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Zostavovateľ Milan Dragula DETSKÁ CHIRURGIA kolektív autorov Martin 2015

Detská chirurgia

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    ZostavovateMilan Dragula

    DETSK CHIRURGIAkolektv autorov

    Martin 2015

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  • 2 DETSK CHIRURGIA

    Nastupujcej genercii

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  • 3

    Na pamiatku prof. MUDr. Jaroslava Simana, CSc., uitea, priatea, kolegu, vbornho loveka

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  • 4 DETSK CHIRURGIA

    Doc. MUDr. Milan Dragula, PhD., mimoriadny profesorprednosta Kliniky detskej chirurgie JLF UK a UNM

    Milan Dragula vytudoval Lekrsku fakultu Univerzity Komenskho v Martine, odbor veobecn lekrstvo. Po ukonen tdia pracoval dva roky ako asistent na Katedre fyziolgie Jesseniovej lekrskej fakulty Univerzity Komenskho (JLF UK), potom ako sekundrny lekr na Chirurgickej klinike Martinskej fakultnej nemocnice (MFN). V roku 1978 zskal atestciu v odbore chirurgia a roku 1983 zskal nadstavbov pecializan atestciu v odbore detsk chirurgia. Od roku 1983 psobil ako ordinr pre detsk chi-rurgiu na Chirurgickej klinike MFN. V roku 1987 obhjil dizertan prcu a bol mu udelen titul kandidt vied. V roku 1992 vzniklo samostatn Oddelenie detskej chirurgie, kde psobil ako primr oddelenia. Ke sa oddelenie v roku 2002 stalo Klinikou detskej chirurgie, bol Milan Dragula vymenovan za prednostu kliniky a v tejto pozcii psob doposia. V roku 2002 po spenej obhajobe prce mu bol udelen titul docent a v roku 2003 bol na zklade konkurznho konania menovan mimoriadnym profesorom JLF UK.

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  • 5

    V rokoch 1992 - 1998 bol Milan Dragula lenom rady a prezdia Slovenskej le-krskej komory (SLK). V rokoch 1994 - 1996 psobil ako len sprvnej rady Nrodnej poisovne za poistencov. Od roku 1999 doposia je podpredsedom Slovenskej spolonosti detskch chirurgov v rmci Slovenskej lekrskej spolonosti (SLS). V roku 2000 sa stal viceprezidentom Slovenskej lekrskej komory a v rokoch 2004 2012 bol jej preziden-tom. Od jna 2012 je lenom Rady SLK. Milan Dragula je lenom vboru Slovenskej spolonosti pre kvalitu a predsedom komisie pre zavdzanie systmov kvality v rezorte zdravotnctva. V jli 2012 bol menovan za lena Zboru poradcov predsedu vldy Slovenskej republiky. V septembri 2012 bol menovan za lena Rady pre informatizciu a elektronick zdravotnctvo.

    Od roku 1999 psob ako len komisie pre ttne skky z odboru pediatria a od roku 2001 ako len komisie pre ttne skky z odboru chirurgia. Milan Dragula bol lenom vedeckej rady Slovenskej zdravotnckej univerzity a vedeckej rady JLF UK v Martine. Poas jeho psobenia ukonilo 7 lekrov doktorandsk tdium. Nakoko pracovisko Kliniky detskej chirurgie je od roku 2008 akreditovanm pracoviskom v pecializanom odbore detsk chirurgia, pod vedenm Milana Dragulu doteraz zskalo pecializciu 7 lekrov.

    Milan Dragula psob ako len redaknej rady Konzlium - asopis SLK, len redaknej rady Kvalita a len redaknej rady Pediatria - odborn lekrsky recenzo-van asopis. Je autorom a spoluautorom 209 registrovanch publikcii vydanch doma i v zahrani a 362 prednok doma i v zahrani.

    V roku 2008 zskal estn lenstvo Slovenskej lekrskej spolonosti, Zlat medailu SLS, Pamtn medailu Jozefa uchu a Pamtn medailu JLF UK. V roku 2010 zskal medailu prof. Rudnika in memoriam poskej pneumologickej spolonosti. V roku 2014 zskal estn lenstvo v eskej pediatricko-chirurgickej spolonosti.

    Kontakt: Doc. MUDr. Milan Dragula, PhD., mim. prof.

    Klinika detskej chirurgie JLF UK a UNMKollrova 2, 036 59 Martin

    Tel: +421/43/4203 503Fax: +421/43/4220 [email protected]

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  • 6 DETSK CHIRURGIA

    Recenzenti:Prof.MUDr.Jlius Vaj, DrSc.Prof.MUDr.Jn Buchanec, DrSc.

    Zostavovate Milan DragulaDETSK CHIRURGIAkolektv autorov

    Vydavate: P+MGrafick prava: P+M grafick tdioTla: Tlaiare P+M Turany, www.p-mtlac.skNvrh oblky: Jozef vikotaRaba: Coding

    Doc. MUDr. Milan Dragula, PhD., mim. prof.

