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DEVAPUR LIMESTONE MINES OF M/S. TSMDC LTD.
DEVAPUR
EC Compliance Report
Cement Plant Ref: No. F. No. J -11015/234/2007-IA II (M) Dt: 16.10.2007
A. SPECIFIC CONDITIONS:
S.No. Specific conditions Compliance status
i. Topsoil shall be stacked properly with proper slope with adequate safeguards and shall be backfilled for reclamation and rehabilitation of mined out area.
Complied.
Presently, top soil as and when removed is directly
being utilized for green belt development and spread
over mined out area for reclamation and afforestation.
During the compliance period no top soil has been
generated, all the mining activities in said period are
restricted within already broken area. Till date
Cumulative 174820 cum of top soil is utilized for
reclamation / afforestation.
ii.
Garland drains shall be constructed to
arrest silt and sediments flows from
soil and mineral dumps. The water so
collected shall be utilized for watering
the mine area, roads, greenbelt
development etc. The drains shall be
regularly desilted particularly after
monsoon and maintained properly.
Garland drain (size, gradient and
length) shall be constructed for both
mine pit and for waste dump and
sump capacity shall be designed
keeping 50% safety margin over and
above the peak sudden rainfall (based
on 50 years data) and maximum
discharge in the area adjoining the
mine site. Dump capacity shall also
provide adequate retention period to
allow proper settling of silt material.
Sedimentation pits shall be
constructed at the corners of the
garland drains and desilted at regular
intervals.
Complied.
The Garland drains of requisite size are constructed
along dumps and other area to arrest silt and
sediments. All garland drains are maintained properly
and de siltation is being carried out with regular
intervals. Adequate size of sump is constructed in the
lowermost benches with proper measures. The
details of garland drains constructed till the
compliance period are given below:
Sl
No
Location Length
in mts
Depth
in
mts
Gradient
1 Foot of the
reclaimed
dumps
1110 1 Gentle
2 Safety bund
towards
Southern side
of mining
lease area
along the ML
Boundary to
avoid outside
1725 1.5 Gentle
S.No. Specific conditions Compliance status
rain water
enter into
mine
workings
3 Safety bund
with garland
drain in
southern side
of ML
boundary &
Foot of
reclaimed
dump
extension
335 1.5 Gentle
TOTAL 3170
iii. Drilling and blasting shall be by using dust extractors/ wet drilling.
Complied.
The drilling and blasting operation is carried out during daytime only. We are using wet drilling by inbuilt water injection system for drills to suppress dust generation at source. Dust extractor system is provided in crusher and water injectors are provided to arrest fly of dust during unloading of limestone into hopper which is also covered with belt curtains.
iv.
Plantation shall be raised in an area of 40.6ha including a green belt of adequate width by planting the native species around the ML area, roads, OB dumpsites etc. in consultation with the local DFO/Agriculture Department. The density of the trees shall be around 2500 plants per ha. The company shall avoid plantation of monoculture species. Herbs and shrubs shall also form a part of afforestation program besides tree plantation. Fencing of mine pit shall be by chain link.
Complied. We have planted till dated 46952 plants in 52.995 hectares area within mining Lease for native type of species, with consultation of local DFO.
v. The project authority shall implement suitable conservation measures to augment ground water resources in the area in consultation with the Regional Director, Central Ground Water Board.
Complied. We are implementing suitable conservation measures to augment ground water resources within the mining area by constructing check dams, rainwater harvesting pits (1no. with 5.5 Lac cum capacity and having an area of 9.3 Ha, 2 no. Part-1 sump area 18.747 Ha and having storage capacity of 33.40 Lac Cubic Meter, level 227 to 259 Mtr RL) development of reservoir etc. So for we have two contour trenches (total length of 360 mts length and 4mts height at two different locations within mining lease) and three check dams (25m, 20mts & 20 mts lengths in 3 locations) have been constructed in mining lease area, one new contour trench of length 100m have been constructed with rain harvesting pit of capacity 7000 Cum.
S.No. Specific conditions Compliance status
vi. The company shall undertake measures for rainwater harvesting to recharge the ground water.
Complied. We have already constructed rain water harvesting pits of 5.5 lakh m3 water storage capacity for recharge of the ground water. This year we have developed a new pit of capacity 30 lakh m3 for storage of rain water.
vii. Regular monitoring of ground water level and quality shall be carried out by establishing a network of existing wells and constructing new piezometers during the mining operation. The monitoring shall be carried out four times in a year – pre-monsoon (April-May), monsoon (August),post-monsoon (November) and winter (January) and the data thus collected may be sent regularly to MoEF, Central Ground Water Authority and Regional Director, Central Ground Water Board.
Complied. Water quality testing is carried out with the help of MOEF certified third party laboratory on quarterly basis. Water levels are being recorded in three open wells of buffer zone and two piezometers are constructed in mines area core zone as per recommendations of Central Ground Water Board (CGWB). Data collected is being submitted regularly to CGWA, New Delhi, MoEF Regional Office(SEZ) Chennai, CGWB Regional Director Bandlaguda, Hyderabad and District Ground Officer, Mancherial. Water Quality Analysis data attached as Annexure-I.
viii. Prior permission from the competent authority shall be obtained for drawl of ground water if any.
Presently, no groundwater is drawl, all the water quantity required for mines for dust suppression, etc is being met from mines rain water harvesting sump and necessary permission will be obtained from competent authority as and when required.
ix. Conceptual Mining Plan for every 5 years for the life of the mine shall be prepared and submitted to the Ministry within six months.
The current Review of Mining Plan is for the balance period of 4 years of the block period from 2015-16 to 2019-20 submitted under Rule 17(1) of MCR 2016 and get approved from Indian Bureau of Mines, Hyderabad. This document is prepared for conceptual period up to 04-10-2029.
x. The existing water bodies and that to be created during the course of mining may be utilized to develop pisciculture by organizing fishermen cooperative society with the land losers, if any and specially the poorer section of the people as members of such society with initial financial assistance in the form of share money and managerial assistance so that the members themselves can run the affairs of the society in due course. The project proponent shall arrange marketing tie up so that the society gets fair price of their product and the profits are equitably shared by the members of the society as regular source of income.
There are no land losers as the mining area is Reserve Forest. The water bodies shall be used for supplying water for plantations, dust suppression and for the cement plant operations.
xi. Action plan for abatement and compensation for damage to agricultural land/common property land (if any) due to mining activity
There is no agricultural land / common property land. The entire mining lease area is reserve forest.
S.No. Specific conditions Compliance status
shall be submitted to the Ministry within six months.
xii. Occupational health surveillance program of the workers shall be undertaken periodically to observe any contractions due to exposure to dust and take corrective measures, if needed. Occupational health and safety measures for the workers including training on malaria eradication, HIV, and health effects on exposure to mineral dust etc. shall be carried out. The company shall engage a full time qualified doctor who is trained in occupational health surveillance and health records of the workers shall be maintained.
We are providing personnel protective equipment (PPE) to workers at mining area. They are also provided adequate training and information on safety and health aspects. Occupational health surveillance is being conducted periodically and health records are maintained properly. The company has engaged full time qualified Doctors in the dispensary and it is recognized by the State Government as an extension of their PHC at Kasipet (located at 16 kms distance from dispensary). The Company provides fully equipped Ambulance services for bringing patients from villages to the dispensary every day.
xiii. Vehicular emissions shall be kept under control and regularly monitored. Measures shall be taken for maintenance of vehicles used in mining operations and in transportation of mineral. The vehicles shall be covered with a tarpaulin and shall not be overloaded.
Vehicular emissions are being monitored regularly. We are taking care of all dust emissions during mining activities. Vehicular emission monitoring reports of few are as Annexure – II.
xiv. A Final Mine Closure Plan, along with details of Corpus Fund, shall be submitted to the Ministry of Environment & Forests 5 years in advance of final mine closure for approval.
Final Mine Closure Plan (FMCP) shall be submitted to IBM and MoEF as per prevailing rules for necessary approval. As our Mining Lease is valid up to dated period up to 04-10-2029.
B. GENERAL CONDITIONS:-
S.No. General conditions Compliance status
i No change in mining technology and
scope of working shall be made without
prior approval of the Ministry of
Environment and Forests.
Complied.
There is no change in mining technology and scope of
working.
ii No change in the calendar plan
including excavation, quantum of
mineral limestone ore and waste shall
be made.
There is no change in the Calendar Plan for the
production of Quantum of Mineral Limestone and
Waste.
iii Conservation measures for protection
of flora and fauna in the core & buffer
zone shall be drawn up in consultation
with the local forest and wildlife
department.
Conservation measures are being taken up in Core &
buffer zone in consultation with local forest and wild life
department.
S.No. General conditions Compliance status
iv Four ambient air quality-monitoring
stations shall be established in the core
zone as well as in the buffer zone for
RPM, SPM, SO2 & NOx monitoring.
Location of the stations should be
decided based on the meteorological
data, topographical features and
environmentally and ecologically
sensitive targets and frequency of
monitoring should be undertaken in
consultation with the State Pollution
Control Board.
Four ambient air quality-monitoring stations each in core
and buffer zone have been established. Ambient air
quality monitoring of core zone and buffer zone is being
done every month. Monitoring test reports are submitted
regularly to Regional Office, Nizamabad of Telangana
State Pollution Control Board.
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data for the period April-18 to September-18 attached as Annexure – III.
v Data on ambient air quality (RPM,SPM, SO2 & NOX) should be regularly submitted to the Ministry including its Regional Office located at Bangalore and the State Pollution Control Board/Central Pollution Control Board once in six months.
Complied. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data for the period April-18 to September-18 attached as Annexure – III.
vi Fugitive dust emissions from all the sources shall be controlled regularly. Water spraying arrangement on haul roads, loading and unloading and at transfer points shall be provided and properly maintained.
Fugitive dust emissions from all the sources are controlled. Blast hole drilling is by wet method, water spraying on haul roads, on mineral heaps while loading, at crusher hopper and at conveyor transfer points etc. blasting is carried during non-windy times.
vii Measures shall be taken for control of noise levels below 85 dBA in the work environment. Workers engaged in operations of HEMM etc. shall be provided with ear plugs/muffs.
Noise levels are monitored and maintained within the prescribed limits and reports enclosed herewith. Personnel protective equipment like ear plugs/muffs is provided to all workers engaged in mining operations.
viii Industrial waste water (workshop and waste water from the mine) should be properly collected, treated so as to conform to the standards prescribed under GSR 422 (E) dated 19th May, 1993 and 31st December, 1993 or as amended from time to time. Oil and Grease trap shall be installed before discharge of workshop effluents.
The workshop waste water is being collected in Oil and Grease trap (3 chamber tank) and after settling and clean water is utilizing for dust suppression over haulage road.
ix Personnel working in dusty areas shall wear protective respiratory devices and they shall also be provided with adequate training and information on safety and health aspects.
All personnel working in mines are provided with protective and safety equipment. They are also provided adequate training and information on safety and health aspects. Health status also periodically monitored as per Mines Rules.
x A separate environmental management cell with suitable qualified personnel shall be set-up under the control of a Senior Executive, who will report directly to the Head of the Organization.
