody Allen

· “A Separation” Written byAsghar Farhadi n n n

DEVELOP INDIA English Weekly NewspaperAllahabad; Sunday; Year 4, Vol. 1, Issue 186, 26 Feb - 4 March, 2012

DEVELOP INDIA

English Weekly Newspaper 22222

Weekly Current AffairsCORRECTED-CORRECTED-CORRECTED-CORRECTED-CORRECTED-WRAPUP 3-WRAPUP 3-WRAPUP 3-WRAPUP 3-WRAPUP 3-G20 incG20 incG20 incG20 incG20 inchesheshesheshestototototowwwwwararararard $2d $2d $2d $2d $2trillion intrillion intrillion intrillion intrillion inrrrrrescue fundsescue fundsescue fundsescue fundsescue fundsGermany is easing its opposition toa bigger European bailout fund,officials said, smoothing the way forthe world’s leading economies tosecure nearly $2 trillion in fire-power to prevent further falloutfrom the euro-zone’s sovereign debtcrisis.

Finance leaders from the Group of20, meeting in Mexico City thisweekend, are trying to build upmassive international resources bythe end of April to convince finan-cial markets they can prevent theeuro-zone’s deep problems frominflicting more damage on a still-fragile world recovery.It would mark their boldest effortssince 2009 when the G20 mustered$1 trillion to rescue the worldeconomy from the credit crisis,which blew up in the United Statesand caused the worst recessionsince the 1930s.They are demanding that Europebuild up its war chest first and thenother G20 countries would contrib-ute extra money to the InternationalMonetary Fund. As Europe’s richesteconomy, Germany’s support for alarger European fund is critical.A senior G20 official said Berlin wasprepared to discuss boosting thefirewall in March, but it saw noreason to increase the bailout fundfor now because the situation infinancial markets has been improving.The plan is to merge Europe’stemporary and permanent bailoutfunds, the European FinancialStability Fund and the EuropeanStability Mechanism , to create one750 billion-euro ($1 trillion) fund.Increased IMF resources wouldback that up.“Everyone in the euro zone andeven in European Union is reason-ably happy with combining theESM and the EFSF, even Germany,but it is too early to say if this willbe decided at the EU summit at thebeginning of March,” saidMargrethe Vestager, economyminister of current EU presidentDenmark.Merging the funds would mark asoftening of Berlin’s stance. It haswarned that a bigger fund wouldremove pressure on deeply in-debted countries to enact the toughfiscal measures and economic re-forms needed to bring their budgetsunder control.G20 finance chiefs are piling thepressure on Germany as they try toline up the roughly $2 trillion inresources by the time they nextmeet in April and draw a line underthe two-year-old euro-zone crisis.“I do want to encourage Germanyto take that leadership role veryseriously and come up with anoverall euro zone plan,” saidCanada’s Finance Minister JimFlaherty.Some diplomats have said

Germany’s reticence to back thebigger bailout plan was linked to akey vote on Monday by Germanlawmakers on Greece’s new finan-cial lifeline, another part of thebroader push to ring-fence the eurozone crisis.Europe’s problems have weakenedthe global recovery and roiledfinancial markets, which havelocked highly indebted countries — Greece, Ireland and Portugal — outof debt markets and forced them toseek bailouts. Italy and Spain alsoare under threat, and bank credithas tightened.German Finance Minister WolfgangSchaeuble told bankers in MexicoCity that he was worried that theroot causes of Europe’s problemshave not been tackled sufficientlyand showed no sign that he wasready to announce a shift in courseon issues such as common eurozone bonds as well as bigger bailoutfunds.“It does not make any economicsense to follow the calls for propos-als which would be mutualizing theinterest risk in the euro zone, nor inpumping money into rescue funds,nor in starting up the ECB printingpress,” Schaeuble said.A European agreement duringMarch to merge the EFSF and theESM to create a $1 trillion war chestwould clear the way for other G20countries in April to meet the IMF’srequest for $500-$600 billion in newresources, on top of its current $385billion in funds.Put together, this would totalaround $1.95 trillion in firepower.But the G20 has no intention ofeasing the pressure on Europe bygiving it a strong signal now thatnew IMF money is in the bag.A G20 communique at the end ofthe ministerial meetings on Sundaywill merely state that the world’sleading economies will review theresources of the IMF in April with-out setting a date for a deal, G20officials said.Olli Rehn, European Commissionerfor Economic and Monetary Affairs,said more funds are essential. “Inorder to overcome the crisis, youhave to get ahead of the curve andhave a big enough bazooka,” hetold reporters.“The negotiations are now goingon,” Rehn said, adding he wasconfident that a decision to mergethe European funds would be takenin March.A euro zone official said a deal isunlikely to come in time for a sum-mit of European Union leaders nextweek which could nonethelessreveal some flexibility by Berlin:“What we can expect, at most, is areference in the conclusions sug-gesting Germany is not closing thedoor.”Diplomats said Germany appears tobe playing for time. It faces a criticalvote on Monday to win support inthe German parliament for Greece’ssecond rescue package. ManyBundestag members are skepticalthat Greece can meet tough fiscalconditions required to bring itspublic debt down to 120 percent ofGDP by 2020.Similar votes are scheduled in theNetherlands and Finland nextweek. Germany also wants to seewhether enough investors sign upfor Greece’s debt swap, whichAthens wants to complete by March12, a euro zone official said.“Most euro zone countries are readyto move now, but I am afraid thatGermany will need more time toagree to the increase, mainly to beable to better manage theBundestag,” one euro zone officialsaid.The United States has said it willnot provide more funds for the IMF.But it is not standing in the way ofother countries lending to the Fundand is keeping up the pressure onEurope to put forward first more ofits own money.

“I hope that we’re going to see, andI expect we will see continuedefforts by the Europeans ... to put inplace a stronger, more crediblefirewall,” U.S. Treasury SecretaryTimothy Geithner said on Saturday.Policymakers said they were hope-ful that putting in place a strongfirewall against further crises inEurope would help strengthen theworld economy.“The economy is somewhat pickingup in the world as a wholeincluding Japan and (we) want toput an end to the Europe crisis inthe early spring and to acceleratethe global economic growth,”Japan’s Finance Minister Jun Azumisaid.

India takIndia takIndia takIndia takIndia takenenenenenofofofofoffffff WHO polioWHO polioWHO polioWHO polioWHO poliolist in majorlist in majorlist in majorlist in majorlist in majormilestonemilestonemilestonemilestonemilestoneIndia was taken off a list of polioendemic countries by the WorldHealth Organisation on Saturday,marking a massive victory forhealth workers battling the crip-pling disease.

“This gives us hope that we canfinally eradicate polio not only fromIndia but from the face of theearth,” Prime Minister ManmohanSingh said.The announcement leaves just threecountries with endemic polio —Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria.India, which last reported a freshpolio case more than 12 months ago,now will have to remain polio freefor the next two years to be judgedto have eradicated the disease,WHO representative in India NatelaMenabde said.“The government of India hascoordinated a massive effort to ridour country of the terrible scourgeof polio that has scarred the lives ofthousands of thousand of childrenin India,” Singh told a polio summitin New Delhi.But “the real credit” for India’ssuccess in tackling polio goes to thevolunteers who repeatedly vacci-nated children, he said.They visited slums and railwaystations, construction sites and busstops, using all means of transportto reach even the most far-flungcorners of one of the world’s mostcrowded and impoverished coun-tries.The success of the effort shows that“team work pays,” Singh said.Health Minister Ghulam Nabi Azadsaid he received a letter stating thatthe “WHO has taken India’s nameoff the list of polio endemic coun-tries in view of the remarkableprogress that we have made duringthe past one year.”Polio — which afflicts mainly theunder-fives causing death, paralysisand crippled limbs — travels easilyacross borders and is transmittedvia the fecal matter of victims.India has been a frequent exporterto other developing countries, buthas also been re-infected fromabroad. The ancient disease waswiped out from the 1970s in devel-oped countries through successfulvaccination campaigns.In 2009, India accounted for half ofall cases in the world, but infectionsplummeted to 42 in 2010 and nonein the last 12 months.The Indian government has spent $2billion over the last 10-15 years onpolio eradication efforts.

BelarBelarBelarBelarBelarusususususorororororderderderderders out EUs out EUs out EUs out EUs out EU,,,,,PPPPPolish enolish enolish enolish enolish envvvvvoooooysysysysysooooovvvvvererererersanctionssanctionssanctionssanctionssanctionsBelarus told the ambassador of theEuropean Union and that of Polandto leave the country and recalled itsown envoys from Brussels andWarsaw, sparking anger in the EUand plunging relations betweenMinsk and the 27-member bloc to anew low.

The Belarussian foreign ministrymade the announcement just as theEU was widening its sanctionsagainst the ex-Soviet republic,imposing travel restrictions on 21judges and senior police officersbecause of Belarus’s poor humanrights record under PresidentAlexander Lukashenko.In Brussels, EU foreign policy chiefCatherine Ashton called EU ambas-sadors together to discuss the situa-tion and diplomatic sources saidthey might be considering pullingall remaining EU members’ envoysout of Minsk.“This is the last dictatorship, the lastdictator in Europe, and we will notlet ourselves be intimidated by suchactions against a European institu-tion or against a member state,”German Foreign Minister GuidoWesterwelle said in Brussels.“The European Union and Polandcan rely on Germany’s solidarity.The dictator fools himself when hethinks he can divide us ...I suggestwe all recall our ambassadors fromBelarus. This is what Germany willdo,” he said.“This step will get a response fromthe whole of the EU,” Polish For-eign Ministry spokesman MarcinBosacki said in Warsaw. In a state-ment, he described the move as an“unfriendly act” towards the wholeof the bloc.“The Belarussian authorities areclear on conditions for restarting apolitical dialogue with the EU: thatis putting an end to all repressionsand embarking on ademocratisation path,” Bosacki said.Poland, which shares a border withBelarus, has played an active andleading role in formulating EUpolicy towards Minsk - often draw-ing fire from Belarus for doing so.Bosacki said Poland’s envoy hadbeen singled out because ofWarsaw’s leading role in drawingup wider sanctions.TARGETED OFFICIALSThe Belarussian officials targeted inthe new EU action are banned fromtravelling to EU member countriesand any of their assets held by EUcompanies will be frozen.“It has been suggested that the headof the EU delegation to Belarus andthe ambassador of Poland toBelarus return to their capitals forconsultations to communicate totheir leadership the firm position ofthe Belarussian side that pressureand sanctions are unacceptable,”Belarussian Foreign Ministryspokesman Andrei Savinykh said ina statement.Savinykh said Minsk was recallingits own envoys from Brussels andWarsaw and could take “othermeasures to protect its interests”under further pressure.He also said Belarus would blacklistthe people who facilitated the

introduction of sanctions against it.The new sanctions seemed likely toincrease Belarus’s isolation, makingit still more reliant on long-timeally Russia which bailed it out at thepeak of a financial crisis last year.“By burning the bridges (in theirrelationship) with the West, theBelarussian authorities are puttingthemselves in a very dangeroussituation, losing room for maneuverin case their ties with Russia souragain,” Belarussian political analystAlexander Klaskovsky said.Lukashenko, in power in the nationof 10 million since 1994, has toler-ated little dissent, cracking down onpublic protests and jailing opposi-tion leaders.His re-election for a fourth term inDecember 2010 sparked mass streetprotests by the opposition, whichled to several opposition candidateswho ran against him being arrested.Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusksaid the latest move by Minskwould not affect Warsaw’s position.“We are not changing our stanceabout the necessity of the sanc-tions,” he said. “But it’s hard for meto comment on this particular situa-tion.”Earlier this month, the InternationalMonetary Fund said it would notreplace its representative in Belaruswhen the current one leaves inApril.Belarus is still seeking a fresh IMFloan to refinance the $3.6 billion itmust repay to the Fund in 2012-2014, though such financing is veryunlikely to be granted because ofthe lack of market reforms and theworsening political climate.

IBM SaIBM SaIBM SaIBM SaIBM Says It’ys It’ys It’ys It’ys It’sssss‘On the Cusp’‘On the Cusp’‘On the Cusp’‘On the Cusp’‘On the Cusp’of Building aof Building aof Building aof Building aof Building aQuantumQuantumQuantumQuantumQuantumComputerComputerComputerComputerComputerIBM scientists said Tuesday thatthey have made several break-throughs in quantum computingthat put them “on the cusp of build-ing systems that will take comput-ing to a whole new level.”