    Prv vydanieISBN 978-80-89694-10-5

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  • 7

    Za pomoc a spoluas pri vydan publikcie akujeme

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  • 8 DETSK CHIRURGIA

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  • 9

    ZOZNAM AUTOROV

    MUDr. Peter Gaparec (2013)Detsk klinika anestzie a intenzvnej medicny, DFNsP, BratislavaKlinika detskej anestzie a intenzvnej medicny, JLF UK a UNM, Martin

    Prof. MUDr. Andrej Hajtman, PhD.Klinika otorinolaryngolgie a chirurgie hlavy a krku, JLF UK a UNM, Martin

    Doc. MUDr. Julin Hamk, PhD.Klinika hrudnkovej chirurgie, JLF UK a UNM, Martin

    MUDr. Bronislav HnilikaKlinika detskej chirurgie, ortopdie a traumatolgie, Fakultn nemocnica, Brno

    MUDr. Petr HaKlinika detskej chirurgie ortopdie a traumatolgie, Fakultn nemocnica, Brno

    MUDr. Boris IvaniDetsk klinika anestzie a intenzvnej medicny, DFNsP, Bratislava

    MUDr. Ivan JustanKlinika detskej chirurgie, ortopdie a traumatolgie, Fakultn nemocnica, Brno

    Doc. MUDr. Emlia Kaiserov, CSc.Klinika detskej hematolgie a onkolgie, DFNsP, Bratislava

    MUDr. Dirk Karovi, PhD.Landesklinikum Wiener Neustadt, Raksko

    Prof. MUDr. Milan Kokavec, PhD. Detsk ortopedick klinika, DFNsP, Bratislava

    MUDr. Vladimr Bartl, CSc.Klinika detskej chirurgie ortopdie a traumatolgie, Fakultn nemocnica, Brno

    MUDr. Igor Bder, PhD.Klinika detskej chirurgie, DFNsP, Bratislava

    MUDr. tpnka Bibrov, PhD.Klinika detskej chirurgie, ortopdie a traumatolgie, Fakultn nemocnica, Brno

    MUDr. Daniel BonecKlinika detskej chirurgie, JLF UK a UNM, Martin

    MUDr. Martin BohKlinika plastickej chirurgie, JFUK a UNB, Bratislava

    MUDr. Daniel Csomor Landesklinikum Wiener Neustadt, Raksko, a DKAIM DFNsP, Bratislava

    Doc. MUDr. Milan Dragula, PhD., mimoriadny profesorKlinika detskej chirurgie, JLF UK a UNM, Martin

    Doc. MUDr. Jozef Fedele, CSc.Klinika plastickej chirurgie JFUK a UNB, Bratislava

    MUDr. Jozef Fedele, PhD., ml.Klinika estetickej plastickej chirurgie, Bratislava

    Prof. MUDr. Petr Gl, PhD.Klinika detskej chirurgie, ortopdie a traumatolgie, Fakultn nemocnica, Brno

    Prinect Color Editor: Page is color controlled with Prinect Color Editor: 3.0.52Copyright 2005 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG

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  • 10 DETSK CHIRURGIA

    Doc. MUDr. Jan Koller, PhD.Klinika poplenn a rekontruknej chirurgie, FNsP Ruinov, Bratislava-Ruinov

    MUDr. Adriana Kollerov Detsk klinika anestzie a intenzvnej medicny, DFNsP, Bratislava

    MUDr. Jozef Kppl Detsk klinika anestzie a intenzvnej medicny, DFNsP, Bratislava

    MUDr. Rastislav KrlikKlinika detskej chirurgie, DFNsP, Bratislava

    MUDr. Milo KrikoKlinika estetickej plastickej chirurgie, Bratislava

    Prof. MUDr. udovt Laca, PhD.Klinika transplantanej a cievnej chirurgie, JLF UK a UNM, Martin

    MUDr. Milica LacovDetsk klinika SZU, DFN, Bansk Bystrica

    MUDr. Zuzana Laluhov StrieencovKlinika detskej hematolgie a onkolgie, DFNsP, Bratislava

    MUDr. Peter MikolajkKlinika detskej chirurgie, JLF UK a UNM, Martin

    MUDr. Jaroslav MolanKlinika pediatrickej urolgie, SZU a DFNsP, Bratislava

    MUDr. Marin Molnr, PhD.Klinika detskej chirurgie, JLF UK a UNM, Martin

    MUDr. Erich Murr, PhD. Klinika detskej chirurgie, DFNsP, Bratislava

    Doc. MUDr. Dalibor Murga, PhD.Klinika detskej chirurgie, JLF UK a UNM, Martin

    MUDr. Michaela MurgaovKlinika det a dorastu JLF UK a UNMMartin

    MUDr. Kateina NovotnDetsk fakultn nemocnica s poliklinikou, Bansk Bystrica

    MUDr. Pavol Omank, PhD.Klinika detskej chirurgie, DFNsP, Bratislava

    MUDr. Juraj Payer ml.Prv nitrianska jednodov chirurgia, Nitra

    MUDr. ubica Pevalov, CSc.Klinika detskej chirurgie, DFNsP, Bratislava

    Prof. MUDr. Ladislav Plnka, PhD.Klinika detskej chirurgie, ortopdie a traumatolgie, Fakultn nemocnica, Brno

    MUDr. Branislav PodhoranskLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt, Raksko Detsk klinika anestzie a intenzvnej medicny, DFNsP, Bratislava

    MUDr. Vladimr Polk, PhD.Klinika pediatrickej urolgie, SZU a DFNsP, Bratislava

    MUDr. David Star, PhD.Klinika detskej chirurgie, ortopdie a traumatolgie, Fakultn nemocnica, Brno

    Doc. MUDr. Juraj Strme, PhD.Klinika detskej chirurgie, ortopdie a traumatolgie, Fakultn nemocnica, Brno

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  • 11

    MUDr. Igor Stupka, PhD.Klinika detskej chirurgie ortopdie a traumatolgie, Fakultn nemocnica, Brno

    MUDr. Juraj tovskKlinika neurochirurgie, JLF UK a UNM, Martin

    MUDr. Otakar Teyschl, CSc.Klinika detskej chirurgie, ortopdie a traumatolgie, Fakultn nemocnica, Brno