A separate Environmental Management cell is established under the control of senior executive and direct reporting to the head of the organization who is responsible for environmental management of Mines.
xi The project authorities shall inform to the Regional Office located at Bangalore regarding date of financial closures and final approval of the
This is an existing and ongoing project.
S.No. General conditions Compliance status
project by the concerned authorities and the date of start of land development work.
xii The funds earmarked for environmental protection measures shall be kept in separate account and should not be diverted for other purpose. Year wise expenditure shall be reported to the Ministry and its Regional Office located at Bangalore.
Expenses incurred against Environmental Protection for Apr’18 to Sept’18 is Rs.- 4168597/-
xiii. The project authority shall inform to the Regional Office located at Bangalore regarding date of financial closures and final approval of the project by the concerned authorities and the date of start of land development work.
This is an existing and ongoing project.
xiv. The Regional Office of this Ministry located at Bangalore shall monitor compliance of the stipulated conditions. The project authorities should extend full cooperation to the officer (s) of the regional office by furnishing the requisite data/ information / monitoring reports.
Already in the practice and will continue in future also to comply all the conditions as advised by the authority.
xv. A copy of clearance letter will be marked to concerned Panchayat/local NGO, if any, from whom suggestion/representation has been received while processing the proposal.
Complied. No suggestion / representation received.
xvi. State pollution control board should display a copy of the clearance letter at the Regional office. District Industry Centre and Collector’s Office/Tehsildar’s office for 30 days.
Complied.
xvii. The project authorities should advertise at least in two local newspapers widely circulated, one of which shall be in the vernacular language of the locality concerned, within 7 days of the issue of the clearance letter informing that the project has been accorded environmental clearance and a copy of the clearance letter available with the State Pollution Control Board and also at web site of Ministry of Environment &
Forest at http://envfor.nic.in and a copy
of the same shall be forwarded to the regional office of this Ministry at Bangalore.
Advertisement was published in Deccan Chronicle (English) dated: 25-10-2007 and Eenadu (Telugu) dated: 25-10-2007 newspapers and copies were submitted to MOEF & CC, New Delhi and their regional office at Bangalore.
Annexure-I
Water Analysis (April-2018 to September-2018 – Average values)
Locations 1 2 3 4 5 6
Colour (Hazen units) 7.5 3 0 4.5 <01 <01
Turbidity (NTU) 10.8 0.4 0 3.55 0.6 0.4
pH 7.325 7.44 7.46 7.51 7.4 7.4
E.C. (Micromhos/cm) 960 1312.5 270 1002 1233.5 1298
Total dissolved solids 605 806.5 146 625 729.5 772
Phenolphthalein alkalinity as CaCo3 0 0 0 0 0.0 0
Methyl orange alkalinity as CaCo3 369.5 169.5 75 292 287.0 416.5
Total hardness as CaCo3 371.5 486.5 102 382 358.0 460.5
Calcium as Ca 91 142.5 27 113 94.0 146
Magnesium as Mg 35.085 31.85 8.655 24 29.7 23.2
Sodium as Na 71 62.5 15.5 61 117.5 49
Potassium as K 3.185 2.795 0.815 2.39 3.9 1.46
Chloride as Cl 75 222.5 27 108.5 176.5 79.5
Sulphate as So4 54.5 224.5 21 55 65.0 68.5
Nitrate as NO3 20 14.875 6.16 20.5 23.5 32.5
Carbonates as CaCO3 0 0 0 0 0.0 0
Bicarbonates as CaCO3 451 206.5 91 356 350.0 508.5
Residual Chlorine 0.17 0 0 0.445 0.0 0
Copper as Cu 0.05 0.06 <0.05 0.12 0.0 <0.05
Manganese as Mn 0.025 <0.01 <0.02 0.06 0.0 <0.02
Iron as Fe 0.415 0.19 0.2 0.345 0.2 0.24
Fluoride as F 0.88 0.685 0.39 0.81 0.6 0.61
1.Open Well (Near Devapur Vagu)
2. Bore well (Near magazine)
3. Bore well (Near Crusher)
4. Open well (Devapur village)
5.Open well Water (Maddimadugu village)
6. Bore Well (Devapur Village) Note: All the values except pH are expressed in mg/L.
Annexure-II
Annexure-III Ambient Air Quality Data
(April-18 to September-18)
Note:
Core zone Buffer zone 1. Loading Area 5. Devapur Village 2 .Unloading Area 6. Forest Area 3. Drilling Area 7. Gatlarapalli Village 4. Haulage Road 8. Maddimadugu Village
Parameter
Location
PM10 (µg/m3)
PM2.5 (µg/m3)
SO2 (µg/m3)
NOx (µg/m3)
Min. Max. Avg. Min. Max. Avg. Min. Max. Avg. Min. Max. Avg.
