DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR DISTANCE EDUCATION POST GRADUATE PROGRAM · detailed syllabus for distance education post graduate program master of zoology first ... total marks : 700 course

DETAILED SYLLABUS

FOR

DISTANCE EDUCATION

POST GRADUATE PROGRAM

MASTER OF ZOOLOGY

FIRST SEMESTER

COURSE TITLE : MASTER OF ZOOLOGYDURATION : 2 YEARSMODE : SEMESTERTOTAL MARKS : 700

COURSE TITLE Paper Code

MARKSTHEORY PRACTICAL TOTAL

MARKSINTERNAL EXTERNAL INTERNAL EXTERNAL

Principles of MolecularBiology & Biotechnology MSCZ/S/110 40 60 NA NA 100

Invertebrates - Structure &Function MSCZ/S/120 40 60 NA NA 100

Principles ofBiosystematics AndTaxonomy MSCZ/S/130 40 60 NA NA 100

Paper – 1 Paper Code- MSCZ/S/110

PRINCIPLES OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT I:1. DNA replication: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication, Mechanics of DNAreplication, Enzymes and accessory proteins involved in DNA replication,2. Recombination and repair : Holiday junction, FLP/FRT and Cre-Lox recombination, Rec Aand other recombinases, DNA repair mechanisms.UNIT II:3. Transcription: Prokaryotic transcription, Eukaryotic transcription, Regulatory elements andmechanisms of transcription regulation, Transcription termination – attenuation andantitermination, Gene silencing.4. Post-transcriptional modifications in RNA: Cap formation, End processing andpolyadenylation, Splicing and editing, Nuclear export of mRNA, RNA stability.UNIT III:5. Translation31: Genetic code, Prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation, Regulation of translation,Co-and post-translation modifications of proteins.6. Protein sorting Organelle biogenesis and protein synthesis: Synthesis and targeting ofmitochondrial and choloroplast proteins, Synthesis and targeting of peroxisomal proteins,Secretory pathways, Translocation of secretory proteins across the ER membrane, Insertion of

membrane proteins in the ER membrane, Post-translation modifications in rER, Proteinglycosylation in ER and Golgi complex, Golgi and post-Golgi protein sorting and proteolyticprocessing, Receptors-mediated endocytosis and sorting of internalized proteins, Molecularmechanisms of vesicular traffic, Protein sorting Organelle biogenesis and protein synthesis.UNIT IV7. Molecular mapping of genome: Genetic and physical maps, Southern hybridization,fluorescence in situ hybridization( FISH) for genome analysis, Molecular markers in genomeanalysis( RFLP, RAPD and AFLP ), Application of RFLP in forensic, disease prognosis, geneticcounseling and pedigree analysis.8. Transgenic animals and knock-outs: Production, Applications, Embryonic stem cells,Bioethics.9.Assisted reproduction technologies: Embryo sexing and cloning., Screening for geneticdisorders, ICSI, GIFT etc., Cloning of animals by nuclear transfer.

SUGGESTED BOOKS• Molecular Cell Biology, J. Darnell H.Lodish and D. Baltimore Scientific AmericanBooks, Inc., USA.• Molecular Biology of the cell. B.Alberts, D.D.Bray, J.Lewis, M.Rafif, K. Robertsand J.D.Watson. Garland Publishing inc., New York.• Gene IV, Benjamin Lewin. Oxford University Press, UK.• Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. A comprehensive desk reference,R.A.Meyers (Ed.), VCH Publishers, Inc., New York.• Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, J.Sambrook, E.F.Fristsch and T.Maniatis, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York.• Introduction to Practical Molecular Biology, P.D.Dabre, John Wiley& Sons Ltd.New York.• Molecular Biology Lab Fax, T.A.Brown (Ed.), Bios Scientific Publishers Ltd.,Oxford

Paper –2 Paper Code-MSCZ/S/120

INVERTEBRATES: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

UNIT I :- Origin of metazoa- Organization of Coelom: Acoelomates, Pseudo coelomates, Coelomates- Locomotion : Amoeboid, Flageller and Ciliary movement in protozoa,Hydrostatic movements in Coelenterata ,Annelida and EchinodermataUNIT II- Nutrition and Digestion- Patterns of Feeding and digestion in lower metazoa, Mollusca,- Echinodermata, Filter feeding in polychaeta.- Respiration- Organs of respiration : Gills, lungs and trachea.- Respiratory pigments.

- Mechanism of respiration.UNIT III

Excretion in lower invertebratesExcretion in higher invertebrates.Mechanism of Osmoregulation.

UNIT IVNervous System

a. Primitive Nervous systems:-Coelentrata and Echinodermata.b.Advanced nervous system :- Annelida, Arthropoda(Crustacea and Insecta) and Mollusca (Cephalopoda)

UNIT V1. Invertebrate larval forms and their evolutionary significance

.a. Trematoda and Cestodab. Larval forms of Crustaceac. Larval forms of Molluscad. Larval forms of Echinodermata.

2. Structure affinities and life history of the following minor Phylaa. Rotiferab. Entoproctac. Phoronidad. Ectoprocta

Suggested Reading Materials:1. