Determination of Fuel Properties and Engine Performance of

Ethanol/Gasoline Blends for Spark Ignition Engine

Prepared by:

Mathani Yusuf HassanMohammed Abd Elazeem HussienHind Izzeldin Osman

Supervisor:Dr. Abd Elmutalib Fadel Almula

INTRODUCTION

• Food and energy demand, economic crisis, increasing threat to the environment from

exhaust emissions and global warming have generated intense international interest in

developing bio-fuel for engines

INTRODUCTION

Sudan is an agricultural country with fertile land, plenty of water resources, livestock, forestry

resources, and agricultural residues, Sugarcane is one of the main crops and its

remains can be used in the production of the ethanol

Objectives• To determine properties of ethanol

alcohol/gasoline blends such as density, API gravity, viscosity, cloud point, flash and fire point, heat value and compare them with those of gasoline fuel.

• To determine Octane rating using Research Octane Number (RON) method of ethanol alcohol/gasoline blends and compare them with those of gasoline fuel.

Objectives• To evaluate engine performance on

Ethanol/Gasoline blends compared to gasoline fuel; performance parameters being: power output, engine torque, fuel consumption rate, specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency.

Materials

Fuel blends Material

• Ethanol Alcohol (98.3%), KSC product obtained by ethanol factory.

• Gasoline (benzene).

• Tested Blends prepared by adding ethanol alcohol up to 25% to pure gasoline (No water phase separation).

Materials

Material

Symbol No. Fuel

1 100%gasoline (reference fuel) Gasoline

2 90%gasoline +10% ethanol E10

3 85%gasoline +15% ethanol E15

4 80%gasoline +20% ethanol E20

5 75%gasoline +25% ethanol E25

Tested Fuels

Materials

Fuel properties experiments were carried out in center petroleum laboratories and laboratories of Petroleum and Gas engineering department university of Khartoum.

Fuel Properties Determination

Cannon-Fenske opaque viscometer

Hydrometer

Pensky-Martens cup apparatus

Cloud Point Test Apparatus

Recording Bomb Calorimeter

Distillation device

Cooperative Fuels Research (CFR) Engine

Performance Test Unit

Honda EMS 3000

Variable electrical loader

Tachometer

Ammeter

Voltmeter

Electric Balance (3 kg capacity)

Results

Engine test results

CONCLUSIONS• Fuel properties of tested

Ethanol/Gasoline blends such as density and viscosity increased continuously and linearly with increasing percentage of ethanol while API gravity and heat value decreased with decreasing percentage of ethanol increase. Furthermore, cloud point, flash and fire points were found to be higher than gasoline fuel.

CONCLUSIONS

• The tested blends Octane rating based Research Octane Number (RON) increased continuously and linearly with increasing percentage of ethanol.

CONCLUSIONS

• The tested blends developed higher power and fuel consumption rate with increase brake thermal efficiency.

• Ethanol fuels can be use as alternative fuel for gasoline engine up to 25% blends without engine modification.

RECOMMENDATIONS

• Comprehensive and extensive testing on fuel properties, engine performance and emissions of ethanol/gasoline blends on spark ignition engine should be tested for long time.

RECOMMENDATIONS

• Research and collaboration should be carried out in with sugar industry and GIAD motors regarding using ethanol as alternative for spark ignition engines.

Thank you