32
Determining Stellar Properties – classical methods T eff , logg, [Fe/H], Luminosity, Mass, Radius, Age and their relation to colours Karsten Brogaard

Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    3

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Determining Stellar Properties –classical methods

Teff, logg, [Fe/H], Luminosity, Mass, Radius, Age

and their relation to colours

Karsten Brogaard

Page 2: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Colour‐temperature relation

Page 3: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Filters, magnitudes and colours

J. Jessen‐Hansen – Studenter Kollokvium 323‐01‐2014

U          B                  V                                                           I

u            v            b              y

Page 4: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

IRFM

Page 5: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Spectroscopy – Teff, logg, [Fe/H]

Page 6: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Interferometry

Page 7: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not
Page 8: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not
Page 9: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Interferometry

With the measurement of θ we can calculateTeff:

and the stellar radius R if we know the distance D:

R= (θ/2)*D

Page 10: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Distance – parallax ‐ Parsec

1 Parsec = 1 AU/1” = 206265 AU = 4.4e7 Rʘ = 3.09e16 m

D = 1/π , π = parallax in arcseconds

Page 11: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Distance – parallax ‐ Parsec

1 Parsec = 1 AU/1” = 206265 AU = 4.4e7 Rʘ = 3.09e16 mD(Parsec) = 1/π , π = parallax in arcseconds

Distances in the universe:To..the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pcthe sun :  4.8481×10−6 pcthe nearest star (not the sun) : 1.3 pcthe center of the MW:  8 kpcAndromeda (M31): 778 kpc

Page 12: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Luminosity and distance

Page 13: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Calibrations

• Colour‐Teff (e.g. Casagade et al. 2010)

Page 14: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Calibrations

• Colour‐Diameter (e.g. Di Benedetto 2005)

Θ = 100.2[Sv‐V0] , SV = 2.565 + 1.483(V‐K)0 ‐ 0.044(V‐K)02

Page 15: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Calibrations

• Bolometric Correctionand Colour‐Teff(e.g. Casagrande & VandenBerg 2014!)

Page 16: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Isochrones‐ Star evolutionary track

‐> with element composition as the sun

Tid

Page 17: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Isochrones

Tid

‐ Star evolutionary tracks‐> Same composition but different masses

Page 18: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Isochrones

Tid

‐ A given point in time…

xx

xx

x

x1010År

Page 19: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Isochrones

Tid

1010År

Masse

Page 20: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Isochrones

Tid

109År

Masse

1010År

Masse

Page 21: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Shifted to colour‐magnitude diagram

Isochrones

older

Cassisi et al

Page 22: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

older

Isochrones

109År

Masse

1010År

from VandenBerg et al (2013)

Page 23: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Colour‐magnitude diagram (CMD)

‐ Hipparcos Catalog15000 stars

Blue B‐V Red

High Temp Low Temp

Apparent Magnitude          V

Low = bright!

High = faint

Page 24: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Colour‐magnitude diagram (CMD)

‐ Hipparcos Catalog15000 stars

Blue B‐V Red

High Temp Low Temp

Absolute Magnitude          Mv

Low = bright!

High = faint

Page 25: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Why the differences?

Page 26: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Isochrones

ældre

[Fe/H]

Højere metal‐indhold

X + Y + Z = 1(H + He + resten= 1)

Cassisi et al

Page 27: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Detached eclipsing binaries

iM 32,1 sinR1,2/a

i =↓

M 1,2

R1,2

Pi

→ [ Fe / H ]T eff

↑↓

glog

ia sin

Page 28: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Detached eclipsing binaries

Page 29: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Detached eclipsing binaries

iM 32,1 sinR1,2/a

i =↓

M 1,2

R1,2

Pi

→ [ Fe / H ]T eff

↑↓

glog

ia sin

Page 30: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not
Page 31: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Age from a mass‐radius diagram Thompson et al. (2010) 47 Tuc

Page 32: Determining Stellar Properties classical methods · Distance –parallax‐Parsec 1 ... To.. the math canteen : ~ 6.5×10−15 pc the 6sun : 4.8481×10− pc the nearest star (not

Summary

Teff : IRFM, spectroscopy, interferometry+flux[Fe/H], logg : spectroscopyR : interferometry+parallax, eclipsing binaryL : parallax+flux, eclipsing binaryM : eclipsing binaryAge: isochrones

+ as many of the others a possible!