    MUDr. Zuzana TomovDetsk klinika anestzie a intenzvnej medicny, DFNsP, BratislavaKlinika detskej anestzie a intenzvnej medicny, JLF UK a UNM, Martin

    Doc. MUDr. Jn Trnka, CSc.Klinika detskej chirurgie, DFNsP, Bratislava

    MUDr. Ji VentrubaKlinika detskej chirurgie, ortopdie a traumatolgie, Fakultn nemocnica, Brno

    Prof. MUDr. Ji Vesel, CSc.Klinika detskej chirurgie, ortopdie a traumatolgie, Fakultn nemocnica, Brno

    MUDr. Nadeda ViovcovKlinika detskej chirurgie, JLF UK a UNM, Martin

    MUDr. Peter iakKlinika plastickej chirurgie, LFUK a UNB, Bratislava

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    Applied Color Management Settings:Output Intent (Press Profile): ISOcoated.icc

    RGB Image:Profile: ECI_RGB.iccRendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    RGB Graphic:Profile: ECI_RGB.iccRendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent RGB/Lab Image:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent RGB/Lab Graphic:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent CMYK/Gray Image:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent CMYK/Gray Graphic:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Turn R=G=B (Tolerance 0.5%) Graphic into Gray: yes

    Turn C=M=Y,K=0 (Tolerance 0.1%) Graphic into Gray: noCMM for overprinting CMYK graphic: yesGray Image: Apply CMYK Profile: noGray Graphic: Apply CMYK Profile: noTreat Calibrated RGB as Device RGB: noTreat Calibrated Gray as Device Gray: yesRemove embedded non-CMYK Profiles: noRemove embedded CMYK Profiles: yes

    Applied Miscellaneous Settings:All Colors to knockout: noPure black to overprint: yes Limit: 100%Turn Overprint CMYK White to Knockout: yesTurn Overprinting Device Gray to K: yesCMYK Overprint mode: set to OPM1 if not setCreate "All" from 4x100% CMYK: yesDelete "All" Colors: noConvert "All" to K: no

  • 12 DETSK CHIRURGIA

    OBSAH

    ZOZNAM AUTOROV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9VOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

    1. DETSK ANESTZIOLGIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Prprava pacienta pred anestziou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

    Anestziologick ambulancia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Predoperan vyetrenie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

    Anamnza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Fyziklne vyetrenie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Laboratrne vyetrenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Snmka hrudnka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41In vyetrenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

    Predoperan prprava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Zdrav diea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Komplikovan diea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Anmia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Prematrne diea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Prevajce predasne naroden diea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Novorodenec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Ochorenia pc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Aktny respiran infekt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Astma bronchiale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Kardiologick ochorenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Diabetes insipidus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Intrakranilne ochorenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Meningomyelokla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Zchvatov ochorenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Instabilita krnej chrbtice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Neuromuskulrne ochorenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Malgne ochorenie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Ochorenie obliiek a hypertenzia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Ochorenia peene a poruchy zrania krvi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Kosikovit anmia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Hemoflia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Von Willebrandova choroba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Deti svedkov Jehovovch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

    Premedikcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Klasick poiadavky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Ordincia premedikcie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Naasovanie a spsob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Vagolytick zloka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Anxiolytick a sedatvna zloka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Analgetick zloka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Bez premedikcie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

    Prinect Color Editor: Page is color controlled with Prinect Color Editor: 3.0.52Copyright 2005 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG

    To view actual document colors and color spaces,please download free Prinect Color Editor: (Viewer) Plug-In from:http://www.heidelberg.com

    Applied Color Management Settings:Output Intent (Press Profile): ISOcoated.icc

    RGB Image:Profile: ECI_RGB.iccRendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    RGB Graphic:Profile: ECI_RGB.iccRendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent RGB/Lab Image:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent RGB/Lab Graphic:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent CMYK/Gray Image:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent CMYK/Gray Graphic:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Turn R=G=B (Tolerance 0.5%) Graphic into Gray: yes

    Turn C=M=Y,K=0 (Tolerance 0.1%) Graphic into Gray: noCMM for overprinting CMYK graphic: yesGray Image: Apply CMYK Profile: noGray Graphic: Apply CMYK Profile: noTreat Calibrated RGB as Device RGB: noTreat Calibrated Gray as Device Gray: yesRemove embedded non-CMYK Profiles: noRemove embedded CMYK Profiles: yes

    Applied Miscellaneous Settings:All Colors to knockout: noPure black to overprint: yes Limit: 100%Turn Overprint CMYK White to Knockout: yesTurn Overprinting Device Gray to K: yesCMYK Overprint mode: set to OPM1 if not setCreate "All" from 4x100% CMYK: yesDelete "All" Colors: noConvert "All" to K: no

  • 13

    Mierna sedcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Opioidy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Benzodiazepny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Chloralhydrt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Neuroleptik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Barbiturty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Anticholnergik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Bazlna anestzia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Predoperan poiadavka krvnch derivtov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Predoperan lanenie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Chronick medikcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

    Perioperan zabezpeenie pacienta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Monitorovanie respircie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Prstrojov monitorovanie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

    Pulzn oxymetria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Kapnometria a kapnografia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Elektrokardiografia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Meranie krvnho tlaku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Invazvne monitorovanie arterilneho tlaku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Relaxometria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Monitorovanie telesnej teploty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Monitorovanie hbky anestzie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

    Monitorovanie intraabdominlneho tlaku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Intraabdominlny tlak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Abdominlny perfzny tlak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Intraabdominlna hypertenzia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Abdominlny kompartmentov syndrm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Intraveziklny tlak (IVP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

    Cievne prstupy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Perifrne cievne prstupy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Chirurgick preparcia cievy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Centrlny venzny prstup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Intraoselny venzny prstup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Zabezpeenie urgentnho cievneho prstupu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Starostlivos o perifrne a centrlne vstupy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

    Tekutinov manament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Rozdelenie telovch tekutn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Monitorovanie hydratcie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Poruchy hydratcie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Fyziolgia preoperanho hladovania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Perioperan infzna terapia v pediatrii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

    Zabezpeenie pacienta poas operanho vkonu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Poloha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Poloha na chrbte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Poloha na bruchu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Poloha na boku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Trendelenburgova poloha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124Litotomick poloha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

    Prinect Color Editor: Page is color controlled with Prinect Color Editor: 3.0.52Copyright 2005 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG

    To view actual document colors and color spaces,please download free Prinect Color Editor: (Viewer) Plug-In from:http://www.heidelberg.com

    Applied Color Management Settings:Output Intent (Press Profile): ISOcoated.icc

    RGB Image:Profile: ECI_RGB.iccRendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    RGB Graphic:Profile: ECI_RGB.iccRendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent RGB/Lab Image:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent RGB/Lab Graphic:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent CMYK/Gray Image:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent CMYK/Gray Graphic:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Turn R=G=B (Tolerance 0.5%) Graphic into Gray: yes

    Turn C=M=Y,K=0 (Tolerance 0.1%) Graphic into Gray: noCMM for overprinting CMYK graphic: yesGray Image: Apply CMYK Profile: noGray Graphic: Apply CMYK Profile: noTreat Calibrated RGB as Device RGB: noTreat Calibrated Gray as Device Gray: yesRemove embedded non-CMYK Profiles: noRemove embedded CMYK Profiles: yes

    Applied Miscellaneous Settings:All Colors to knockout: noPure black to overprint: yes Limit: 100%Turn Overprint CMYK White to Knockout: yesTurn Overprinting Device Gray to K: yesCMYK Overprint mode: set to OPM1 if not setCreate "All" from 4x100% CMYK: yesDelete "All" Colors: noConvert "All" to K: no

  • 14 DETSK CHIRURGIA

    Lumbotomick poloha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Operan polohy pacientov uplatovan v jednotlivch chirurgickch odboroch 127Komplikcie z nesprvnej operanej polohy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

    Celkov anestzia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Anestetick techniky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134Inhalan anestzia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136Umel ventilcia pc v detskej anestziolgii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138Inhalan versus intravenzna anestzia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

    Diea s plnm aldkom a anestzia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144Aspircia ako nebezpen komplikcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145Profylaktick opatrenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148Prprava pacienta s plnm aldkom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149vod do celkovej anestzie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150Voba svalovho relaxans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150Vedenie celkovej anestzie a extubcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Postup v prpade aspircie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

    pecilne postupy a situcie pri anestzii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153Celkov anestzia u prematrnych det . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153Vroden vvojov chyby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

    Syndrm krtkeho reva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156Atrzie gastrointestinlneho traktu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Pylorostenza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157revn obtrukcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Gastroschza a omfalokla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158Diafragmatick hernia (CDH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160Atrzia ezofgu (EA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

    Torakoskopick vkony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167Laparoskopick vkony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182Trauma a polytrauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

    Detsk ambulantn anestziologick starostlivos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193Spektrum vhodnch chirurgickch zkrokov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195Predoperan prprava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195Prprava dieaa na zkrok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197Indukcia ako hladk vod do celkovej anestzie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197Zabezpeenie dchacch ciest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197Vedenie celkovej anestzie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197Pooperan komplikcie a lieba bolesti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198Perioperan a pooperan analgzia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198Kritri na prepustenie pacienta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

    2. ANTIINFEKN ANTIBIOTICK LIEBA V DETSKEJ CHIRURGII 205Antibiotick profylaxia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208Perioperan starostlivos v detskom veku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209Predoperan starostlivos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210Peroperan starostlivos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211Pooperan starostlivos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214Pooperan komplikcie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

    Prinect Color Editor: Page is color controlled with Prinect Color Editor: 3.0.52Copyright 2005 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG

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    Applied Color Management Settings:Output Intent (Press Profile): ISOcoated.icc

    RGB Image:Profile: ECI_RGB.iccRendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    RGB Graphic:Profile: ECI_RGB.iccRendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent RGB/Lab Image:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent RGB/Lab Graphic:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent CMYK/Gray Image:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent CMYK/Gray Graphic:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Turn R=G=B (Tolerance 0.5%) Graphic into Gray: yes

    Turn C=M=Y,K=0 (Tolerance 0.1%) Graphic into Gray: noCMM for overprinting CMYK graphic: yesGray Image: Apply CMYK Profile: noGray Graphic: Apply CMYK Profile: noTreat Calibrated RGB as Device RGB: noTreat Calibrated Gray as Device Gray: yesRemove embedded non-CMYK Profiles: noRemove embedded CMYK Profiles: yes

    Applied Miscellaneous Settings:All Colors to knockout: noPure black to overprint: yes Limit: 100%Turn Overprint CMYK White to Knockout: yesTurn Overprinting Device Gray to K: yesCMYK Overprint mode: set to OPM1 if not setCreate "All" from 4x100% CMYK: yesDelete "All" Colors: noConvert "All" to K: no

  • 15

    3. HEMOTERAPIA V PEDIATRII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221Kompatibilita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222Transfzne lieky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223Indikcie hemoterapie v pediatrii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224Krvn prpravky na autolgnu transfziu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228Podvanie transfznych liekov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228Transfzne reakcie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