1 69 79 73.5 21 30 25.6 7 12 9.3 20 26 23.6
2 75 86 80.6 26 36 31.3 8 14 11.3 17 27 22.5
3 73 83 78.2 25 33 28.7 6 11 8.5 17 26 21.0
4 65 75 71.3 20 28 23.8 8 13 10.8 18 25 22.0
5 54 65 61 21 28 23.8 6 12 9.8 17 23 20.3
6 40 59 47.3 15 20 17.7 5 11 15.3 13 18 15.3
7 44 54 49.8 15 22 18.7 6 10 7.7 16 23 18.1
8 59 68 63.8 23 28 25.1 7 13 9.8 20 25 22.5
SOIL ANALYSIS (April-18 to September-2018)
Location
1 2 3 4
Parameter
pH 7.38 7.71 7.49 7.75
E.C. µ mhos/cm 322.5 372 319.5 352
Calcium as Ca m eq/100g 46 45 39.5 25
Magnesium as Mg m eq/100g 15.55 11.55 8.7 9.2
Sodium as Na m eq/100g 52.5 45.5 16 11
Potassium as K Kg/ha 60.5 62.5 122 122
Phosphorous as P Kg/ha 8.5 6.5 22 16.5
Nitrogen as N Kg/ha 123.5 131 211 211.5
Organic Carbon % 0.35 0.25 0.48 0.445
Sulphates as So4 meq/100g 0.58 0.61 0.195 0.2
Chlorides as Cl meq/100g 0.54 0.475 0.23 0.33
Silt & Clay % 61 61 65.5 59.5
Sand % 39 39 34.5 40.5
Textural Class meq/100g Loamy sand Loamy sand Loamy sand Loamy sand
Physical Appearance meq/100g Mixed soil Mixed soil Mixed soil Mixed soil
1. Maddimada 2. Agriculture Land Devapur Village, 3.Agriculture land Gatlarapalli
4. Colony.
Land Use / Land Cover Analysis for mining lease & buffer zones
of Devapur Limestone Mine of Telangana State Mineral
Development corporation Limited.
Client :
Telangana State Mineral Development Corporation Limited
Prepared By :
CompuSense Automation, Ahmedabad
October 2017
Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
CompuSense Automation - An ISO 9001:2015 company 1
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 2
2. Scope of Study ........................................................................................................................ 2
3. Objectives ............................................................................................................................... 3
4. Study Area .............................................................................................................................. 3
4.1 Extents of study areas ......................................................................................................... 3
5. Data Used ............................................................................................................................... 3
6. General Description of the study area .................................................................................... 5
6.1 Location and Extent ............................................................................................................ 5
6.2 Physiography, Relief and Drainage .................................................................................... 5
6.3 Climate ............................................................................................................................... 5
7. Land use .................................................................................................................................. 5
8. Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 6
9. Classification system .............................................................................................................. 8
9.1 Built up land: ...................................................................................................................... 9
9.2 Agricultural land: ................................................................................................................ 9
9.3 Forests ............................................................................................................................... 10
9.4 Wastelands ............................................................................................................................. 10
9.5 Water bodies ..................................................................................................................... 11
9.6 Mining .............................................................................................................................. 11
9.7 Others ............................................................................................................................... 11
10. Result (Statistics) ............................................................................................................... 15
10.1 Core Zone ....................................................................................................................... 15
10.2 500m buffer zone ............................................................................................................ 17
10.3 5Km buffer zone ............................................................................................................. 19
10.4 10Km buffer zone ........................................................................................................... 21
11. Salient Features of the study ............................................................................................... 26
11.1 Core Zone ....................................................................................................................... 26
11.2 500m Buffer Zone ........................................................................................................... 26
11.3 5Km Buffer Zone ............................................................................................................ 26
11.4 10Km Buffer Zone .......................................................................................................... 26
12. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 26
Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
CompuSense Automation - An ISO 9001:2015 company 2
1. Introduction
Present study of mapping Land Use / Land Cover using remote sensing data for
Devapur Limestone Mine and surroundings in Kasipet mandal of Mancherial district, is carried
out on behalf of M/s Telangana State Mineral Development Corporation Limited, Telangana
State. Now a days, it has become mandatory to carry out a Land Use / Land Cover analysis of the
project site using satellite data similar to preliminary site survey. Comprehensive and
chronological Land Use / Land Cover information is very vital for management of land.
Accurate & precise compilation of this information helps in deciding the proper use of the land.
Optimum economic use in accordance with minimal disturbance of the present ecology should be
the prime objective of any industrial activity. Remote Sensing technology because of synoptic,
repetitive and multi spectral characteristics becomes very vital technology for mapping Land
Use / Land Cover. In addition to this, the study provides the facility of constant monitoring and
past history of any particular area. Geographic Information System (GIS) is a tool, which allows
the integration of spatial data with non - spatial data. The project of landuse mapping was
awarded to CompuSense Automation vide work order no. 8040006980 dated 26th June 2017.
2. Scope of Study
Systematic and comprehensive compilation of Land Use / Land Cover maps and data is
necessary for planned development of agriculture, forest, grasslands, rural settlements, urban
spread, Industries and a host of other land based programs and activities. Land Use refers to the
various ways, the land is being utilized for different purposes by man mainly to generate income as
well as for residential purpose. Whereas, ‘Land Cover’ refers to the natural surrounding present
on the area under study.
In the present study, Land Use / Land Cover information of the study area i.e. within mining
lease (MLA), 500m, 5Km and 10Km buffer around the mining lease has been mapped using the
digital data dated 6th November 2016 and 10th February 2017, of Satellite Resourcesat-2, Sensor
L4FMX Path – 100, Row – 59, Sub-scene -B having resolution of 5 meter and Satellite CartoSat-1,
Sensor PAN-A Path-547 Row-208 dated 11th May, 2017 having resolution 2.5 meter.
Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
CompuSense Automation - An ISO 9001:2015 company 3
3. Objectives
Main objectives of this study are:
• To analyze Land Use / Land Cover of the study area using latest remote sensing satellite
data.
• To generate statistics of Land Use / Land Cover classes and thematic map.
4. Study Area
The study area consists of mining lease area and its buffer zones of 500m, 5Km and 10Km
from periphery of mining lease. The study area falls in Kasipet mandal of Mancherial district in
Telangana State.