The IBM researchers said they haveestablished three new records “forretaining the integrity of quantummechanical properties in quantumbits, or qubits, and reducing errorsin elementary computations.” Thoseadvances, presented at this week’sannual American Physical Societymeeting, get the team “close to theminimum requirements for a full-scale quantum computing system asdetermined by the world-wideresearch community.”Quantum computing, first proposedby the Nobel Prize-winning physi-cist Richard Feynman in 1981, is stillhighly theoretical, with experimentsin the science and itscousin, quantum cryptography,limited to laboratory settings thusfar. In other words, there are nopractical quantum computers yet,just experimental ones.The basic concept is to use the oddnature of the entangled qubits (amagnified qubit is pictured below)that one uses to build a quantumcomputer to perform computationaltasks much faster and much moresecurely than is possible on digitalcomputers that use silicon transis-tors.At the exceedingly tiny level wherequantum mechanics operates,particles of matter can exist inmultiple states—such as “on” and“off” to reference the binary process

by which digital computing oper-ates—at the same time. We may notbe able to comprehend what thismeans outside of mathematics, butscientists have theorized for severaldecades that harnessing these prop-erties for computing would be anatural way past the issues thatloom for today’s nanoscale silicon-based transistors, which are run-ning up against atomic-level barri-ers to functionality the smaller theyget.“The special properties of qubitswill allow quantum computers towork on millions of computations atonce, while desktop PCs can typi-cally handle minimal simultaneouscomputations,” the IBM researcherssaid. “For example, a single 250-qubit state contains more bits ofinformation than there are atoms inthe universe.“These properties will have wide-

spread implications foremost for the

field of data encryption and other

possible applications such as

searching databases of unstructured

information, performing a range of

optimization tasks and solving

previously unsolvable mathematical

problems,” the team added, further

elaborating on the possibilities of

quantum computing in the video

below.

IBM’s superconducting qubit device

suspends a roughly one-millimeter

qubit in the center of a cavity on a

small Sapphire chip (pictured

below). The cavity “is formed by

closing the two halves, and mea-

surements are done by passing

microwave signals to the connec-

tors,” the team said. The “3D”

device looks rather big relative to

the tiny conventional computer

chips currently in use, but the team

said that future scaling should

make it possible to operate hun-

dreds or even thousands of qubits

in just such a device.

The team has also demonstrated a

two-dimensional chip that houses

three qubits (pictured below, with

qubits 1 through 3 identified). This

8mm-by-4mm chip “is back-

mounted on a PC board and con-

nects to I/O coaxial lines via wire

bonds. IBM scientists also envision

scaling this design to the point

where a larger assembly of qubits

would be possible on such a chip.

It should be noted that the recent

scientific paper published by a

different group of international

researchers concerning the success-

ful fabrication of an atom-sized

silicon transistor isn’t an advance in

quantum computing, per se.

The team led Michelle Simmons of

the University of New South Wales

in Sydney demonstrated a repeat-

able process for making a working

microchip transistor comprised of a

single atom—nearly 100 times

smaller than the 22-nanometer

cutting-edge transistors fabricated

by Intel—but the process is compat-

ible with the CMOS technology

used in transistor fabrication today.

Simmons and her colleagues have

taken the miniaturization of silicon-

based processors to the limit of

what may be possible within the

confines of current microprocessor

architectures and manufacturing

processes, but quantum computing

researchers are attempting to rede-

fine computing (and possibly semi-

conductor manufacturing) entirely.

That said, the IBM team noted that

it has chosen to “employ supercon-

ducting qubits which use estab-

lished microfabrication techniques

developed for silicon technology,

providing the potential to one day

scale up to and manufacture thou-

sands or millions of qubits.”

DEVELOP INDIA English Weekly NewspaperAllahabad; Sunday; Year 4, Vol. 1, Issue 186, 26 Feb - 4 March, 2012

DEVELOP INDIA

English Weekly Newspaper33333

JJJJJamesamesamesamesamesMurMurMurMurMurdocdocdocdocdochhhhhrrrrresigns fresigns fresigns fresigns fresigns fromomomomomNewsNewsNewsNewsNewsInterInterInterInterInternananananationaltionaltionaltionaltionalas fas fas fas fas fiririririrm admitsm admitsm admitsm admitsm admitspapapapapaperperperperpers coulds coulds coulds coulds couldbe sold ofbe sold ofbe sold ofbe sold ofbe sold offffffJames Murdoch has resigned aschairman of News International aday after its parent company re-vealed it may sell off its publishingbusiness.

Murdoch, 39, has relinquished hisnewspaper position to focus onexpanding the company’s interna-tional television business, NewsCorporation, NI’s parent company,said in a statement.It comes after News Corp’s ChiefOperating Officer, Chase Carey,revealed he had held a number oftalks with the company’s executivesabout selling or separating thepublishing unit from the company.“There certainly is an awareness”that New York-based News Corp.would trade at higher multiples if itdidn’t own newspapers, Carey saidat the Deutsche Bank (DBK) mediaconference in Palm Beach, Florida.

EgEgEgEgEgypt setsypt setsypt setsypt setsypt setsdadadadadate fte fte fte fte forororororprprprprpresidentialesidentialesidentialesidentialesidentialelectionelectionelectionelectionelectionEgypt has set May for the firstpresidential election since HosniMubarak’s ouster last year, anofficial says, and the nation’s newpresident is to be named on June 21.Egypt’s ruling military has pledgedto turn over power to a civiliangovernment after a new president ischosen, but it has not set a date forthe transfer. The military has comeunder stiff criticism from reformersfor its handling of the transitionperiod, scarred by frequent violentprotests and continued economicmalaise.

The head of Election Commission,Farouk Sultan, told a nationallytelevised news conference that a 21-day presidential election campaignperiod would begin on April 30,more than a month after candidatescan submit their applications for therace.Sultan said if necessary, a runoffelection would take place on June16-17. If no candidate wins 50 percent of the vote in the first round inMay, the top two finishers wouldface each other in a runoff.Mubarak was forced to step down ayear ago after an 18-day popularuprising that brought hundreds ofthousands into the streets. Egypt’smilitary took over from him, at firstpledging to return to the barracksafter a civilian government waschosen within six months.The transitional period hasstretched to a year and a half, par-tially because reformers wantedmore time to prepare for elections,but also sparking uncertainty andconcerns that Egypt might be mov-ing from Mubarak’s authoritarianrule to a military dictatorship.Leaders of the uprising havecharged that the military is employ-

ing the harsh, repressive tactics ofthe Mubarak regime against them.Scores have been killed in anti-military street protests and clashesover the past year, and the militaryis accused of torturing detaineesand putting at least 10,000 civilianson trial before military tribunals.So far there have been elections forthe two houses of parliament, bothdominated by the MuslimBrotherhood’s party. Theparliament’s main task is to appointa 100-member commission to drawup a new constitution for Egypt.Election of a new president wouldcomplete the process and force themilitary either to hand over powerto the new government or retaincontrol in defiance of the process.

EurEurEurEurEuro zo zo zo zo zoneoneoneoneoneinfinfinfinfinflalalalalationtiontiontiontionsteadsteadsteadsteadsteadyyyyy,,,,,joblessnessjoblessnessjoblessnessjoblessnessjoblessnesshits new highhits new highhits new highhits new highhits new highConsumer inflation at 2.7 pct inFebruary(Reuters) - Euro zone joblessnessrose to a new euro-era high whileinflation was largely steady at thestart of 2012, data showed on Thurs-day, leaving the European CentralBank to juggle the demands of aslowing economy and only mildpressure on prices.

A cold snap in Europe and rising oilprices were probably behind theslight rise in February consumerprices that took inflation forthe euro zone to 2.7 percent, com-pared to 2.6 percent in January,figures from the EU’s statisticsoffice Eurostat showed.The euro zone’s economic slumphas helped bring the prices ofgoods, fuel and food down fromlast year’s peak of 3 percent, but oilprices hit record highs in euro termsthis month and underminedinflation’s downward trend.That suggests the ECB is likely toput off any quick decision to takeinterest rates to below 1 percent forthe first time and economists see thebank in “wait-and-see” mode.The bank wants to keep inflationbelow, but close to 2 percent overthe medium term. Stripping outvolatile energy and food prices,inflation in January was 1.9 percenton an annual basis, Eurostat said onWednesday.Falling prices may help Europeanhouseholds, but the euro zone isheading into its second recession inthree years and unemployment isone of the biggest challenges for EUleaders who meet for a summit inBrussels on Thursday and Friday.The number of people out of workin the euro zone rose to 10.7 percentin January, up from an upwardlyrevised 10.6 percent in December.That was far higher than the 8-percent rate when euro coins andnotes began circulating in 2000, andthe latest figure masks the north-south split in the euro zone’s for-tunes.Unemployment in Spain rose to 23.3percent in January, the highest levelin the 17-nation currency area, butwas just 4 percent in Austria.Overall, another 185,000 peopleacross the euro zone were out ofwork in January compared to De-cember, Eurostat said.The rise in unemployment washigher than the 10.4 percent forecastby economists in a Reuters poll. Butthat was perhaps not surprising,given that business managers in anEU survey released this week saidthey were generally pessimisticabout their ability to hire new staffeven as wider business confidenceimproves.

EU arEU arEU arEU arEU arguesguesguesguesguesooooovvvvver balanceer balanceer balanceer balanceer balanceof austerityof austerityof austerityof austerityof austerityand gand gand gand gand grrrrrooooowthwthwthwthwthEuropean Union leaders arguedover the right balance betweenbudget austerity and reviving lostgrowth at the first summit for twoyears in which the euro zone debtcrisis did not eclipse all else.After their finance ministers gaveprovisional approval to a secondbailout for Greece, and a flood ofcheap European Central Bank fundscalmed bond markets, the 27 lead-ers used the breathing space tofocus on structural economic re-forms and other ways to combatrecord unemployment.

They also reappointed formerBelgian Prime Minister HermanVan Rompuy for a second 2-1/2-year term as president of the Euro-pean Council and decided he wouldalso chair new twice-yearly sum-mits of the 17-member euro zone.Leaders of 25 of the 27 countrieswill sign a German-driven fiscalcompact treaty on Friday to enforceEU deficit-cutting and debt reduc-tion rules more strictly.But without a return to growthseveral European countries riskentering the same spiral of depres-sion as Greece.“For too long, our crisis manage-ment has erred too far towardsausterity,” European ParliamentPresident Martin Schulz, a GermanSocial Democrat, told the leadersbluntly.British Prime Minister DavidCameron told reporters that Europefaced a growth crisis as well as adebt crisis.Diplomats said Cameron wonsupport from Italy’s Mario Montiand Dutch Prime Minister MarkRutte when he complained that thedraft summit statement paid insuffi-cient attention to a letter of 12 EUleaders calling for more growth-enhancing measures such as marketderegulation to unleash economicdynamism.German Chancellor Angela Merkel,the driving force behind strictausterity policies, said the ECB’smassive cash injection to banks hadbought Europe’s politicians pre-cious time to work on improvingcompetitiveness, growth and em-ployment.“We absolutely must make use ofthis time, otherwise we will findthat the world does not trust us,”she said.Unemployment in the 17-nationeuro zone hit a euro-era record 10.7per cent in January, data out onThursday showed, and the eurozone’s manufacturing sector con-tracted for the seventh month run-ning in February.While jobless totals in economicpowerhouse Germany continue todecline, the unemployment rate inSpain rose to 23.3 per cent, with oneyoung person in two out of work.“Despite the euphoria in the bank-ing sector following the ECB’s loanprogram, the real economy remainsvery depressed and the key factor isthe unemployment rate, both so-cially and because of the damage togrowth,” said Steen Jakobsen, aneconomist at Saxobank.Spanish test caseSpain is emerging as a test case ofwhether Europe is willing to ease itsdrive for balanced budgets to allowmore scope for the growth that isessential to pay down public debt.Madrid reported this week its 2011deficit hit 8.5 per cent of grossdomestic product, far above the 6per cent target agreed with Brus-