    4. RNTGENOLOGICK VYETROVACIE METDY V DETSKEJ CHIRURGII 231Skiagrafia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

    Pri ochoreniach skeletu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232Pri ochoreniach hrudnka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232Pri ochoreniach gastrointestinlneho traktu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232Pri ochoreniach uropoetickho systmu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

    Skiaskopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233Vyetrenie gastrointestinlneho traktu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

    CT vyetrovacie metdy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235CT v oblasti hlavy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236CT v oblasti krku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236CT v oblasti hrudnka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237CT v oblasti brucha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

    MR vyetrovacie metdy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238MR v oblasti hlavy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238MR v oblasti axilneho skeletu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238MR v oblasti hrudnka a brucha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238Digitlna subtrakn angiografia (DSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

    Ultrasonografia v detskej chirurgii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244Sonografick prstroj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244USG abdomenu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

    Vyetrenie lnka a lovch ciest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246Vyetrenie peene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247Vyetrenie pankreasu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248Vyetrenie sleziny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248Vyetrenie urotraktu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249Vyetrenie malej panvy u dievat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250Vyetrenie malej panvy u chlapcov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251Vyetrenie nadobliiek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251Vyetrenie gastrointestinlneho traktu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251Vyetrenie peritonelnej dutiny, retroperitonea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

    USG krku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254Vyetrenie ttnej azy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254Vyetrenie lymfatickch uzln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254Vyetrenie mkkch ast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

    USG hrudnka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255USG inch oblast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255USG mozgu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

    5. NDOROV OCHORENIA V DETSKOM VEKU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

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    Device Independent RGB/Lab Image:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent RGB/Lab Graphic:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent CMYK/Gray Image:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent CMYK/Gray Graphic:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Turn R=G=B (Tolerance 0.5%) Graphic into Gray: yes

    Turn C=M=Y,K=0 (Tolerance 0.1%) Graphic into Gray: noCMM for overprinting CMYK graphic: yesGray Image: Apply CMYK Profile: noGray Graphic: Apply CMYK Profile: noTreat Calibrated RGB as Device RGB: noTreat Calibrated Gray as Device Gray: yesRemove embedded non-CMYK Profiles: noRemove embedded CMYK Profiles: yes

    Applied Miscellaneous Settings:All Colors to knockout: noPure black to overprint: yes Limit: 100%Turn Overprint CMYK White to Knockout: yesTurn Overprinting Device Gray to K: yesCMYK Overprint mode: set to OPM1 if not setCreate "All" from 4x100% CMYK: yesDelete "All" Colors: noConvert "All" to K: no

  • 16 DETSK CHIRURGIA

    Wilmsov ndor (nefroblastm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265Neuroblastm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268Ndory peene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271Sarkmy mkkch tkanv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274Ndory zo zrodkovch buniek (germinatvne ndory) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277Sarkmy kost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

    Osteosarkm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280Ewingov sarkm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

    6. DARCOVSTVO A TRANSPLANTCIE ORGNOV U DET . . . . . . . . . . 287Histria oblikovch transplantci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288Prvne a etick aspekty transplantci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

    Prvna defincia mozgovej smrti ako smrti jedinca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290Shlas na odber orgnov po smrti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291Odbery orgnov od ijcich darcov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

    Imunobiolgia, vber prov: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294HLA typizcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295Vber prov: darca prjemca (alokan kritri) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296Imunosupresvna lieba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

    pecifik transplantci v detskom veku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299Technick chirurgick faktory a dysfunkcia tepu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299Rast a vvoj dieaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300Nespoluprca pediatrickho pacienta po transplantcii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

    Odbery orgnov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300Legislatva darcovstva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300Indikcie a kontraindikcie odberov orgnov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

    Veobecn kontraindikcie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304Orgnovopecifick kontraindikcie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

    Technika odberu orgnov a ich konzervcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306Poiadavky na kvalitu odberov a technika odberu orgnov . . . . . . . . . 306tandardn odber orgnov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307Chirurgick aspekty odberu a transplantcie obliky od ijceho darcu . . 312Komplikcie poas odberu orgnov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

    Konzervcia orgnov a konzervan roztoky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318Transplantcie orgnov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

    Transplantcia obliiek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320Chirurgick predtransplantan prprava . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320Technika transplantcie obliiek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

    Transplantcie peene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326Transplantcie srdca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328Transplantcia pc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329Transplantcie tenkho reva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

    Pooperan starostlivos a komplikcie po transplantcii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330Bezprostredn potransplantan starostlivos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330Komplikcie po transplantcii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

    Chirurgick komplikcie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331Afunkcia a dysfunkcia tepu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333Imunologick komplikcie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

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    RGB Graphic:Profile: ECI_RGB.iccRendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent RGB/Lab Image:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent RGB/Lab Graphic:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent CMYK/Gray Image:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent CMYK/Gray Graphic:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Turn R=G=B (Tolerance 0.5%) Graphic into Gray: yes

    Turn C=M=Y,K=0 (Tolerance 0.1%) Graphic into Gray: noCMM for overprinting CMYK graphic: yesGray Image: Apply CMYK Profile: noGray Graphic: Apply CMYK Profile: noTreat Calibrated RGB as Device RGB: noTreat Calibrated Gray as Device Gray: yesRemove embedded non-CMYK Profiles: noRemove embedded CMYK Profiles: yes

    Applied Miscellaneous Settings:All Colors to knockout: noPure black to overprint: yes Limit: 100%Turn Overprint CMYK White to Knockout: yesTurn Overprinting Device Gray to K: yesCMYK Overprint mode: set to OPM1 if not setCreate "All" from 4x100% CMYK: yesDelete "All" Colors: noConvert "All" to K: no

  • 17

    Infekn komplikcie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

    7. POPLENINY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341vod do problematiky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

    Defincia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342Vskyt detskch poplenn a ich priny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342Patofyziolgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343Popleninov ok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346Popleninov choroba (popleninov syndrm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

    Prv pomoc a prvotn oetrenie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348Lieenie popleninovho oku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359Aktne obdobie: celkov starostlivos, komplikcie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364Metdy loklnej lieby poplenn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

    Konzervatvne metdy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365Obvz rany a jeho loha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366Topick prostriedky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367Prpravky na odstrnenie nekrz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

    Chirurgick metdy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368Spsoby chirurgickej exczie poplenej koe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369Metdy krytia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370Stratgia a taktika chirurgickej lieby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

    Obdobie retitcie a rehabilitcie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374Mal popleniny ambulantn lieenie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375Nsledn starostlivos, monosti rekontrukcie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

    8. KRN CHIRURGIA V DETSKOM VEKU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381Medilna krn fistula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382Medilna krn cysta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383Laterlna bronchilna krn fistula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383Laterlna cysta krku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384Choroby ttnej azy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

    9. TRAUMATOLOGIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391Traumatologie nauka o razech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392

    Rny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392Rozdlen ran dle rznch aspekt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392Oteven rny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392Oeten ran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393Hojen ran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393Faktory ovlivujc hojen ran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395

    Porann sval a lach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395Porann il . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395Porann tepen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396Porann nerv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396Dtsk zlomeniny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396

    Hojen zlomenin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396Hojen a stabilita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397Reposice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

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    Applied Color Management Settings:Output Intent (Press Profile): ISOcoated.icc

    RGB Image:Profile: ECI_RGB.iccRendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    RGB Graphic:Profile: ECI_RGB.iccRendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent RGB/Lab Image:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent RGB/Lab Graphic:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent CMYK/Gray Image:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent CMYK/Gray Graphic:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Turn R=G=B (Tolerance 0.5%) Graphic into Gray: yes

    Turn C=M=Y,K=0 (Tolerance 0.1%) Graphic into Gray: noCMM for overprinting CMYK graphic: yesGray Image: Apply CMYK Profile: noGray Graphic: Apply CMYK Profile: noTreat Calibrated RGB as Device RGB: noTreat Calibrated Gray as Device Gray: yesRemove embedded non-CMYK Profiles: noRemove embedded CMYK Profiles: yes

    Applied Miscellaneous Settings:All Colors to knockout: noPure black to overprint: yes Limit: 100%Turn Overprint CMYK White to Knockout: yesTurn Overprinting Device Gray to K: yesCMYK Overprint mode: set to OPM1 if not setCreate "All" from 4x100% CMYK: yesDelete "All" Colors: noConvert "All" to K: no

  • 18 DETSK CHIRURGIA

    Fixace zlomenin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397Stabilita lomk zlomenin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398Typy dtskch zlomenin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

    Kompartmentov syndrom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399Mechanismus vzniku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399Piny vzniku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400Dlen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400Rozdlen dle anatomickch pomr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400Pznaky kompartment syndromu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401Sledovn a men dleitch hodnot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401Lba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

    Kraniocerebrln porann v dtskm vku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402Porann skalpu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405Kefalhematom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405Zlomeniny lebky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

    Vpen zlomenina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408Ping-pong zlomenina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409Rostouc zlomenina (growing fracture) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409Linern fraktury base lebn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

    Zlomeniny onice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410Otes mozku (commotio cerebri) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411Zhmodn mozku (contusio cerebri) a mozkov edm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411Epidurln hematom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411Porann mozkovch ilnch splav . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413Subdurln hematom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

    Akutn subdurln hematom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414Extraaxiln kolekce tekutiny (efze) u dt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415Traumatick hemocefalus novorozenc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416Syndrom tranho dtte (battered child) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416Dt tesen (shaken baby) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

    Prognza dtskch porann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417Porann hrudnku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

    Anatomick poznmky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417Kostra hrudnku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417Mkk tkn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418Svaly hrudnku (musculi thoracis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418Brnice (diaphragma) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

    Rozdlen porann hrudnku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418Kontuze plce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418Pneumothorax zaven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419Oteven pneumothorax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420Tenzn pneumothorax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421Hemothorax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421Traumatick asfyxie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421Chylothorax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

    Porann skeletu hrudnku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422Zlomeniny sterna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422Zlomeniny eber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

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    Applied Color Management Settings:Output Intent (Press Profile): ISOcoated.icc

    RGB Image:Profile: ECI_RGB.iccRendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    RGB Graphic:Profile: ECI_RGB.iccRendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent RGB/Lab Image:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent RGB/Lab Graphic:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent CMYK/Gray Image:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent CMYK/Gray Graphic:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Turn R=G=B (Tolerance 0.5%) Graphic into Gray: yes

    Turn C=M=Y,K=0 (Tolerance 0.1%) Graphic into Gray: noCMM for overprinting CMYK graphic: yesGray Image: Apply CMYK Profile: noGray Graphic: Apply CMYK Profile: noTreat Calibrated RGB as Device RGB: noTreat Calibrated Gray as Device Gray: yesRemove embedded non-CMYK Profiles: noRemove embedded CMYK Profiles: yes

    Applied Miscellaneous Settings:All Colors to knockout: noPure black to overprint: yes Limit: 100%Turn Overprint CMYK White to Knockout: yesTurn Overprinting Device Gray to K: yesCMYK Overprint mode: set to OPM1 if not setCreate "All" from 4x100% CMYK: yesDelete "All" Colors: noConvert "All" to K: no