4.1 Extents of study areas
Extents of study area as per following table
Table:1 Location and Extent
mining lease Core/ Buffer
Zone
Extents
Latitude Longitude
Devapur Core Zone 19°0'59.396"N to
19°2'11.437"N
79°19'10.579"E to 79°20'29.393"E
500m buffer 19°0'43.174"N to
19°2'27.723"N
79°18'53.437"E to 79°20'44.064"E
5 Km buffer 18°58'17.609"N to
19°4'53.302"N
79°16'23.078"E to 79°23'19.953"E
10 Km
buffer 18°55'34.346"N to
19°7'35.878"N
79°13'28.76"E to 79°26'9.015"E
Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
CompuSense Automation - An ISO 9001:2015 company 4
5. Data Used
Digital remote sensing data as per details given below was procured on FTP media. The dates
were selected for Kharif and Rabi seasons for deriving Land Use, particularly cropping pattern.
Since, cloud free data was not available before 6th November, 2016 for Kharif, the analysis
presents picture of late kharif and regular rabi seasons.
Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
CompuSense Automation - An ISO 9001:2015 company 5
Table:2 Data used
Satellite Sensor Sub scene Path-Row Season Date
Resource sat-2 L4FMX B 100-59 Kharif 6th Nov..16
Resource sat-2 L4FMX B 100-59 Rabi 10th Feb. 17
Cartosat-1 PANA 547-208 11th May. 17
Fig 1. Study area location map
Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
CompuSense Automation - An ISO 9001:2015 company 6
6. General Description of the study area
6.1 Location and Extent
The detail of study area as defined in table 1 falls in district of Mancherial in TS. The
mandal town of Kasipet is about 12 Kms and district town mancherial is 35 kms from the mining
lease. Lease area falls in Rally Reserve forest of Mancherial Division and situated at fringe of forest
& revenue boundary of Devapur and Gatrapalli village . Nearest railway station is Bellampalli.
6.2 Physiography, Relief and Drainage
The study area is represented by hills, pediments, pediplains and valleys. General slope is
from north to south. The elevation (above msl) in the area varies from 140m to 560m. The study area
is well drained by a number of tributaries such as Vattivagu, Devapur Vagu, Ralla Vagu, Bugga
Vagu, Lingalavagu etc. The overall drainage density is high.
6.3 Climate
The study area has sub-tropical monsoon type climate. The south-west monsoon
commences by middle of June and extends upto end of September. The average rainfall recorded
in Devapur is 1145 mm. 85% of the total rainfall is received during the period from June to
September. The highest and lowest temperatures recorded are 48°C during peak summer and
11°C during winter
7. Land use
Study area falls in north east part of Mancherial district under mandal of Kasipet. The region
is in Rali reserve Forest of Devapur forest range. It is generally covered by southern deciduous
forest. About 73 % of area is covered by forest. Agriculture covers about 19% of study area. Rest of
the area is covered by wasteland, water bodies, mining and habitation.
Although rainfall is over 1100 mm, there are very less irrigation facilities. Majority of
agriculture is dependent on rain. Rice, cotton, maize, redgram, greengram are the principal kharif
season crops. Chillies, castor, sunflower and jowar are some of the other crops grown in the kharif
season. Jowar and sesamum are the main rabi season crops. The other important crops grown in
the rabi season are groundnut, horsegram, black gram, bengalgram etc.
Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
CompuSense Automation - An ISO 9001:2015 company 7
8. Methodology
General methodology using Multi-temporal digital data for kharif and rabi season, to derive
Land Use / Land Cover layer is shown in following diagram.
The methodology comprises the following functional component.
Data loading and image preparation
Three bands of data were downloaded from CD media and stacked to form a false color
composite (FCC). This raw data was georeferenced and projected in Universal Transverse Mercator
(UTM), zone 44N projection. This projection was adopted from National Spatial Framework
(NSF). Parameters for this projection are given in Annexure:1. This data was radiometrically
enhanced for ease of interpretation.
Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
CompuSense Automation - An ISO 9001:2015 company 8
Base map features mapping
Mapping of base map features like roads, river, nala, water bodies and drainage were done using
interpretation key in Annexure:2.
Digital classification of the two season data.
Base map feature classes were interpreted visually and masked out from digital image and a subset
was derived using buffer boundaries. This image was classified using supervised classification
method called Maximum Likelihood classifier in IDRISI software. This comprised of creating
signature files by identifying different classes and executing classifier. Data of both seasons were
separately classified. In the present study hybrid classification is perform which is digital
classification combined with visual interpretation.
Refinement
Classified data of both seasons was refined using 5x5 Mode filter to remove noisy pixels.
Aggregation of classes
Classified data for two seasons was aggregated using two seasons truth table.
Rabi Kharif Integrated class
Crop Crop Double Crop
Crop Fallow Rabi
Fallow Crop Kharif
Fallow Fallow Fallow
Ground truth verifications
A limited ground truth was conducted on 6th of September, 2017, to verify certain spectrally
confusing classes found during interpretation. During the traverse, Land Use / Land Cover classes
were verified for their correctness with respect to interpreted map. Local information regarding
cropping pattern etc. were also collected.Finalization of map based on ground truth collection
Based on ground truth observations classified map was refined and finalized.
Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
CompuSense Automation - An ISO 9001:2015 company 9
Maps and Statistics
Statistics for buffer zones was generated in Arc GIS software and different base maps, Land Use maps,
reference and location maps were composed in Arc Map software.
9. Classification system
A three level classification system based on Environmental Impact Assessment
Guidance Manual for mineral beneficiation prepared by Administrative Staff College of India,
Hyderabad. (February 2010) has been adopted /modified for this study area and shown in table 3.
Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
CompuSense Automation - An ISO 9001:2015 company 10
Table : 3 Land Use / Land Cover Classification System
Level – I Level - II Level - III
1
Built-up land
Residential Built-up Residential (Rural)
Built-up Land (Colony)
Industrial
Infrastructure (Mining)
Built-up Industry
Transportation (Road, Railway)
2
Agricultural land
Crop Land
Kharif Crop
Rabi Crop
Kharif + Rabi Crop
Fallow Land
Horticulture Plantation
3
Forest
Southern Deciduous Forest Dense Forest
Open Forest
Other Forest
Scrub Forest
Forest Plantation
4
Wastelands
Scrub Land (Land With or Without
Scrub)
Land With Scrub
Land Without Scrub
Gullied / Ravines Gullied / Ravines
Barren /Rocky land Rocky Out Crops
5
Water bodies
River/Stream/Seasonal Nala River/Stream/Seasonal Nala
Tanks/Pond/Reservoir Tanks/Pond/Reservoir
6
Mining & Others
Mining activities
Excavated Area
Mine Sump
Plantation in Mines
Sub Grade Stock Yard
Back Filled Area
Plantation on Back Filled Area
Other Mining activities Stone Quarry
Abandoned Mines
Following sections describe various classes. Examples of these classes with photographs taken
during ground truth verification visit and corresponding portion of satellite image are
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shown in subsequent pages.
9.1 Built up land:
Built-up Residential
It generally refers to an area, which is not cultivated and is used for human residential
purpose. Villages come under this category. Vacant land within or near by settlements used for
industrial activities are also considered under this broad category.
Built-up Industrial
These are areas where the human activity is observed in the form of manufacturing along
with other supporting establishments of maintenance. Heavy metallurgical industry, thermal,
cement, petrochemical, engineering plants etc., are included under this. Certain built-up
structures found in mining area like mine office, workshop are further classified in
Infrastructure sub category. Roads and transportation network are also classified under this category.
9.2 Agricultural land:
This areas are primarily used for raising agricultural crops, fiber, vegetables, fruits, cultivated fodder
and other plant material of medicinal and commercial value. Three classes, crop land, fallow land and
afforestation/plantation sites are identified in the study area. Croplands are sub classified as
(1) Kharif (2) Rabi (3) Kharif + Rabi.
Crop land
Areas with standing crop in any or either of the two common growing seasons are classified as crop
land.
• Crops grown in June-July and harvested during September-October are called as kharif crops.
• Crops sown during November-December and harvested during February-March are called rabi
crops.
• Areas sown during both the seasons form double cropped area.
Fallow Land
The land not sown for current seasons which appears to be vacant is called ‘Fallow Land’.
9.3 Forests
Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
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Forests are defined as, “all lands bearing vegetative association dominated by trees of any size,
exploited or not, capable of producing wood or other forest products and exerting an influence on climatic
or water regimes or providing shelter for wild life and live stock” .
The state and union departments of forests in the country conceive forests as “All land classed
as forest and any legal enactment dealing with forest are administered as forests”.
Dense Forest
This category includes all the areas where the canopy cover\density is more than 40 %.
Open Forest
This category includes all the forest areas where the canopy cover\density is 10 - 40 %.
Scrub Forest
These are the forest areas where the crown density is less than 10% of the canopy cover,
generally seen at the fringes of dense forest cover and settlements, where there is biotic and abiotic
interference. They appear in light red to dark brown depending on the canopy cover and soil
background.
9.4 Wastelands
Wasteland is described as degraded land which is currently not used for cultivation and is
deteriorating for lack of appropriate water and soil management.
Land with Scrub
The area mainly covered by dense scrub is classified under this category. This area is appears vegetated
throughout the year.
Land Without Scrub
The area mainly covered by scrub which is sparse is classified as open scrub. It is land devoid of any
vegetation and appears barren.
Barren Rocky Land
These are rock exposures of varying lithology often barren and devoid of soil and vegetation
cover.
9.5 Water bodies
Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
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This class comprises areas of surface water found in the form of ponds, lakes, reservoirs.
Lake / Pond / Tank
These are accumulation of water in a depression of various sizes either natural or man made.
Reservoir
A water body built for the storage of water, usually by constructing a dam across a river is called
reservoir.
River / Stream/Seasonal Nala
This is a natural course of water flowing on the land surface along a definite channel and may be
seasonal or perennial.
9.6 Mining & Others
Excavated area (Mining pits)
These are the areas subjected to removal of different earth material or stone material (both surfacial
and sub surfacial ) by manual/mechanized operations.
Mine Sump
Excavated area in mines where rain water is harvested.
Plantation
These areas are separable from cropland, especially with the data acquired during rabi / Jayad
seasons. Only plantation found is that done by company. Afforestation appears in dark-red to red tone of
different sizes with regular and sharp edges indicating the presence of a fence around. Forests are
different from plantations characterized by big contiguous patches often having shape similar to natural
or topographical features.
Stone Quarry
These are the areas subjected to removal of stone material (both surfacial and sub
surfacial ) by mostly manual and sometimes mechanized operations.
Back Filled Area
This is the area where filing is done for the purpose of restoration. This area is generally
restored by plantation.
Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
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Sub Grade Stock Yard
This is the area where sub grade material is stock on temporary or permanent basis. This may take a
shape of dump.
Abandoned Mine
Mine which was previously excavated and now abandoned.
Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
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Typical Photographs of Land use classes from field visit
Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
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Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
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Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
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Landuse / Landcover Analysis - Core Zone
Infrastructure
Roads Plantation
Land With Scrub
Mine Sump
Excavated area
Sub Grade Stock Yard
Back Filled Area
Plantation on Back Filled Area
10. Result (Statistics) 10.1 Core Zone
Land Use/Land Cover Statistics – Core Zone
CLASSIFICATION
LEVEL – I LEVEL – II % Area Area (Ha)
Built-up Infrastructure (Mining) 0.5856 1.23 Roads 1.09 2.28 Sub-total 1.67 3.51
Wastelands Land With Scrub 9.31 19.54 Sub-total 9.31 19.54
Others Excavated Area 44.56 93.58 Mine Sump 3.65 7.66 Plantation 20.59 43.23 Sub Grade Stock Yard 7.48 15.71 Back Filled Area 5.51 11.57 Plantation on Back Filled Area 7.23 15.19 Sub-total 89.02 186.94 Total 100.00 210.00
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Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
Figure: 2 Land Use / Land Cover Map
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Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
10.2 500m buffer zone Land Use/Land Cover Statistics within 500m Buffer Zone
CLASSIFICATION
LEVEL – I LEVEL – II % Area Area (Ha)
Built-up Built-up Industry 1.90 13.70
Infrastructure (Mining) 0.1707 1.23
Roads 0.32 2.28
Sub-total 2.39 17.22
Agriculture Land Kharif Crop 0.05 0.35
Double Crop 1.32 9.49
Fallow Land 0.65 4.70
Sub-total 2.02 14.54
Forest Dense Forest 12.11 87.29
Open Forest 30.74 221.47
Scrub Forest 23.16 166.86
Sub-total 66.01 475.61
Wastelands Land With Scrub 2.73 19.67
Sub-total 2.73 19.67
Others Excavated Area 12.99 93.58
Mine Sump 1.06 7.66
Plantation 6.90 49.73
Sub Grade Stock Yard 2.18 15.71
Back Filled Area 1.61 11.57
Plantation on Back Filled Area 2.11 15.19
Sub-total 26.85 193.44
Total 100.00 720.48
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Landuse / Landcover Analysis - 500m Buffer Zone
Built-up Industry Infrastructure
Roads Kharif Crop
Double Crop Fallow Land
Plantation Dense Forest
Open Forest Scrub Forest
Land With Scrub Mine Sump
Excavated area Sub Grade Stock Yard
Back Filled Area Plantation on Back Filled Area
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Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
Figure: 3 Land Use / Land Cover Map
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Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
10.3 5Km buffer zone Land Use/Land Cover Statistics within 5 Km. Buffer
CLASSIFICATION
LEVEL – I LEVEL – II % Area Area (Ha)
Built-up Built-up Residential 0.91 106.31 Built-up Residential (Colony) 0.33 39.21 Built-up Industry 0.48 56.71 Infrastructure (Mining) 0.0105 1.23 Transportation (Road, Railway) 0.21 24.09 Sub-total 1.94 227.54
Agriculture Land Kharif Crop 6.85 802.83 Rabi Crop 0.52 61.28 Double Crop 5.29 619.58 Fallow Land 2.26 265.20 Sub-total 14.92 1748.89
Forest Dense Forest 24.52 2873.70 Open Forest 44.02 5158.73 Scrub Forest 9.69 1135.73 Sub-total 78.22 9168.16
Wastelands Land With Scrub 1.23 143.61 Sub-total 1.23 143.61
Water bodies River / Stream 0.41 47.70 Lake/Pond/Reservoir 0.54 63.30 Sub-total 0.95 111.00
Others Excavated Area 0.80 93.58 Mine Sump 0.07 7.66 Abandoned Mine 0.32 36.98 Plantation 1.20 140.36 Sub Grade Stock Yard 0.13 15.71 Back Filled Area 0.10 11.57 Plantation on Back Filled Area 0.13 15.19 Sub-total 2.74 321.05 Total 100.00 11720.25
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Landuse / Landcover Analysis - 5Km Buffer Zone
Built-up Residential Built-up Residential (Colony)
Built-up Industry Infrastructure
Transportation (Road, Railw ay) Kharif Crop
Rabi Crop Double Crop
Fallow Land Plantation
Dense Forest Open Forest
Scrub Forest Land With Scrub
River / Stream Lake/Pond/Reservoir
Mine Sump Excavated area
A bandoned Mine Stone Quarry
Sub Grade Stock Y ard Back Filled A rea
Plantation on Back Filled A rea
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Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
Figure: 4 Land Use / Land Cover Map
Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
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10.4 10Km buffer zone
Land Use/Land Cover Statistics within 10 Km. Buffer
CLASSIFICATION
LEVEL – I LEVEL – II % Area Area (Ha)
Built-up Built-up Residential 0.76 294.60 Built-up Residential (Colony) 0.10 39.21 Built-up Industry 0.15 57.80 Infrastructure (Mining) 0.0032 1.23 Transportation (Road, Railway) 0.17 65.27 Sub-total 1.18 458.11
Agriculture Land Kharif Crop 13.19 5120.01 Rabi Crop 0.53 207.23 Double Crop 3.34 1296.65 Fallow Land 1.91 741.90 Horticulture Plantation 0.01 2.30 Sub-total 18.98 7368.08
Forest Dense Forest 29.63 11500.86 Open Forest 38.04 14763.12 Scrub Forest 5.26 2040.65 Forest Plantation 0.36 138.84 Sub-total 73.28 28443.47
Wastelands Land With Scrub 3.95 1533.31 Gullied / Ravines 0.05 19.35 Barren Rocky 0.21 81.41 Sub-total 4.21 1634.07
Water bodies River / Stream 0.44 172.21 Lake/Pond/Reservoir 1.00 388.90 Sub-total 1.45 561.10
Others Excavated Area 0.24 93.58 Mine Sump 0.02 7.66 Abandoned Mine 0.10 36.98 Plantation 0.36 140.36 Stone Quarry 0.07 28.63 Sub Grade Stock Yard 0.04 15.71 Back Filled Area 0.03 11.57 Plantation on Back Filled Area 0.04 15.19 Sub-total 0.90 349.69 Total 100.00 38814.52
Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
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Land use / Land cover Analysis - 10 Km Buffer Zone
Built-up Residential Built-up Residential (Colony)
Built-up Industry Infrastructure
Transportation (Road, Railway) Kharif Crop
Rabi Crop Double Crop
Fallow Land Horticulture Plantation
Plantation Dense Forest
Open Forest Scrub Forest
Forest Plantation Gullied / Ravines
Land With Scrub Barren Rocky
River / Stream Lake/Pond/Reservoir
Mine Sump Excavated area
Abandoned Mine Stone Quarry
Sub Grade Stock Yard Back Filled Area
Plantation on Back Filled Area
Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mines
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Figure: 5 Base Map
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Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
Figure: 6 Satellite Image
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Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mines
Figure:7 Land Use / Land Cover Map
Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
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11. Salient Features of the study
11.1 Core Zone
About 75% of mining lease area has been put in use and is classified in to different
categories like excavated area, mine sump, Sub grade stock yard and back filled area. Adding these
categories it is seen that about 143 ha., area is put in use which is in agreement with PMCP data.
Rest of the area comprises of plantation, wastelands and infrastructure. There is no agriculture,
forest or natural water bodies in mining lease.
11.2 500m Buffer Zone
Since, mining lease is surrounded by reserved forest. 500m buffer zone has 66.01 % under
forest. 26.85% area is used in various mining activities. Only 2.02% and 2.39% area is under
agricultural and built-up categories respectively.
11.3 5Km Buffer Zone
In this zone, majority area (78.22%) is forest followed by agricultural land (14.92%),
mining activities (2.74%), built-up (1.94%), wasteland (1.23%) and water bodies (0.95%).
11.4 10Km Buffer Zone
In this zone also forest is major class with 73.28% and agriculture 18.98%. Rest of the
categories occupy less than 10%.
12. Conclusion
Land use / Land cover mapping using remote sensing data provides accurate and reliable
information on various classes occurring within study area. This method is also cost effective & less
time consuming. GIS techniques are useful in visualizing data across various parameters and
generating statistics. This report highlights the observations regarding the land environment of
Devapur limestone mines and Buffer Zones of the ML area as a part of compliance to MoEF.
Land Use / Land Cover mapping of Devapur Limestone Mine
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Annexure : 1
Projection parameters
• Projection Type :Universal Transverse Mercator zone 44N
• Spheroid Name :WGS84
• Datum :WGS84
Parameters
• False_Easting : 500000.000000
• False_Northing : 0.000000
• Central_Meridian : 81.000000
• Scale_Factor : 0.999600
• Latitude_Of_Origin : 0.000000
• Linear Unit : Meter (1.000000)
• Geographic
Coordinate System : GCS_WGS_1984
• Angular Unit : Degree (0.017453292519943299)
• Prime Meridian : Greenwich (0.000000000000000000)
• Datum : D_WGS_1984
• Spheroid : WGS_1984
• Semimajor Axis : 6378137.000000000000000000
• Semiminor Axis : 6356752.314245179300000000
• Inverse Flattening : 298.257223563000030000
Annexure : 2
Land Use / Land Cover Interpretation Key Using Satellite Imagery
Sr.
No.
Land Use / Land Cover
Category
Tone / Colour Size Shape Texture Pattern
1 Built-up Land Dark bluish green in
the core and bluish
on the periphery
Small to
big
Irregular &
Discontinuous
Coarse &
mottled
Clustered to
Scattered &
non-
contiguous
2 Transportation Very dark to dark
bluish green, light
yellow for minor
roads , red if
vegetation along
the road
Small in
width
for roads
and
narrow
for rail
Regular with
straight/sharp and
smooth curves
Smooth to fine Linear to
sinuous and
contiguous
2 Crop Land Bright red to red Varying
in size
Regular to
irregular
Medium to
smooth
Contiguous to
non-
contiguous
3 Fallow Land Yellow to greenish
blue (depending on
soil type and
moisture)
Small to
large
Regular to
irregular
Medium to
smooth
Contiguous to
non-
contiguous
4 Afforestation
(Plantation)
Dark red to red Small to
medium
Regular with sharp
edges
Coarse to
medium
Dispersed,
contiguous
5 Dense Forest Bright red to dark
red
Varying
in size
Irregular,
discontinuous
Smooth to
medium
depending up
on crown
density
Contiguous to
non
contiguous
6 Open Forest Light yellow to light
brown
Small Regular to
irregular
Coarse to
mottled
Non-
contiguous
dispersed
/scattered
7 Land with or without
scrub
Light yellow to
brown to greenish
blue(subject to
surface moisture
and cover)
Varying
in size
Irregular-
discontinuous
Coarse to
mottled
(Subject to
vegetation
cover)
Contiguous
dispersed in
patches
8 River Light blue to dark
blue
Long
narrow
to wide
Irregular, Sinuous Smooth to
medium
Contiguous,
nonlinear to
dendritic/sub-
dendritic etc.
9 Lake/Pond Light blue to dark
blue(subject to
weeds/vegetation)
Small/m
edium
to large
Regular to
irregular
Smooth to
mottled
Non-
contiguous
dispersed
Interpretation keys may change for different satellite sensors depending upon their band combinations and
enhancement made.