sels. That means it would have tocut the equivalent of four percent-age points of GDP to meet thisyear’s target of 4.4 per cent, whilethe economy is forecast to contractby 1 per cent.Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy’snew government is privately plead-ing for more realistic revised tar-gets, posing a dilemma for theEuropean Commission, which istrying to restore the credibility ofrules flouted in the past not only byGreece but also by Germany andFrance, the bloc’s two biggesteconomies.EU sources said Rajoy won littlesympathy from the main euro zonecountries, reluctant to make anexception for Madrid just whenthey are trying to make fiscal disci-pline stick.Finnish Prime Minister JyrkiKatainen, a north European deficithawk, said it would be “completelywrong” to give countries moreroom to meet their fiscal targets.Spanish Economy Minister Luis DeGuindos said he did not expect anEU decision until May, but a gov-ernment source in Madrid said thegovernment would set a 2012spending limit on Friday based on adeficit target of around 5.3 to 5.5per cent, defying the Commission.At Merkel’s insistence, the issue ofincreasing the size of the currencybloc’s rescue fund was not on theagenda, but her partners will belooking for assurances that Berlin isready to budge on the issue laterthis month.Merkel faces strong public hostilityto further bailouts and a backbenchrevolt in her centre-right coalitionthat could make it hard to winparliamentary support for a biggerbailout fund.German officials say that with bondmarket tensions easing, there is noimmediate need to combine theexisting temporary rescue fundwith a planned permanent 500-billion-euro European StabilityMechanism to build a biggerfirewall.Major economies in the Group of 20told the Europeans last weekendthey would not give the Interna-tional Monetary Fund more moneyto combat the fallout from the eurozone crisis unless Europe firstincreased its own warchest.Euro zone yields tumbleA day after the ECB pumped 530billion euros of cheap, three-yearliquidity into European banks,yields on Italian 10-year bonds fellbelow 5 percent for the first timesince last August. Spanish yieldsalso dropped and safe-haven Ger-man Bund futures slid in a sign ofinvestors’ returning risk appetite.The industry body which deter-mines when bondholders are en-titled to cash in credit insurancesaid recent preparations for a debtrestructuring do not so far consti-tute a “credit event” triggering acredit default swaps payout.The decision by the InternationalSwaps and Derivatives Associationcheered EU officials who have beenkeen to avoid such a potentiallydisruptive event. But market par-ticipants in London said they stillexpected Athens’ action to trigger aCDS payout if Greece uses legalpowers to coerce bondholders whodo not voluntarily accept a bondswap.Economists say the ECB’s massivemoney creation buys time for theeuro zone but will not solve thebloc’s problems, which require areturn to competitiveness andgrowth in peripheral member statesand a rebalancing between thestrong and weak.The fiscal compact treaty whichMerkel demanded as a condition forfurther financial assistance to coun-tries in trouble faces two hurdles.Ireland announced this week itwould put the matter to a referen-dum in a country suffering from asteep economic decline and underan EU/IMF bailout program.Perhaps the bigger uncertainty liesin France, where opposition Social-ist presidential candidate FrancoisHollande has vowed to renegotiatethe treaty to add measures to pro-

mote growth if, as opinion pollssuggest, he defeats conservativePresident Nicolas Sarkozy in a Mayrunoff.In a paper prepared for the summit,Van Rompuy said those countriesunder market scrutiny must pursuefiscal consolidation in earnest, butothers should use their budgetaryroom for manoeuvre to boost de-mand to fight economic stagnation.

Oceans’Oceans’Oceans’Oceans’Oceans’acidic shiftacidic shiftacidic shiftacidic shiftacidic shiftmay bemay bemay bemay bemay befffffastest in 300astest in 300astest in 300astest in 300astest in 300million ymillion ymillion ymillion ymillion yearearearearearsssssThe world’s oceans are turningacidic at what could be the fastestpace of any time in the past 300million years, even more rapidlythan during a monster emission ofplanet-warming carbon 56 millionyears ago, scientists said.Looking back at that bygone warmperiod in Earth’s history could offerhelp in forecasting the impact ofhuman-spurred climate change,researchers said of a review ofhundreds of studies of ancientclimate records published in thejournal Science.

Quickly acidifying seawater eatsaway at coral reefs, which providehabitat for other animals and plants,and makes it harder for musselsand oysters to form protectiveshells. It can also interfere withsmall organisms that feed commer-cial fish like salmon.The phenomenon has been a topconcern of Jane Lubchenco, thehead of the U.S. National Oceanicand Atmospheric Administration,who has conducted demonstrationsabout acidification during hearingsin the U.S. Congress.Oceans get more acidic when morecarbon gets into the atmosphere. Inpre-industrial times, that occurredperiodically in natural pulses ofcarbon that also pushed up globaltemperatures, the scientists wrote.Human activities, including theburning of fossil fuels, have in-creased the level of atmosphericcarbon to 392 parts per million fromabout 280 parts per million at thestart of the industrial revolution.Carbon dioxide is one of severalheat-trapping gases that contributeto global warming.To figure out what ocean acidifica-tion might have done in the prehis-toric past, 21 researchers from theUnited States, the United Kingdom,the Netherlands, Germany andSpain reviewed studies of the geo-logical record going back 300 mil-lion years, looking for signs ofclimate disruption.Those indications of climate changeincluded mass extinction events,where substantial percentages ofliving things on Earth died off, suchas the giant asteroid strike thoughtto have killed the dinosaurs some65 million years ago.The events that seemed similar towhat is happening now includedmass extinctions about 252 millionand 201 million years ago, as wellas the warming period 56 millionyears in the past.The researchers reckoned the 5,000-year hot spell 56 million years ago,likely due to factors like massivevolcanism, was the closest parallelto current conditions at any time inthe 300 million years.To detect that, they looked at a layerof brown mud buried under theSouthern Ocean off Antarctica.Sandwiched between layers ofwhite plankton fossils, the brownmud indicated an ocean so acidicthat the plankton fossils from thatparticular 5,000-year period dis-

solved into muck.During that span, the amount ofcarbon in the atmosphere doubledand average temperatures rose by10.8 degrees F, the researchers said.The oceans became more acidic byabout 0.4 unit on the 14-point pHscale over that 5,000-year period,the researchers said.That is a fast warm-up and a quickacidification, but it is small com-pared with what has happened onEarth since the start of the industrialrevolution some 150 years ago,study author Baerbel Hoenisch ofColumbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory said bytelephone.During the warming period 56million years ago, known as thePaleocene-Eocene Thermal Maxi-mum, or PETM, and occurringabout 9 million years after theextinction of the dinosaurs, acidifi-cation for each century was about.008 unit on the pH scale, Hoenischsaid.Back then, many corals went ex-tinct, as did many types of single-celled organisms that lived on thesea floor, which suggests otherplants and animals higher on thefood chain died out too, researcherssaid.By contrast, in the 20th century,oceans acidified by .1 unit of pH,and are projected to get more acidicat the rate of .2 or .3 pH by the year2100, according to the study.The U.N. Intergovernmental Panelon Climate Change projects worldtemperatures could rise by 3.2 to 7degrees F this century.“Given that the rate of change wasan order of magnitude smaller (inthe PETM) compared to what we’redoing today, and still there werethese big ecosystem changes, thatgives us concern for what is goingto happen in the future,” Hoenischsaid.Those skeptical of human-causedclimate change often point to pastwarming periods caused by naturalevents as evidence that the currentwarming trend is not a result ofhuman activities. Hoenisch notedthat natural causes such as massivevolcanism were probably respon-sible for the PETM.She said, however, that the rate ofwarming and acidification wasmuch more gradual then, over thecourse of five millennia comparedwith one century.Richard Feely, an oceanographer atthe U.S. National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration whowas not involved in the study, saidlooking at that distant past was agood way to foresee the future.“These studies give you a sense ofthe timing involved in past oceanacidification events - they did nothappen quickly,” Feely said in astatement. “The decisions we makeover the next few decades couldhave significant implications on ageologic timescale.”

EU summit:EU summit:EU summit:EU summit:EU summit:All bAll bAll bAll bAll but twut twut twut twut twoooooleaderleaderleaderleaderleaders signs signs signs signs signfffffiscal triscal triscal triscal triscal treaeaeaeaeatytytytyty

All but two of the EU’s 27 leadershave signed a new treaty to enforcebudget discipline within the bloc.The ”fiscal compact” aims to pre-vent the 17 eurozone states runningup huge debts like those whichsparked the Greek, Irish and Portu-guese bailouts.To take effect, the pact must beratified by 12 eurozone states.UK Prime Minister David Cameron,who with the Czechs refused tosign, said the summit had acceptedhis ideas for cutting red tape andboosting growth.He had complained that his ideas,contained in a joint letter signed by12 EU leaders, were being ignored.

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But after the talks he said “our letterreally did become the agenda forthis meeting... We now have a planthat we must stick to in the monthsahead”.The newly reappointed President ofthe European Council, Herman VanRompuy, said the British proposalswere being taken seriously and hehad sought to redraft the summit’sconclusions accordingly.Critics argue that the fiscal treaty ismainly a political gesture aimed atreassuring taxpayers in Germany,the eurozone’s dominant economy,where there is reluctance to pay forfurther eurozone bailouts.German Chancellor Angela Merkeldescribed it as a “great leap”, a firststep towards stability and politicalunion.Germany is reluctant to increase thesize of the permanent rescue fund,the European Stability Mechanism(ESM), which comes into force on 1July.The leaders put off until the end ofMarch a decision on its size. Thereare calls to combine the 250bn euros(£209bn; $333bn) left in the tempo-rary bailout fund - the EFSF - withthe 500bn-euro ESM.More budget painThe fiscal pact emerged at an EUsummit in December, where MrCameron vetoed plans to change theEU treaties so that greater budgetsurveillance would be enforced.The pact may face an early test asboth Spain and the Netherlandshave admitted they will miss targetsfor reducing their deficits, BBCEurope editor Gavin Hewitt reports.Spain, already struggling withpainful public sector cuts, wants tonegotiate a higher deficit targetwith the EU. But Brussels made noconcessions on Friday.While there was a change of empha-sis at this summit, “from crisismode to growth mode” in thewords of one senior official, growthwill be difficult to achieve whilsttough spending cuts are beingmade, Gavin Hewitt adds.Whereas in the past even Franceand Germany broke the EU’s deficitrules the new treaty is aimed atpreventing such practices.Eurozone countries will scrutiniseeach other’s budgets and the Euro-pean Court of Justice will be able tocheck whether nations stick to therules. It will fine them up to 0.1% ofnational GDP if they fail to do so.‘Credibility at stake’In a speech at the signing cer-emony, Mr Van Rompuy said: “Thisstronger self-constraint by each andevery one of you as regards debtsand deficits is important in itself.“It helps prevent a repetition of thesovereign debt crisis. It will thusalso reinforce trust among memberstates, which is politically importantas well.

“The restoration of confidence inthe future of the eurozone will leadto economic growth and jobs. Thisis our ultimate objective.”The President of the EuropeanCommission, Jose Manuel Barroso,called the pact a strong politicalstatement for the EU.“In the eyes of the world what is atstake is the very credibility of theeuro area and of Europe as awhole,” he said.The pact, he said, enhanced theeuro’s permanence “contrary to allthe negative prophecies”.Irish voteThe fiscal compact will now gobefore national parliaments and, inthe case of the Irish Republic, areferendum.Ireland rejected the Lisbon Treaty ina referendum in 2008, before ap-proving it a year later after obtain-ing EU concessions, but the successof this fiscal treaty is unlikely todepend on Irish voters.Irish businessman Declan Ganley, aleading “No” campaigner in 2008,

has said he may support the fiscalcompact if Brussels offers Dublinbetter terms in bailing out its banks.The chances of a “Yes” vote werearound 50-50, he was quoted assaying by Reuters news agency.While the compact only needs to beratified by 12 of the eurozone statesto take effect, any state which failsto back it will lose the right tofuture bailouts.An international bailout worthabout 85bn euros ($113bn; £72bn)was granted to Dublin in November2010.

Bob CarBob CarBob CarBob CarBob Carr tor tor tor tor totaktaktaktaktake fe fe fe fe forororororeigneigneigneigneignafafafafaffffffairairairairairs rs rs rs rs roleoleoleoleolePrime Minister Julia Gillard re-vealed her new cabinet today after aweek of speculation. As late as thismorning it was believed that De-fence Minister Stephen Smith wouldbe reappointed to his former roleafter internal resistance to bringingMr Carr into the position.Mr Carr was approached for the jobearlier this week but the offer wasthen reported to have been with-drawn amid protests from Laborministers such as Simon Crean andMr Smith, who were consideredcontenders for the job.Mr Smith will continue as DefenceMinister and Ms Gillard said that hehad a lot of work in front of him inthat portfolio. “There are majordecisions that need to be made incoming months,” she said.She would not be drawn on hisspecific reaction to the news that MrCarr had taken the foreign affairsrole.