  • 19

    Porann bicha a retroperitonea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423Porann bin stny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424Porann parenchymatznch orgn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

    Porann sleziny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425Porann jater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428Porann pankreatu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

    Porann orgn GIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432Porann aludku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432Porann duodena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432Porann jejuna a ilea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433Porann tlustho steva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434Porann perinea a anlnho otvoru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435Porann omenta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435Porann cv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435

    Porann retroperitonea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435Porann ledvin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435Porann nadledvin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436Porann moovodu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437Porann moovho mche . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437Porann moov trubice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438

    Poleptn GIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438Porann horn konetiny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

    Zlomeniny kln kosti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439Luxace kln kosti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440Zlomenina lopatky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441Porann ramennho kloubu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441Zlomeniny pan kosti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

    Zlomeniny hornho konce pan kosti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442Zlomeniny diafzy pan kosti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444Zlomeniny dolnho konce pan kosti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

    Luxace lokte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448Porann pedlokt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

    Porann hornho konce pedloketnch kost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448Zlomeniny pedloketnch kost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

    Porann ruky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453Pokozen nehtovho komplexu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453Pokozen struktur souvisejcch s nehtovm komplexem . . . . . . . . . 453lachov porann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454Dislokace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456Porann skeletu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456Zlomeniny karplnch kost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456Zlomeniny metakarplnch kost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456Zlomeniny falangln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457Porann nerv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

    Amputace a ztrtov porann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458Replantace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458

    Replantace prst, ruky a pae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458Rekonstrukce chopov schopnosti ruky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

    Prinect Color Editor: Page is color controlled with Prinect Color Editor: 3.0.52Copyright 2005 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG

    To view actual document colors and color spaces,please download free Prinect Color Editor: (Viewer) Plug-In from:http://www.heidelberg.com

    Applied Color Management Settings:Output Intent (Press Profile): ISOcoated.icc

    RGB Image:Profile: ECI_RGB.iccRendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    RGB Graphic:Profile: ECI_RGB.iccRendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent RGB/Lab Image:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent RGB/Lab Graphic:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent CMYK/Gray Image:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent CMYK/Gray Graphic:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Turn R=G=B (Tolerance 0.5%) Graphic into Gray: yes

    Turn C=M=Y,K=0 (Tolerance 0.1%) Graphic into Gray: noCMM for overprinting CMYK graphic: yesGray Image: Apply CMYK Profile: noGray Graphic: Apply CMYK Profile: noTreat Calibrated RGB as Device RGB: noTreat Calibrated Gray as Device Gray: yesRemove embedded non-CMYK Profiles: noRemove embedded CMYK Profiles: yes

    Applied Miscellaneous Settings:All Colors to knockout: noPure black to overprint: yes Limit: 100%Turn Overprint CMYK White to Knockout: yesTurn Overprinting Device Gray to K: yesCMYK Overprint mode: set to OPM1 if not setCreate "All" from 4x100% CMYK: yesDelete "All" Colors: noConvert "All" to K: no

  • 20 DETSK CHIRURGIA

    Replantace skalpu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460Replantace boltce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461Replantace nosu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

    Rekonstrukce konch defekt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462Porann doln konetiny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

    Zlomeniny pnve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463Zlomeniny acetabula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466Porann kyelnho kloubu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468Zlomeniny stehenn kosti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

    Zlomeniny proximlnho konce femuru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468Zlomeniny krku stehenn kosti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469Zlomeniny diafzy femuru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470

    Porann kolennho kloubu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472Porann mkkho kolena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472Porann menisk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473Porann vaz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474Porann kloubnho pouzdra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475Porann nitrokloubnch as . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476Porann tvrdho kolene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476Osteochondrln zlomeniny kolennho kloubu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477Souasn monosti lby porann kloubn chrupavky . . . . . . . . . . . 477

    Porann pately . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478Zlomeniny diafzy brce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479Poranenia lenkov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

    Fyziologick anatmia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480Poranenia lenkovch vzov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481Zlomeniny lenkov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482

    Poranenia nohy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488Fyziologick anatmia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488Poranenie vzov nohy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488Zlomeniny kalkanea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489Zlomeniny talu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489Zlomeniny navikularis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490Zlomeniny kuboidea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490Tarzometatarzlne zlomeniny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490Zlomeniny lnkov prstov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491Filozofia lieby poranen lenka a nohy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492

    10. HRUDN CHIRURGIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497Vroden deformity hrudnka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498

    Pectus excavatum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498Pectus carinatum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503Polandov syndrm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505

    Vroden diafragmatick hernia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508Vroden vvojov chyby pc a dchacch ciest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

    Vroden anomlie spojen s obtrukciou dchacch ciest . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521Tracheomalcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521Vroden trachelna membrna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

    Prinect Color Editor: Page is color controlled with Prinect Color Editor: 3.0.52Copyright 2005 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG

    To view actual document colors and color spaces,please download free Prinect Color Editor: (Viewer) Plug-In from:http://www.heidelberg.com

    Applied Color Management Settings:Output Intent (Press Profile): ISOcoated.icc

    RGB Image:Profile: ECI_RGB.iccRendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    RGB Graphic:Profile: ECI_RGB.iccRendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent RGB/Lab Image:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent RGB/Lab Graphic:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent CMYK/Gray Image:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent CMYK/Gray Graphic:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Turn R=G=B (Tolerance 0.5%) Graphic into Gray: yes