Former attorney-general and Ruddsupporter Robert McClelland wasdumped from the ministry alto-gether and Ms Gillard thanked him“for his many years of service in theministry’’ and said that he was a‘’great Labor man’’.There were concerns within Laborthat Mr McClelland would quitpolitics after the announcement,and force a by-election. However,this afternoon he said he wouldcontinue as an MP - but notbefore blaming his dumping on hisdecision to back Kevin Rudd inMonday’s leadership ballot.Earlier today Ms Gillard said shemade the offer to Mr Carr becauseshe thought he should be a memberof the “strongest possible team”.It is Ms Gillard’s second reshufflesince December. Former Laborsenator Gareth Evans was the lastpolitician to preside over the portfo-lio from the upper house. Mr Carrjoins a distinguished list of federalpoliticans to assume the role, in-cluding former prime ministersGough Whitlam, Billy McMahonand Robert Menzies.Ms Gillard said she was delightedthat he had accepted, but she de-clined to go through the “manyconversations” she had with peoplethis week regarding the reshuffle.She said that she had spoken to MrCarr late yesterday morning andhad made him the offer.Mr Carr said that Ms Gillard hadmade him an offer he could notrefuse.‘’You don’t choose the moment;very often the moment choosesyou,’’ he told reporters in Canberra.Mr Carr admitted that he had been“churned up” by “warring emo-tions” over the decision.He noted that he had been out ofpublic life for six years - but saidthat Ms Gillard’s voice had “rousedhim” from his slumber.Mr Carr said that he had been

through “a few” reshuffles before -and added that they had been“pretty grim”, as they always fea-tured argument, conjecture andpeople “thinking out loud”.

In the end, Mr Carr added: “It is the

leader who cuts through.”

Mr Carr said that there would be

inevitable differences between

himself and Kevin Rudd in the

portfolio but he wanted to honour

his predecessor’s achievements,

including the UN Security Council

seat bid, increased overseas aid and

Burma.

The former premier talked up

Australia’s chances for a UN Secu-

rity Council seat. He said there

was a “cautious optimism” around

the bid.

“Australia’s credentials in this areas

are impeccable; we have a contribu-

tion to make.”

He echoed Mr Rudd’s previous

sentiments in saying that it was

about Australia’s commitment to

multilateralism.

Mr Carr said that he could

“mobilise” the things he had learnt

in his career in his new role. He said

the opportunity to speak about and

represent Australia was a “great

honour”.

Mr Carr talked optimistically about

Labor’s chances at the next election.

He said that the gap between Labor

and Coalition was not as great as

the gap had been on several previ-

ous occasions.

He said that, when voters focused

on policy-making over

“sloganeering”, they would turn to

Labor.

He said he intended to run again

for the Senate when his term ex-

pired.

“I am a natural senator,” Mr Carr

said with a laugh.

Mr Carr said that he felt fit, ener-

getic and full of ideas before going

to Canberra.

Ms Gillard said she would be talk-

ing to NSW Premier Barry O’Farrell

today to “expedite” Mr Carr’s

appointment to the NSW Senate

and thus to the foreign ministry.

This afternoon Mr Smith congratu-

lated Mr Carr on his appointment

and said he would be a terrific

foreign minister and addition to

cabinet.

‘’I’ve known Bob for very many

years,’’ he said. ‘’I’m very much 

looking forward to working with 

him, as you know defence ministers

and foreign ministers work very

closely.’’

Mr Smith said he had no right  to be

disappointed about Ms Gillard’s

decision to give foreign affairs to

Mr Carr.

‘’There are no entitlements in public

life,’’ he told reporters in Canberra.

In other movements, Craig Emerson

will continue as acting Foreign

Affairs Minister until Mr Carr takes

up the Senate vacancy. Mr Emerson

has had his portfolio expanded to

include the role of Minister for

Trade and Competitiveness, paying

particular attention to increasing

Australia’s international economic

competitiveness, with a focus on the

Australia in the Asian Century

White Paper.

Brendan O’Connor has been pro-

moted into cabinet as the Minister

for Small Business and as Minister

for Housing and Homelessness.

Attorney-General Nicola Roxon

picks up Emergency Management.

Environment Minister Tony Burke

will take on the additional role of

vice-president of the Executive

Council.

Senator Kate Lundy was promoted

to Minister for Sport and Minister

for Multicultural Affairs, as well as

Minister Assisting for Industry and

Innovation.

Member for Lindsay David

Bradbury was appointed as Assis-

tant Treasurer, and in the newly-

created position of Minister Assist-

ing for Deregulation.

Home Affairs Minister Jason Clare

will take on the additional portfolio

of Minister for Defence Materiel.

Kim Carr loses Manufacturing to

Climate Change and Industry

Minister Greg Combet but picks up

Human Services.

Jan McLucas will become Parlia-

mentary Secretary to the Prime

Minister.

Queensland MP Bernie Ripoll is the

new Parliamentary Secretary to the

Treasurer, while Sharon Bird be-

comes Parliamentary Secretary for

Higher Education and Skills.

Jacinta Collins will become Man-

ager of Government Business in the

Senate following Mark Arbib’s

retirement.

The Governor-General, Quentin

Bryce, will swear in the new minis-

try at Government House in

Canberra.

ASEAN cASEAN cASEAN cASEAN cASEAN chair Cambodia sahair Cambodia sahair Cambodia sahair Cambodia sahair Cambodia saysysysysysMyMyMyMyMyanmar polls franmar polls franmar polls franmar polls franmar polls free and fee and fee and fee and fee and fairairairairairCambodian observers declared week-end by-elections in Myanmar free andfair, as opposition leader Aung SanSuu Kyi heralded the start of a “newera” for the country.The observer mission, representingthe Cambodian chair of the Associa-tion of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN), concluded that yesterday’spolls were “conducted in a free, fairand transparent manner”.It also called upon the internationalcommunity to consider lifting sanc-tions imposed on Myanmar, formerlyknown as Burma, over the military’s long record of human rightsabuses.“The overall environment was calm, peaceful and non-violent,” themission said in a statement sent to reporters in Phnom Penh, a day afterSuu Kyi appeared to have won a seat in parliament for the first time.“Despite complaints of irregularities and intimidation, this delegationdid not observe any incidents that might have affected the process or theresults of the by-elections.”It said Nobel laureate Suu Kyi and her National League for Democracy(NLD) were able to campaign freely,and foreign observers were nothindered.“It was observed on the day of theby-elections that the people ofMyanmar eagerly turned out to casttheir votes at their respective pollingstations,” the observers said.“Many voters said they stronglywelcomed the by-elections andbelieved this would pave the way for national reconciliation and democ-racy in Myanmar.”It said the the by-elections were “another significant step for Myanmarin its process of its democratic reform”.“We urge the international community to consider lifting economicsanctions on Myanmar so that the people of Myanmar can enjoy betteropportunities in realising their aspirations for peace, national reconcilia-tion, democracy and national development.”Suu Kyi’s election to political office, if confirmed, would mark the latestdramatic change in the country after decades of outright military ruleended last year.OvOvOvOvOvererererervievievievieviewwwwwThe Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN, was establishedon 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, with the signing of the ASEANDeclaration (Bangkok Declaration) by the Founding Fathers of ASEAN,namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.Brunei Darussalam then joined on 7 January 1984, Viet Nam on 28 July1995, Lao PDR and Myanmar on 23 July 1997, and Cambodia on 30 April1999, making up what is today the ten Member States of ASEAN.AIMS AND PURPOSESAIMS AND PURPOSESAIMS AND PURPOSESAIMS AND PURPOSESAIMS AND PURPOSESAs set out in the ASEAN Declaration, the aims and purposes of ASEANare:n To accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural devel-opment in the region through joint endeavours in the spirit of equalityand partnership in order to strengthen the foundation for a prosperousand peaceful community of Southeast Asian Nations;n To promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect forjustice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries of theregion and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter;n To promote active collaboration and mutual assistance on matters ofcommon interest in the economic, social, cultural, technical, scientificand administrative fields;n To provide assistance to each other in the form of training and re-search facilities in the educational, professional, technical and adminis-trative spheres;n To collaborate more effectively for the greater utilisation of theiragriculture and industries, the expansion of their trade, including thestudy of the problems of international commodity trade, the improve-ment of their transportation and communications facilities and theraising of the living standards of their peoples;n To promote Southeast Asian studies; andn To maintain close and beneficial cooperation with existing interna-tional and regional organisations with similar aims and purposes, andexplore all avenues for even closer cooperation among themselves.FUNDFUNDFUNDFUNDFUNDAMENTAMENTAMENTAMENTAMENTAL PRINCIPLESAL PRINCIPLESAL PRINCIPLESAL PRINCIPLESAL PRINCIPLESIn their relations with one another, the ASEAN Member States haveadopted the following fundamental principles, as contained in theTreaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia (TAC) of 1976:n Mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorialintegrity, and national identity of all nations;n The right of every State to lead its national existence free from exter-nal interference, subversion or coercion;n Non-interference in the internal affairs of one another;n Settlement of differences or disputes by peaceful manner;n Renunciation of the threat or use of force; andn Effective cooperation among themselves.ASEAN COMMUNITYASEAN COMMUNITYASEAN COMMUNITYASEAN COMMUNITYASEAN COMMUNITYThe ASEAN Vision 2020, adopted by the ASEAN Leaders on the 30thAnniversary of ASEAN, agreed on a shared vision of ASEAN as a con-cert of Southeast Asian nations, outward looking, living in peace, stabil-ity and prosperity, bonded together in partnership in dynamic develop-ment and in a community of caring societies.At the 9th ASEAN Summit in 2003, the ASEAN Leaders resolved that anASEAN Community shall be established.At the 12th ASEAN Summit in January 2007, the Leaders affirmed theirstrong commitment to accelerate the establishment of an ASEAN Com-munity by 2015 and signed the Cebu Declaration on the Acceleration ofthe Establishment of an ASEAN Community by 2015.The ASEAN Community is comprised of three pillars, namely theASEAN Political-Security Community, ASEAN Economic Communityand ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community. Each pillar has its own Blue-print, and, together with the Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI)Strategic Framework and IAI Work Plan Phase II (2009-2015), they formthe Roadmap for and ASEAN Community 2009-2015.

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DEVELOP INDIA English Weekly NewspaperAllahabad; Sunday; Year 4, Vol. 1, Issue 186, 26 Feb - 4 March, 2012

DEVELOP INDIA

English Weekly Newspaper55555

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EDITORIALDEVELOP INDIA

English Weekly Newspaper

Year 4, Vol. 1, Issue 186, 26 Feb - 4 March, 2012

OPINION - EDITORIALS

IMMINENT DANGER OFFAMINE IN THE SAHEL

The U.N. Food and Agricul

ture Organization reports

that an estimated number of

sixteen million people may soon

suffer from food shortages in the

Sahel region. UNICEF prepares for

a worst case scenario of providing

food for 1.5 million children with

acute malnutrition.

The U.N. Office for the Coordina-

tion of Humanitarian Affairs an-

nounced that by the United Nations

had so far only received about a

quarter of the US$1 billion required

for the imminent food crisis; the

United Nations had appealed to the

international community for dona-

tions.

The situation is further complicated

by Tuareg separatists in Mali,

which are a security risk to the

charities and have displaced resi-

dents to other states of the Sahel, as

well as by workers in Niger, who

have returned from Libya or Nige-

ria, but found no occupation in

Niger. The government of Niger has

initiated a program for this group

consisting of relief food aid and

labor schemes.

"We witnessed last year the situa-

tion spiraling out of control in East

Africa as the aid community failed

to act swiftly," explained Mamadou

Biteye, the regional director of

Oxfam for West Africa: "The worst

can be avoided and thousands of

lives will be saved if we act now.

It's that simple."

The last food crises were the 2011

East Africa drought in the Horn of

Africa and the 2010 Sahel famine.

The Sahel drought was a series ofhistoric droughts, beginning in at

least the 17th century affecting the

Sahel region, a climate zone sand-

wiched between the African sa-

vanna grasslands to the south and

the Sahara desert to the north,

across West and Central Africa.

IAIAIAIAIATTTTTA calls fA calls fA calls fA calls fA calls for UNor UNor UNor UNor UNdeal to adeal to adeal to adeal to adeal to avvvvvererererert carbont carbont carbont carbont carbon

trtrtrtrtrade wade wade wade wade wararararar

Global airlines called for a deal brokered by a United Nationsagency to avoid an impasse between China and the EuropeanUnion over jet pollution spilling into a trade war.

China’s decision to order its airlines not to join an EU carbon tradingscheme, and the EU’s refusal so far to back down on its plans, havewedged airlines between conflicting laws, the head of the Interna-tional Air Transport Association said.“This is an intolerable situation which clearly has to be resolved. Itcannot go on like this,” IATA Director General Tony Tyler toldReuters in an interview.Airlines have called on the EU to abandon a recently launchedscheme to charge for emissions and negotiate a global agreement atICAO, the aviation arm of the United Nations.“I very much hope of course that we are not seeing the beginning of atrade war on this issue and eventually wiser counsels will prevail,”Tyler said.He also said airlines faced a tough year in 2012 and warned of furtherairline bankruptcies in Europe or elsewhere if the region failed toresolve its sovereign debt crisis.A carbon tax is an environmental tax levied on the carbon content

of fuels. It is a form of carbon pricing. Carbon is present in every

hydrocarbon fuel (coal, petroleum, and natural gas) and is released

as carbon dioxide (CO2) when they are burnt. In contrast, non-

combustion energy sources—wind, sunlight,hydropower,

and nuclear—do not convert hydrocarbons to CO2. CO

2 is a heat-

trapping ”greenhouse” gas. Scientists have pointed to the potential

effects on the climate system of releasing greenhouse gases (GHGs)

into the atmosphere (see scientific opinion on global warming). Since

GHG emissions caused by the combustion of fossil fuels are closely

related to the carbon content of the respective fuels, a tax on these

emissions can be levied by taxing the carbon content of fossil fuels at

any point in the product cycle of the fuel.

Carbon taxes offer a potentially cost-effective means of reducing

greenhouse gas emissions. From an economic perspective, carbon

taxes are a type of Pigovian tax. They help to address the problem of

emitters of greenhouse gases not facing the full (social) costs of their

actions. Carbon taxes are a regressive tax, in that they disproportion-

ately affect low-income groups. The regressive nature of carbon taxes

can be addressed by using tax revenues to favour low-income groups.

A number of countries have implemented carbon taxes or energy

taxes that are related to carbon content. Most environmentally related

taxes with implications for greenhouse gas emissions

inOECD countries are levied on energy products and motor vehicles,

rather than on CO2 emissions directly.

Opposition to increased environmental regulation such as carbon

taxes often centres on concerns that firms might relocate and/or

people might lose their jobs. It has been argued, however, that carbon

taxes are more efficient than direct regulation and may even lead to

higher employment (see footnotes). Many large users of carbon re-

sources in electricity generation, such as the USA, Russia and China,

are resisting carbon taxation.

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While the frequency of drought in

the region is thought to have in-

creased from the end of the 19thcentury, three long droughts havehad dramatic environmental andsocietal effects upon the Sahelnations. Famine followed severedroughts in the 1910s, the 1940s,and the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s,although a partial recovery oc-curred from 1975-80. While at leastone particularly severe drought hasbeen confirmed each century since

the 17th century, the frequency and

severity of recent Sahelian droughts

stands out. Famine and dislocation

on a massive scale—from 1968 to

1974 and again in the early and mid

1980s—was blamed on two spikes

in the severity of the 1960-1980s

drought period. From the late 1960sto early 1980s famine killed a100,000 people, left 750,000 depen-

dent on food aid, and affected mostof the Sahel's 50 million people. Theeconomies, agriculture, livestock

and human populations of much ofMauritania, Mali, Chad, Niger andBurkina Faso (known as Upper

Volta during the time of thedrought) were severely impacted.As disruptive as the droughts of the

late 20th century were, evidence ofpast droughts recorded in Ghanaianlake sediments suggest that multi-

decadal megadroughts were com-mon in West Africa over the past3,000 years and that several

droughts lasted far longer and werefar more severe.Sahel : An Introduction

The Sahel is the ecoclimatic and

biogeographic zone of transition

between the Sahara desert in the

North and the Sudanian Savannas

in the south. It stretches across the

north of the African continent

between the Atlantic Ocean and the

Red Sea.

The Sahel covers most parts of the

territory of (from west to east)

Senegal, southern Mauritania, Mali,

Burkina Faso, southern Algeria,

Niger, northern Nigeria, Chad,

northern Cameroon, Sudan (includ-

ing Darfur and the southern part of

Sudan), and Eritrea.

‘Disaster is stalking children in

the Sahel’

UNICEF is warning that there is

little time left to stave off a disaster

facing more than a million children

aged below five in the Sahel region

of Africa. The dry, ‘lean’ season in

the eight affected countries is immi-

nent. For UNICEF, this will be

marked by rising numbers of chil-

dren in feeding centres who will

need lifesaving treatment.

‘A multiple disaster is stalking

children in the Sahel,’ said the

agency’s Regional Director, David

Gressly. ‘Even in a best case sce-

nario we are expecting more than a

million children suffering from

severe and acute malnutrition to

enter feeding centres over the next

six months. More extreme condi-

tions could see the number rise to

around 1.5 million, and funding is

still not coming at the rate we need

to prepare properly.’ So far the

agency has received US$24 million

dollars against an emergency ap-

peal of US$119 million dollars for

2012.

Governments, UNICEF, other UN

agencies and international aid

organisations are responding to a

crisis caused by poor rainfall and

failed harvests affecting an esti-

mated 10 million people in areas of

Chad, Burkina Faso, Mauritania,

Mali, Niger, northern Nigeria,

northern Cameroon and parts of the

north in Senegal. The conflict in

Mali, which has led to people flee-

ing their homes, has increased

demand for emergency assistance

not only there, but in neighbouring

countries that have received refu-

gees.

‘The upsurge of fighting in Mali, as

well the acute insecurity in northern

Nigeria and elsewhere, are compli-

cating the aid operation,’ said

Gressly. ‘Without a good emer-

gency response and a sustained

effort to reduce risk in the medium

to long term an entire generation

faces a future of dependency, pov-

erty and threatened survival.’

UNICEF works in 190 countries and

territories to help children survive

and thrive, from early childhood

through adolescence. The world’s

largest provider of vaccines for

developing countries, UNICEF

supports child health and nutrition,

good water and sanitation, quality

basic education for all boys and

girls, and the protection of children

from violence, exploitation, and

AIDS. UNICEF is funded entirely

by the voluntary contributions of

individuals, businesses, foundations

and governments. For more infor-

mation about UNICEF and its work

visit: www.unicef.org

Ajit Pal Singh appointed Chef-de-

Mission for London Olympics

India is scheduled to compete at the

2012 Summer Olympics in London,

United Kingdom from 27 July to 12

August 2012. Indian government has

allocated a sum of Rs 60.85 million to

train 22 sports persons of different

individual disciplines to ensure that

India is able to get maximum possible

medals in this event. Ajit Pal Singh has

been named the chef de mission by the

IOA on 2nd April 2012.

The Indian Olympic Association, IOA

named former hockey captain Ajitpal

Singh as Chef-de-Mission of nationalcontingent for the London Olympics.Three time Olympian Ajitpal, who ledthe country to its only victory in theWorld cup in 1975 so far, is the firstactive sports person to be honoured bybeing appointed as Chef-de-Mission ofthe Olympic contingent. Making thisannouncement in New Delhi on Mon-day, the IOA acting president VijayKumar Malhotra said senior vice-presidents Tarlochan Singh and BPBaisaya will be the IOA’s delegates forthe Games. He said he was confidentthat Ajitpal will live up to the highexpectations, and will be a true ambas-sador of the country.The Indian government has decided tospend over Rs 20 crore for availing theservices of 28 foreign sports supportstaff in various disciplines keeping aneye on next year’s London 2012 Olym-pic Games.According to a report by the ministryof sports, the amount spent on coach’ssalary will be around 7.7 percent(approx) of the total expenditure of Rs258.9 crore planned for the next 400days upto the quadrennial extrava-

ganza.

Mission for London OlympicsIndian Participants in London Olym-

pic 2012

Archery

Women’s Individual Event (3) -

 Laishram Bombayla Devi, Deepika

Kumari and Chekrovolu Swuro

Women’s Recurve Team Event (1) -

 Laishram Bombayla Devi, Deepika

Kumari and Chekrovolu Swuro

Men’s Individual event (1) - Jayanta

Talukdar

Athletics

Indian athletes have so far achieved

qualifying standards in the following

athletics events (up to a maximum of 3

athletes in each event at the ‘A’ Stan-

dard, and 1 at the ‘B’ Standard):

Qualified three (or more) athletes at the

A standard

None

Qualified two athletes at the A stan-

dard

Men’s 20 km race walk - Gurmeet

Singh, Baljinder Singh

Women’s discus throw - Krishna

Poonia, Seema Antil

Qualified one athlete at the A standard

None

Qualified one (or more) athletes at the

B standard

Men’s shot put - Om Prakash

Karhana

Men’s discus throw -Vikas Gowda

BoBoBoBoBoxingxingxingxingxing

India has earned 4 quotas in boxing

Men's Light Flyweight (49 Kg) -

Devendro Singh

Men's Lightweight (60 Kg) - Jai

Bhagwan

Men's Light Welterweight (64 Kg) -

Manoj Kumar

Men's Welterweight (69 Kg) - Vikas

Krishan Yadav

Field hocField hocField hocField hocField hockkkkkeeeeeyyyyyThe India national field hockey team

on 26 February 2012, qualified for the

2012 Summer Olympics after winning

a qualifying tournamentagainst France

with 8 - 1. India stands in Pool B of the

men's competion.

Pool B

" Germany

" Netherlands

" Korea

" New Zealand

" India

" Belgium

ShootingShootingShootingShootingShootingIndia has earned eleven quotas in

shooting events :

Men's 50 m rifle 3 position - 2 quota

place

Men's 50 m rifle prone - 1 quota

place.

Men's 10 m air rifle - 2 quota place.

Men's 25 m rapid fire pistol - 1 quota

place.

Men's double trap - 1 quota place.

Men's trap - 1 quota place.

Women's 25 m pistol - 1 quota place.

Women's 10 m air pistol - 1 quota

place.

Women's trap - 1 quota place

The National Rifle Association of India

(NRAI) has announced the following

squad to the 2012 Summer Olympics.

MEN'S

Men's 10 m air rifle-Abhinav Bindra,

Gagan Narang

Men's 50 m rifle 3 position - Sanjeev

Rajput, Gagan Narang

Men's 50 m rifle prone -Gagan

Narang, Joydeep Karmakar

Men's 25 m rapid fire pistol-Vijay

Kumar

Men's trap - Manavjit Singh Sandhu

Men's double trap -Ronjan Sodhi

WWWWWOMEN'SOMEN'SOMEN'SOMEN'SOMEN'S

Women's 25 m pistol -Rahi Sarnobat,

Annuraj Singh

Women's 10 m air pistol -Annuraj

Singh, Heena Sidhu

Women's trap - Shagun Chowdhury

SwimmingSwimmingSwimmingSwimmingSwimming

Indian swimmers have so far achieved

qualifying standards in the following

events (up to a maximum of 2 swim-

mers in each event at the Olympic

Qualifying Time (OQT), and 1 at the

Olympic Selection Time (OST)) :

Two (or more) swimmers have

achieved the Olympic Qualifying Time

None

One swimmer has achieved the Olym-

pic Qualifying Time

None

One (or more) swimmers have

achieved the Olympic Selection Time

Men's 100 m freestyle - Virdhawal

Khade

Men's 100 m breaststroke - Sandeep

Sejwal

Men's 200 m freestyle - Aaron

D'Souza

Men's 1500 m freestyle - Saurabh

Sangvekar

WWWWWrrrrrestlingestlingestlingestlingestlingSummer Olympics and Wrestling at

the 2012 Summer Olympics - Qualifica-

tion

India has qualified in the following

events.

" Men's freestyle -55 kg

" Men's freestyle -60 kg

" Women's freestyle -55kg

DEVELOP INDIA English Weekly NewspaperAllahabad; Sunday; Year 4, Vol. 1, Issue 186, 26 Feb - 4 March, 2012

DEVELOP INDIA

English Weekly Newspaper 66666

Here are the winners andnominees for the BaftaFilm Awards 2012.

Best filmThe ArtistThe DescendantsDriveThe HelpTinker Tailor Soldier Spy

Outstanding British filmOutstanding British filmOutstanding British filmOutstanding British filmOutstanding British filmTinker Tailor Soldier SpyMy Week With MarilynSennaShameWe Need To Talk About KevinBest dirBest dirBest dirBest dirBest directorectorectorectorectorMichel Hazanavicius - The ArtistNicolas Winding Refn - DriveMartin Scorsese - HugoTomas Alfredson - Tinker TailorSoldier SpyLynne Ramsay - We Need To TalkAbout KevinBest actorBest actorBest actorBest actorBest actorJean Dujardin - The ArtistBrad Pitt - MoneyballGary Oldman - Tinker Tailor Sol-dier SpyGeorge Clooney - The DescendantsMichael Fassbender - ShameBest actrBest actrBest actrBest actrBest actressessessessessMeryl Streep - The Iron LadyBerenice Bejo - The ArtistMichelle Williams - My Week withMarilynTilda Swinton - We Need to TalkAbout KevinViola Davis - The HelpBest supporBest supporBest supporBest supporBest supporting actorting actorting actorting actorting actorChristopher Plummer - BeginnersJim Broadbent - The Iron LadyJonah Hill - MoneyballKenneth Branagh - My Week withMarilynPhilip Seymour Hoffman - The Idesof MarchBest supporBest supporBest supporBest supporBest supporting actrting actrting actrting actrting actressessessessessOctavia Spencer - The HelpCarey Mulligan - DriveJessica Chastain - The HelpJudi Dench - My Week withMarilynMelissa McCarthy - BridesmaidsBest DocumentarBest DocumentarBest DocumentarBest DocumentarBest DocumentaryyyyySennaGeorge Harrison: Living in theMaterial WorldProject NimOutstanding deOutstanding deOutstanding deOutstanding deOutstanding debbbbbut but but but but by ay ay ay ay aBritish writerBritish writerBritish writerBritish writerBritish writer,,,,, dir dir dir dir directorectorectorectorectoror pror pror pror pror produceroduceroduceroduceroducerTyrannosaur - Paddy Considine

(director), Diarmid Scrimshaw

(producer)Attack The Block - Joe Cornish(director/writer)Black Pond - Will Sharpe (director/writer), Tom Kingsley (director),Sarah Brocklehurst (producer)Coriolanus - Ralph Fiennes (director)Submarine - Richard Ayoade (direc-tor/writer)Best fBest fBest fBest fBest forororororeign languaeign languaeign languaeign languaeign languagggggeeeeefilmfilmfilmfilmfilmThe Skin I Live In (Spain)Incendies (Canada)Pina (Germany)Potiche (France)A Separation (Iran)Best animaBest animaBest animaBest animaBest animated fted fted fted fted feaeaeaeaeaturturturturtureeeeefilmfilmfilmfilmfilmRangoThe Adventures Of Tintin: TheSecret Of The UnicornArthur ChristmasBest original scrBest original scrBest original scrBest original scrBest original screenplaeenplaeenplaeenplaeenplayyyyyThe Artist - Michel HazanaviciusBridesmaids - Annie Mumolo,Kristen WiigThe Guard - John MichaelMcDonaghThe Iron Lady - Abi MorganMidnight In Paris - Woody AllenBest adaBest adaBest adaBest adaBest adaptedptedptedptedptedscrscrscrscrscreenplaeenplaeenplaeenplaeenplayyyyyTinker Tailor Soldier Spy - BridgetO’Connor, Peter StraughanThe Descendants - AlexanderPayne, Nat Faxon, Jim RashThe Help - Tate TaylorThe Ides Of March - GeorgeClooney, Grant Heslov, Beau

Bafta Film Awards 2012: WinnersWillimonMoneyball - Steven Zaillian, AaronSorkinBest original scorBest original scorBest original scorBest original scorBest original scoreeeeeThe Artist - Ludovic Bource

The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo -Trent Reznor, Atticus RossHugo - Howard ShoreTinker Tailor Soldier Spy - AlbertoIglesiasWar Horse - John WilliamsCinemaCinemaCinemaCinemaCinematototototogggggrrrrraaaaaphphphphphyyyyyThe Artist - Guillaume SchiffmanThe Girl With The Dragon Tattoo -Jeff CronenwethHugo - Robert RichardsonTinker Tailor Soldier Spy - Hoytevan HoytemaWar Horse - Janusz KaminskiEditingEditingEditingEditingEditingSenna - Gregers Sall, Chris KingThe Artist - Anne-Sophie Bion,Michel HazanaviciusDrive - Mat NewmanHugo - Thelma SchoonmakerTinker Tailor Soldier Spy - DinoJonsaterPrPrPrPrProduction designoduction designoduction designoduction designoduction designHugo

The ArtistHarry Potter And The DeathlyHallows - Part 2Tinker Tailor Soldier SpyWar HorseCostume designCostume designCostume designCostume designCostume designThe ArtistHugoJane EyreMy Week With MarilynTinker Tailor Soldier SpySoundSoundSoundSoundSoundHugoThe ArtistHarry Potter And The DeathlyHallows - Part 2Tinker Tailor Soldier SpyWar HorseSpecial Special Special Special Special VVVVVisual Efisual Efisual Efisual Efisual EffffffectsectsectsectsectsHarry Potter And The DeathlyHallows - Part 2The Adventures Of Tintin: TheSecret Of The UnicornHugoRise Of The Planet Of The ApesWar HorseMakMakMakMakMake-up and haire-up and haire-up and haire-up and haire-up and hairThe Iron LadyThe ArtistHarry Potter And The DeathlyHallows - Part 2

HugoMy Week With Marilyn

ShorShorShorShorShort animat animat animat animat animationtiontiontiontionA Morning Stroll

AbuelasBobby Yeah Robert Morgan

ShorShorShorShorShort ft ft ft ft filmilmilmilmilmPitch Black Heist

Chalk

Mwansa The GreatOnly Sound RemainsTwo And Two

BBBBBAFTAFTAFTAFTAFTA :A :A :A :A : An IntrAn IntrAn IntrAn IntrAn IntroductionoductionoductionoductionoductionThe British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) supports,promotes and develops the art forms of the moving image; film,television and video games, identifying and rewarding excellence,inspiring practitioners and benefiting the public.As the leading charity in the UK, supporting the art forms of themoving image, BAFTA ensures that the very best creative work can beaccessed and appreciated by the British public.The Academy - Our MissionThe Academy is proud of its expert industry membership of around6,500 across the UK and the US and each year focuses attention on thehighest achievements in film, television and games distributed in theUK. Our aim is to inspire and motivate those who make them, encour-aging high standards across all three genres and benefiting the public.As well as our famous BAFTA Awards ceremonies, we are committedto sharing the craft of film, television and games production, stagingover 200 public events a year across the UK and beyond, which giveour members, the industry and the public the opportunity to learnfirst hand from leading industry practitioners, many of whom arefamous household names.In this way, we provide a forum for knowledge which extends onlineat www.bafta.org/guru . This in turn drives standards and we seekout and encourage new talent, encouraging them into the creativeindustries and celebrating the very best creative work in film, televi-sion and games.

Outstanding ContributionOutstanding ContributionOutstanding ContributionOutstanding ContributionOutstanding ContributionIn 2012 John Hurt is recognised at the Orange British Academy FilmAwards for a lifetime of Outstand-ing British Contribution to Cinema.To celebrate the honour, BAFTA'sOfficial Menswear Stylist; HackettLondon hosted a lunch for Hurt andguests. The lunch was held at SavoyLondon with guests such as TerryGilliam, Alan Parker and StephenFrears in attendance. Photographyfrom BAFTA's Archive and of Hurtset are also displayed in this gallery,in recognition of his extraordinarycareer in film.

DEVELOP INDIA English Weekly NewspaperAllahabad; Sunday; Year 4, Vol. 1, Issue 186, 26 Feb - 4 March, 2012

DEVELOP INDIA

English Weekly Newspaper77777

Japan's government has declaredits first ever "nuclear emergency" after pressure rises in the

No. 1 reactor at the FukushimaDaiichi power plant, combined witha minor radiation leak, caused a 10km radius around the plant to beevacuated. An attempt to relieve thepressure inside the containmentvessels of the plant has been de-layed.The Tokyo Electric PowerCompany's 40-year old nuclearfacility, 270 km NE of Tokyo, re-ported mechanical difficulties withits cooling system, although theautomated shutdown systemsworked correctly. With the corereaction shut down the plant is nolonger actively generating heat, butthe fuel rods continue to generateexcess heat and radiation and needconstant cooling.The cooling system runs a constantflow of water to take the heat awayfrom the submerged fuel rods, butthe pumping system requires elec-tricity to operate even after theplant is no longer producing elec-tricity itself—generally from back-up diesel or natural gas generators.U.S Nuclear Regulatory SecretarySteven Chu reported to CongressWednesday that the incidents at theFukushima I Nuclear Power Plantmay end up as a larger disaster thanthe Three Mile Island meltdownfaced by the U.S. in 1979. However,he said reports from Japan officialsare contradictory, and concludedthat "we don't really know in detailwhat's happening. We hear conflict-ing reports."International frustration is focusingon the slow pace and lack of detailcharacterizing the updates fromJapan. The director general of theInternational Atomic EnergyAgency, Yukiya Amano, said Japanneeds to provide more frequent anddetailed information on the crisis tothe world.Currently, the lack of information isparticularly important regardingthe threat posed by reactor numberfour. The building housing thereactor is no longer on fire, butsmoke or steam is visible on televi-sion pictures. Yoshitaka Nagayama,a spokesman for Japan's Nuclearand Industrial Safety Agency,admitted that " because we havebeen unable to go the scene, wecannot confirm whether there iswater left or not in the spent fuelpool at Reactor No. 4."Thomas Neff, a reactor safety expertwith the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology, said: "The problem isthat nobody knows. If you don'tknow and you're TEPCO, youprobably underplay it. If you're theregulator, you probably see it in aworse light.""The odds are pretty good that noone has good information," said aformer Nuclear Regulatory Com-missioner, Peter Bradford, who wason the commission at the time of theThree Mile Island disaster.The operators of the strickenFukushima I nuclear power plant innortheast Japan have been orderedto pay compensation to familiesaffected by the ongoing crisis at thesite, amid calls for the resignation ofthe Japanese prime minister overhow he is handling the crisis, whichhas now been designated on parwith the Chernobyl disaster in 1986.Japanese officials ordered TEPCO topay ¥1 million (US$12 thousand,£7.35 thousand) to each householdaffected by the crisis, which thecompany says will add up to ap-proximately ¥50 billion (US$599million, £367 million). Earlier thisweek, officials announced plans to

Conflicting reports, mounting fear,

over Japanese nuclear disasterexpand the nuclear exclusion zonearound the plant to include fivemore communities as radiationcontinues to leak from the plant.Pressure is now mounting for theresignation of Naoto Kan, the Japa-nese prime minister, for his han-dling of the nuclear crisis inFukushima; some of his opponentshave called for an independentinquiry into how he reacted to thedisaster.TEPCO has this week announcedplans to move equipment to higherground after a series of strongaftershocks that have hamperedefforts to repair the crippled facility.Officials have warned some of thenuclear rods in the reactors at theplant may have been damaged, butlikely remain intact. Workers at theplant are still fighting a desperatebattle to stop radiation leaking fromthe plant, but have been hit byconstant setbacks.Earlier this week officials of NISA,the Japanese government nuclearauthority, said officials had up-graded the crisis to a level seven onthe International Nuclear EventScale—the same applied to theChernobyl disaster—designatingthe crisis as a "major accident" with"wider consequences" than previ-ously thought. "We have upgradedthe severity level to seven as theimpact of radiation leaks has beenwidespread from the air, veg-etables, tap water and the ocean," hesaid.Akihito, the emperor of Japan,travelled to the northeast of thecountry on Wednesday to visitsurvivors of the tsunami whichdevastated the area last monthagainst a backdrop of mountinganger over the at a nuclear plant,where technicians are continuing tobattle to cool the reactors as radia-tion continues to leak from the site.Akihito and his wife, Michiko, metpeople displaced by the tragedy attwo emergency shelters in Asahi,near the northeast coast where thetsunami struck. 140,000 people arenow living in emergency sheltersacross Japan after their homes weredestroyed in the disaster.Emergency workers, dressed inprotective white suits, gloves andgoggles, have began searching forbodies within the exclusion zonearound the stricken nuclear plant,much of which was left muddiedand destroyed by the tsunami.Officials fear up to 1,000 bodiesmay be among the wreckage in thearea. Search efforts in the area havebeen put off because of high radia-tion levels, but authorities want torecover bodies before they deterio-rate to the point where they becomea health hazard and impossible toidentify.Japanese television reported radia-tion levels in the ocean off the planthave fallen but remain high. Healthofficials have found radiation 25times the legal limit in fish caughtsouth of the nuclear plant, andradioactivity had been detected in11 different vegetables inFukushima earlier this week. Thedeath toll from the disaster is con-tinuing to rise; Japanese police havereported 13,300 people have beenconfirmed dead and more than15,000 are still missing.Another aftershock, with a magni-tude of 6.1, struck on Thursdaymorning, following a more power-ful one, measuring magnitude 6.6,on Monday. Hundreds of after-shocks have rattled northeast Japanin the month since the initial earth-quake. Before the aftershock onMonday, people across Japan

marked the one month anniversaryof the earthquake with a moment ofsilence, and Kan paid tribute tocountries who had sent aid to thestricken country. However, Kan hasbeen criticised for his handling ofthe nuclear crisis. An entrepreneurin Fukushima, Yoshihisa Kato,complained about how he had beenleft abandoned by the government."I am physically and mentally wornout by the nuclear crisis," he said."They have done nothing so far tohelp us."Two weeks after a disastrous earth-quake and tsunami hit Japan, thesituation at the severely damagedFukushima I Nuclear Power Planthas been described by the PrimeMinister as "very grave and seri-ous". In a nationally televised reportto the nation on Friday, Naoto Kansaid the Japanese government was"not in a position where we can beoptimistic."Radiation is reported to still beleaking from the plant, inFukushima prefecture. "The sourceof the radiation seems to be thereactor core," said Nuclear andIndustrial Safety Agency officialHidehiko Nishiyama, adding thatradiation was "more likely" comingfrom the core than from thereactor's spent fuel pool.Three workers stepped into con-taminated cooling water in thereactor's turbine room while tryingto replace cables at reactor No. 3,Nishiyama said. The water seepedinto the the boots of two of theworkers, touching their skin andcausing lesions; the third worker'sclothing protected him from thewater. The two workers with skinlesions were hospitalized for radia-tion exposure. The radiation level ofthe contaminated water measured10,000 times the level of coolingwater in an undamaged reactor.Work has been stopped on attemptsto reattach a permanent power lineto the cooling system in reactor No.3, and the building has been evacu-ated. Nishiyama could give nopredictions of when work wouldresume. The possibility that water isleaking from the core of reactor No.3 increases the danger for workerswho attempt to cool the crippledplant. The reactors must be cooledbefore more safety work can begin.Japan had been using seawater forcooling since the disaster crippledthe power plant's cooling systems,but U.S. officials were concerned

that saltwater could harm theequipment, causing it to seize upand corrode, thereby worsening thesituation.Japan begins using helicopters todrop water on nuclear plantJapanese military helicopters havebegun to drop water on theFukushima Daiichi nuclear powerplant in an effort to cool reactors.The operation began at 0948 localtime (0048 UTC) today, after similarefforts were ended early yesterdaydue to radiation. Boeing CH-47Chinook helicopters dropped fourloads of water on reactors three andfour, with officials planning up totwelve more drops before crews areforced to leave the area due toradiation.The water drops are intended toboth cool the reactors and addwater to pools that hold fuel rods.These pools are believed to bealmost empty; if they run out ofwater the fuel rods can melt andrelease high levels of radiation. Thestorage pools have a capacity ofabout 2,000 tonnes of water, a thirdof that is needed to keep fuel rodssubmerged. Each helicopter cancarry 7.5 tonnes of water at a time.TV footage showed helicoptersdropping water from about 300 feetabove the reactors. Some time afterthe helicopters began to drop water,military trucks started using a watercannon to spray reactor three.The crisis at the power plant has ledto the evacuation of around 70,000people who lived within 20kilometres of the plant, while an-

other 140,000 are under orders to

stay inside. The United States has

asked its citizens who are within 80

kilometres of the plant to leave.

Power line to Japanese nuclear

plant completed

A power line to the Fukushima I

Nuclear Power Plant in Japan was

completed, which will allow cool-

ing systems at one of the facility's

reactors.

The new line, roughly one kilome-

ter (0.6 miles) in length, connects

the power grid to the power plant's

second reactor. It was completed at

about 1730 local time (0830 UTC) on

Thursday, and will be energized

once spraying of seawater over

reactor three is complete.

According to a Tokyo Electric

Power Company spokesperson,

once the power line is energized

"we will be able to activate various

electric pumps and pour water into

reactors and pools for spent nuclear

fuel," thus cooling temperatures

within the reactor.

The International Atomic Energy

Agency has said that the stricken

power plant is currently stable,

though there is still the chance of

matters growing worse. An official

at the agency said that "it's reason-

ably stable at the moment com-

pared."

Fukushima DaiicFukushima DaiicFukushima DaiicFukushima DaiicFukushima Daiichi Nuchi Nuchi Nuchi Nuchi NuclearlearlearlearlearPPPPPooooowwwwwer Planter Planter Planter Planter PlantThe Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant is a disabled nuclear power plantlocated on a 3.5-square-kilometre (860-acre) site in the towns of Okumaand Futaba in the Futaba District of Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Firstcommissioned in 1971, the plant consists of six boiling water reactors(BWR). These light water reactors drove electrical generators with a com-bined power of 4.7 GWe, making Fukushima Daiichi one of the 15 largestnuclear power stations in the world. Fukushima I was the first nuclearplant to be designed, constructed and run in conjunction with GeneralElectric, Boise, and Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO). The plantsuffered major damage from the 9.0 earthquake and subsequent tsunamithat hit Japan on March 11, 2011 and is not expected to reopen. The earth-quake and tsunami disabled the reactor cooling systems, leading tonuclear radiation leaks and triggering a 30 km evacuation zone surround-ing the plant. On April 20, 2011, the Japanese authorities declared the 20km evacuation zone a no-go area which may only be entered under gov-ernment supervision.The Fukushima II Nuclear Power Plant, or Fukushima Dai-ni ("numbertwo"), is located to the south and also run by TEPCO.

TTTTTokokokokokyyyyyo Electric Po Electric Po Electric Po Electric Po Electric PooooowwwwwerererererCompanyCompanyCompanyCompanyCompanyTokyo Electric Power Co., Ltd. or TEPCO, isa Japanese electric utilities servicing Japan'sKanto- region, Yamanashi Prefecture, andthe eastern portion of Shizuoka Prefecture.This area includes Tokyo. Its headquartersare located in Uchisaiwaicho, Chiyoda,Tokyo, and international branch offices existin Washington, D.C., and London.In 2007 Tepco was forced to shut theKashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plantafter the Niigata-Chuetsu-Oki Earthquake.That year it posted its first loss in 28 years.Corporate losses continued until the plantreopened in 2009. Following the March 2011To-hoku earthquake and tsunami, its power plant at Fukushima Daiichiwas the site of a continuing nuclear disaster, one of the world's mostserious. TEPCO could face ¥2 trillion ($23.6 billion) in special losses in thecurrent business year to March 2012, and Japan plans to put TEPCO undereffective state control as a guarantee for compensation payments to peopleaffected by radiation. The Fukushima disaster displaced 50,000 house-holds in the evacuation zone because of radiation leaks into the air, soiland sea.

AAAAAustrustrustrustrustralia to lose $2 billionalia to lose $2 billionalia to lose $2 billionalia to lose $2 billionalia to lose $2 billiondue to Jdue to Jdue to Jdue to Jdue to Jaaaaapanese disasterpanese disasterpanese disasterpanese disasterpanese disastersssssThe fallout from earthquake and tsunami catastrophes in Japan will costAustralia about A$2 billion in lost export earnings in the near term due tolower Australian exports to Japan, according to estimates in a Treasurybrief released Thursday. After China, Japan is Australia’s largest exportmarket, making up 15 percent of its total exports.Cquote1.svg The tragic events in Japan—together with the impact offloods and Cyclone Yasi at home—will clearly mean revenues take asubstantial hit in the near term."The tragic events in Japan—together with the impact of floods and Cy-clone Yasi at home—will clearly mean revenues take a substantial hit inthe near term", Treasurer Wayne Swan said in the brief.Short term exports of "non-rural bulk commodities" are predicted to belower as Japanese port facilities, coal-fired power stations and steel-mak-ing plants were damaged. Businesses whose export products are desig-nated for Japan must find other customers to replace Japanese clients, thebrief said. The loss of Japanese markets has been a contributor to a 6 per-cent drop in the price of iron ore and an 8 percent drop in the price of coal.Japan imports account for 27 percent of Australia's iron ore and coal ex-ports. Japan's manufacturing production index experienced its sharpestfall in the decade since data has been collected, indicating a steep fall inoutput for most businesses in Japan in March. Recently, Japanese industryseemed to be rebounding from the global financial crisis.In Asia, concern is mounting that the electricity shortages and other dis-ruptions to Japan's manufacturing sector will affect manufacturing invarious areas of Asia, since the manufacturing of many goods are depen-dent on the integrated network of supply chains.$2bn hit from Japan crisisThe Japanese earthquake and tsunami will cost Australia about $2 billionin lost export earnings this financial year, according to a Treasury esti-mate. But about one-third of this is expected to be recovered in futurequarters as volumes rebound.Treasurer Wayne Swan said yesterday the tragic events in Japan, togetherwith the impact at home of floods and cyclone Yasi, meant revenueswould take a ''substantial hit'' in the near term.He said the government would be framing the budget ''in really toughcircumstances''. But he recommitted the government to bringing the bud-get back to surplus in 2012-13.Advertisement: Story continues belowA Treasury brief to Mr Swan says the main channel through which theJapanese disasters are expected to affect the Australian economy is non-rural bulk commodity exports - iron ore and coal. Japanese demand forthese commodities will be lower in the short term because of damage toport facilities and coal-fired power stations and disruption to steel making.Japan is Australia's second-largest export market, accounting for about 15per cent of the total value of Australian exports in 2009-10. The brief saysthat, in the medium term, higher Japanese demand is likely to supportworld prices for non-rural bulk commodities, with reconstruction boostingdemand for steel, iron ore and metallurgical coal, while a decrease innuclear power production may boost demand for thermal coal.Any increase in demand for non-rural bulk commodities is expected to begradual.Increased Japanese demand is unlikely to affect Australian export volumesbecause present world prices are already encouraging producers to exportat full capacity.

ONLINE SUBSCRIPTION OF MINERVA MONTHLY MAGAZINE ONLINE SUBSCRIPTION OF DEVELOP INDIA ENGLISH WEEKLY MINI YEAR BOOK 2012 : 200/- YEARLY SUBSCRIPTION

DEVELOP INDIA English Weekly NewspaperAllahabad; Sunday; Year 4, Vol. 1, Issue 186, 26 Feb - 4 March, 2012

DEVELOP INDIA

English Weekly Newspaper 88888

Career in Film IndustryA

nother interesting feature isthis field’s highly innovative and versatile nature.

No matter how long you spend inthis industry, you will find yourselfdoing something new, learningsomething different ever so often - adifferent story, a programme with anew twist, set, graphic or a differentvoice-over. After all, working for agame show or a soap opera is vastlydifferent from contributing to anews or current affairs programme.And it is this challenge and varietythat keeps you going despite thelong erratic hours, the stress and thegreasy samosas that substitute forlunch, dinner and breakfast.Believe it or not, it is reckoned thatby the year 2005, India would beproducing even more televisionprogrammes than the US. After all,the swelling number of channelsspurred by the satellite revolution,has generated a sharp demand fortelevision professionals, both be-hind and in front of the camera.And thanks to the craze for India-led programming, the money andthe work which this industry has tooffer is truly phenomenal.An interesting feature of this indus-try is the sheer diversity whichlures people from diverse areaswith no specific training in thisfield. It is not just trained mediaprofessionals who are heading forthe nearest production house, butall types of professionals like pressjournalists, engineers, architects,even doctors.

The WorkAs a DirectorA director in television is the cre-ative controller. He is the one whogives the programme its shape andcharacter. He takes care of all cre-ative inputs — selecting the musicand graphics, supervising the ‘edit’or deciding the camera angles.Creativity and the ability to think inperspective are essential for theDirector.The Programme Director in televi-sion is in charge of the shooting of aprogramme and provides directionto performers and technical crew.Once the shooting is completed, it istime to supervise the post-produc-tion work i.e. such as editing andsound dubbing.Floor ManagerThe work of a Floor Manager fallsinto two main areas: liaison be-tween the Producer/Director andpeople on the studio floor, andresponsibility (as the name sug-gests), for studio floor management.Safety is an important part of thework; checking sets to make surethey are safe, ensuring that every-thing and everyone is in the rightplace at the right time. Leadershipqualities, and a high degree ofstamina are essential.Music ComposerAlmost every programme on TV,irrespective of its nature or content,leans on musical scores. If you arean original who can churn outcompositions with versatility, thereshould be no stopping you. Join anestablished, well-known orchestrafor starters and watch out for betteravenues.Production ManagerProduction Manager makes ar-rangement for procuring the techni-cal and other equipment, fixes theediting schedules in consultationwith the Producer-Director, booksstudios, and arranges for everylogistical detail. The responsibilityof a Production Manager is im-mense. An active, resourceful andcapable manager qualifies as aProduction Manager. As with mostof the jobs we have seen earlier, youcould start as an assistant workingwith a senior professional and latergraduate to a full-fledged role uponattaining professional maturity.ResearcherThe researcher is responsible forinformation management. He is

expected to provide facts and fig-ures for television scripts, graphics,etc. News, current affairsprogrammes, quizzes, infotainmentshows and documentaries requireextensive collaboration from Re-searchers who are expected tocontribute ideas for the programmeand prepare material for particular items.Researchers need to be creative andenthusiastic to contribute ideas forprogrammes. They should be in-quisitive and resourceful, yet me-thodical and painstaking in theirresearch. They must be able toorganise their material logically andbe capable of expressing themselvesclearly in writing. They should havea good knowledge of referencesources and production processes.Excellent interpersonal skills arecalled for as researchers need to beoutgoing to draw out informationfrom people.Script WriterScript Writer writes scripts for atelevision serial, a documentary, asoap opera, or adapts a novel or astory for television or radio. Hemust be an ace wordsmith to addpunch and meaning to the plotwhile taking care not to duplicatethe visual. If you don’t have a flairfor writing, steer clear of this one.Ever in demand and yet in shortsupply, the job is open for the besttalent and promises a celebritystatus and lots of money for thegruelling hard work and long hoursof toil.The way to go about becoming aScriptwriter is to undergo formaltraining and then assist an estab-lished professional before taking ona project. Alternatively, you couldlatch on to a senior Scriptwriterstraight off and pick up the skills onthe job.CamerapersonCameraperson contributes im-mensely toward a programme’ssuccess by capturing the specificfeeling or mood that sells products,highlight news stories and bringsback memories. Painting pictureswith visuals, s/he translates anabstract idea or a story orprogramme into a live, tangible,pulsating array of visuals flowing ina meaningful sequence. It calls forseeing the uncommon in common-place situations and the extraordi-nary within the ordinary.

Naturally, then, acuteness of per-ception and artistic ability are asimportant as an extensive technicalknowledge of lights and filters. Ifyou want to be one of those intrepidones who chronicle events as theyhappen. A News Cameraman has tocombine courage and speed with allthe qualities detailed above.After you’ve got the basic training,your best bet would be to assist thebest professional cameraperson orcinematographer who is ready toaccept you. He in turn will slowlygive you work - bits and pieces toshoot - and once you grow suffi-ciently, you can pitch yourself as apro.Videotape EditorIt is the Videotape Editor who putstogether a film or a programme.

Wading through the reels of footage

shot by the crew, the Videotape

Editor arranges it in a sequence to

make a coherent, crisp programme.

A good editor combines strong

technical knowledge with a sense of

meticulous detail and a style of edelivery that is sensitive to visualsand sound.

Visual MixerA television programme is made upof pictures that come from a num-ber of sources; for instance, fromcameras in the studio, pre-recordedfootage or slides (transparencies).The Visual Mixer receives a signalfrom the Director to cut from onepicture source to another producinga smooth sequence of images. Thejob calls for quick reflexes and anexcellent sense of timing.Production AssistantLook for the people carryingwalkie-talkies around the set andyou have found a Production Assis-tant (PA). PAs are the troops whowork under the supervision of theProducer or the Production Man-ager. They make sure that everyoneis where they need to be, transportactors and crew to the sets, get thereams of paperwork signed by theright people, distribute the calls toannounce costume fittings, or lastminute changes and so on. Whilesome people make a good careerout of working as a ProductionAssistant, this position is consid-ered a perfect hands-on entry-leveljob for those who have the ambitionto move into the production end ofthe business.

EmploEmploEmploEmploEmploymentymentymentymentymentOpporOpporOpporOpporOpportunitiestunitiestunitiestunitiestunitiesWork activities will vary dependingon the type of programmes in-volved. Producers in news andcurrent affairs will have a differentset of activities to those working inthe area of drama or music andlight entertainment. In addition,those working as freelance produc-ers or for independent productioncompanies may spend more of theirtime generating ideas forprogrammes and makingprogramme bids than, say, a staffproducer working for British Broad-casting Corporation (BBC) newsand current affairs. Producersworking in current affairs tend tostay with the same programme forlonger and work with a team ofseveral producers under the super-vision of an editor and possibly asenior editor.

TTTTTypical wypical wypical wypical wypical worororororkkkkkactivitiesactivitiesactivitiesactivitiesactivitiesincincincincinclude:lude:lude:lude:lude:

n Generating and researchingprogramme ideas, selling theseto commissioning editors, find-ing and interviewing contribu-tors;

n Researching stories, archivematerial and music;

n Writing scripts and designingthe structure of programmes inline with budgets;

n Location interviewing usingportable recording equipment;

n Editing recorded material usingdigital (computer-based) equip-ment and operating studios,particularly in local and com-mercial radio;

n Attending planning meetings;n Liaison with and briefing pre-

senters;n Solving production problems

like timing and editing;n Eliciting and responding to

listeners’ comments;n Managing other staff, including

broadcast assistants and re-searchers.

Radio Production How to spot a good story forradio, how to research and findsuitable contributors and bookguests, what you can and cannotsay on radio, Copyright Law, Me-chanical Copyright, IntellectualCopyright and Performance Rights,are some of the things one mustknow before embarking on the jobof a radio professional.Writing for radio broadcast is verydifferent from writing for print or

television. Radio professionals teachyou the skill set to enable you towrite radio scripts for news, ad-verts, live shows and plays.Producers are the unsung heroes ofradio. They are charged with the jobof making the presenter soundsuperb on air. They supply thecontent for a radio show, whateverkind of show it may be, and everyproducer learns that 'content isking.' During the course you willlearn how to produce features andhow to organise a busy radio show;how to generate creative ideas andhow to write treatments to pitch toradio broadcasters.Having a basic understanding ofhow the technical equipment workswill enable you to be creative withyour work.You should also be able to negotiatecontracts with radio stations, inde-pendent production companies andin multi-media. Develop an indi-vidual voice in your work (originalapproaches to radio and multi-media formats). Analyse and ap-praise your own work, with appro-priate references to historical andtheoretical context, and benefitingfrom group critics. Show indepen-dence and self-management in yourprivate research and projects; radiostudio skills; project planning;technical ability, knowing when toseek guidance.

WWWWWhahahahahat it takt it takt it takt it takt it takes?es?es?es?es?Ideas hold supreme in this profes-sion. You are constantly expected tochurn out original and viable ideas,though it is not necessary that theyare accepted each time. Comment-ing on the essentials for making it inthis industry, Raghav Bahl of TVEighteen suggests, “You’ve got tobe good at communication, andtherefore good with words, figuresor ideas. You must be able to look atcircumstances or ideas in a slightlydifferent perspective. You musthave the ability to work hard be-cause at the end of the day, this is asmuch a physical medium as amental one”.For serious aspirants who want toplan their way into the electronicmedia, a degree in the field of MassCommunications is a good startingpoint. A diploma need not necessar-ily give you a job but it definitelydoes give you the chance of beingconsidered for selection.Of course, there are those who insistthat there is no substitute for on-the-job training. Still a large numberof those who join this field typicallyare either graduates or come instraight after school. In most of thecompanies you would start off as aProduction Assistant. However,once you get your foot in the door,you can feel your way around,explore the options and zero-in onthe particular area that interests youthe most.Work in this field means long hours- no fixed timings - you could beworking for several days at a stretchwithout a break. You need to be100% alert -anything can go wrong,at anytime. You also need to be ableto think on your feet and plan inadvance for any emergency.The best bit is the feeling of com-plete charge from beginning to end.The immediate reward of seeing

your well-orchestrated and pol-ished production on screen. Com-pleting a project is a new and satis-fying feeling each time.A question often asked by youngpeople is whether they really needto be trained to be a designer. Mostyoung people who are

WWWWWhahahahahat yt yt yt yt you'llou'llou'llou'llou'llmakmakmakmakmake?e?e?e?e?PAs and Researchers start out witha token stipend of Rs.4,000-5,000 tobegin with. Only a few outfits willpay better.As a Producer, Sr/Exec Producer,you would be paid Rs.35,000 p.m.Independent professionals earnmuch more depending on theprojects handled - as much asRs.50,000 to Rs.80,000 p.m.

TV& FilmTV& FilmTV& FilmTV& FilmTV& FilmprprprprproductionoductionoductionoductionoductionRunner, researcher, floor manageror production co-ordinator. Youcould be anything if you have theright personality coupled withenergy and enthusiasm, in the TVand Film industry.There are good opportunities forexperienced production managersand as this can be a very well paidpost, many stay in this field. Somemove on to assistant producer orproducer posts. You will need to bea good communicator andorganiser, with effective peoplemanagement skills, able to motivateothers and resolve disputes. Areasonable standard of numeracy,in order to keep accounts, is neces-sary. You also need to be self-reliant, able to promote yourself bynetworking and ‘pitching’ for con-tracts.

TTTTThe he he he he WWWWWorororororkkkkkThe producer is responsible forinitiating ideas, selling these tocommissioning editors and manag-ing the technical and creative teamto produce the final programme.With production teams becomingever smaller the producer will domuch of the research, interviewing,scriptwriting and technical produc-tion themselves. In local and com-mercial radio there is an emphasison journalistic skills - many produc-ers will have a broadcast journalismbackground. Producers are alsoresponsible for the budget of theprogramme, negotiating contracts,

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Allahabad; Sunday; Year 4, Vol. 1, Issue 186, 26

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paying for services/facilities andbringing the programme in linewith budget. In some instances,typically in local radio, the pro-ducer also doubles as presenter.

WWWWWherherherherhere toe toe toe toe totrtrtrtrtrain?ain?ain?ain?ain?Since the field is so vast and varied,so are the courses and levels atwhich they are offered. Startingwith umbrella courses in masscommunication, an array of coursesin cinematography, sound record-ing, TV & film production areoffered separately by mostly privateand some government institutes.Since only a handful are accreditedor recognised. You are advised tocheck out their bonafides beforeenrolling.

n J Kidwai Mass CommunicationResearch Centre (MCRC), JamiaMillia Islamia, Jamia Nagar,New Delhi 110025 (UT)www.jmi.nic.in

n Asian Academy of Film &Television, Marwah StudioComplex, Film City, Noida-201301 (UP). www.aaft.com

n Film & Television Institute ofIndia, Law College Road, Pune-411004 (Mah) www.ftiindia.com

n Film & Television Institute ofTamil Nadu, CIT Campus,Chennai 600113 (TN)

n Indian Institute of Mass Com-munication, Aruna Asaf AliMarg, JNU New Campus, NewDelhi 110067 (UT).www.iimc.nic.in

n National Institute of Design(NID), Paldi, Ahmedabad380007. (Communication Descourse in Film & Video Com-munication) www.nid.edu

n Satyajit Ray Film & TelevisionInstitute, E.M. Bye-Pass Road,PO. Garia, Kolkata 700094 (WB)

n Symbiosis Institute of MassCommunication, Senapati BapatMarg, Pune-411004 (Mah).www.simc.edu

n Wigan & Leigh College NewDelhi: 86-A, Central Avenue,Sainik Farms, Tel: 011-26858849-51 Mobile: 9818479333Mumbai: Tel: 022-23015591/4,56623997Kolkata: Tel:033-24487140/50Bangalore: Tel: 080-25574311/12/13Hyderabad: Tel: 040-55767425Pune: Mobile: 9850271167Email: mail@wiganindia.orgWebsite: www.wiganindia.orgXavier's Institute of Communi-cations (XIC), St. Xavier's Col-lege, 5 Mahapalika Marg,Mumbai-400001 (Mah)(www.xaviercomm.com)