    Turn C=M=Y,K=0 (Tolerance 0.1%) Graphic into Gray: noCMM for overprinting CMYK graphic: yesGray Image: Apply CMYK Profile: noGray Graphic: Apply CMYK Profile: noTreat Calibrated RGB as Device RGB: noTreat Calibrated Gray as Device Gray: yesRemove embedded non-CMYK Profiles: noRemove embedded CMYK Profiles: yes

    Applied Miscellaneous Settings:All Colors to knockout: noPure black to overprint: yes Limit: 100%Turn Overprint CMYK White to Knockout: yesTurn Overprinting Device Gray to K: yesCMYK Overprint mode: set to OPM1 if not setCreate "All" from 4x100% CMYK: yesDelete "All" Colors: noConvert "All" to K: no

  • 21

    Vroden stenza trachey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523Agenza trachey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

    Vroden anomlie spojen s opakovanmi aspirciami . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525Tracheoezofaglna fistula (H-fistula) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526Laryngotracheoezofaglny rztep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527

    Vroden anomlie spojen s vysokm rizikom vzniku infekcie . . . . . . . . . . 529Vroden cystick adenomatoidn malformcia pc . . . . . . . . . . . . 529Bronchopulmonlna sekvestrcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530Chronick atelektza (middle lobe syndrome) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532

    Chirurgick ochorenia mediastna u det . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533Cysty medzihrudia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535

    Bronchognne cysty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536Enterognne, ezofaglne, gastroenterick a neurenterick cysty . . . . . . 537Mezotelov cysty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538Lymfatick cysty mediastna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538Tymick cysty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539

    Tumory medzihrudia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540Ndory tmusu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542Mediastinlne lymfmy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544Neurognne tumory autonmneho nervovho systmu a paraganglimy . . 546Mediastinlne tumory zo zrodonch buniek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548

    Zpalov procesy mediastna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550Pooperan mediastinitda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551Mediastinitda po perforcii paerka alebo trachey . . . . . . . . . . . . 552Descendentn nekrotizujca mediastinitda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553

    Ndory hrudnka u det . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555Klinick manifestcia ndorov hrudnka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555Ndory hrudnej steny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559

    Bengne ndory hrudnej steny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559Malgne ndory hrudnej steny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562

    Ndory mlienej azy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564Bengne ndory mlienej azy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565Malgne ndory mlienej azy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565

    Ndory pcneho parenchmu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566Bengne ndory pc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566Malgne ndory pc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568

    Ndory srdca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570Ndory vyrastajce z pleury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571Neskor komplikcie lieby ndorov hrudnka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571

    Pneumotorax v detskom veku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575Pneumotorax novorodencov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575Pneumotorax det . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586

    Fluidotorax v detskom veku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593Empym . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609Chylotorax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610

    Pcne cysty v detskom veku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625Vroden cystick ochorenia pc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

    Vroden lobrny emfyzm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

    Prinect Color Editor: Page is color controlled with Prinect Color Editor: 3.0.52Copyright 2005 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG

    To view actual document colors and color spaces,please download free Prinect Color Editor: (Viewer) Plug-In from:http://www.heidelberg.com

    Applied Color Management Settings:Output Intent (Press Profile): ISOcoated.icc

    RGB Image:Profile: ECI_RGB.iccRendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    RGB Graphic:Profile: ECI_RGB.iccRendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent RGB/Lab Image:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent RGB/Lab Graphic:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent CMYK/Gray Image:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Device Independent CMYK/Gray Graphic:Rendering Intent: PerceptualBlack Point Compensation: no

    Turn R=G=B (Tolerance 0.5%) Graphic into Gray: yes

    Turn C=M=Y,K=0 (Tolerance 0.1%) Graphic into Gray: noCMM for overprinting CMYK graphic: yesGray Image: Apply CMYK Profile: noGray Graphic: Apply CMYK Profile: noTreat Calibrated RGB as Device RGB: noTreat Calibrated Gray as Device Gray: yesRemove embedded non-CMYK Profiles: noRemove embedded CMYK Profiles: yes

    Applied Miscellaneous Settings:All Colors to knockout: noPure black to overprint: yes Limit: 100%Turn Overprint CMYK White to Knockout: yesTurn Overprinting Device Gray to K: yesCMYK Overprint mode: set to OPM1 if not setCreate "All" from 4x100% CMYK: yesDelete "All" Colors: noConvert "All" to K: no

  • 22 DETSK CHIRURGIA

    Vroden pcne cysty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626Zskan cystick ochorenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627

    Emfyzm z cudzieho telesa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627Parazitrne cysty pc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628Cystick tvary pri bronchiektzich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628Absces pc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628

    Resekcie pc v detskom veku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630Indikcie na resekciu pc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630Resekcie pc z otvorenho prstupu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631Videotorakoskopick resekcie pc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632Predoperan prprava pred resekciou pc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634Ventilcia detskho pacienta pri pcnych resekcich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635Komplikcie pcnych resekci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635Perioperan rehabilitcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636

    11. BRUN CHIRURGIA V DETSKOM VEKU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639Bolesti brucha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640Chronick bolesti brucha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645Diferencilna diagnostika vracania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652Cudzie teles v trviacom trakte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664Refluxn choroba paerka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670Endoluminlne metdy lieby GERD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679Vroden vvojov chyby prednej brunej steny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685

    Perzistujci omfaloenterick duktus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686Perzistujca urachlna fistula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687Diastza rektlnych svalov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689Gastroschza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689Omfalokla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691Medilna fisra trbina epigastria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694Vezikointestinlna fisra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695Manament pacientov s defektmi brunej steny . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696

    Hernia inguinalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701Atrzia paerka a tracheoezofaglne malformcie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704Vroden obtrukcia aldka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720Volvulus aldka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721Atrzia pyloru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .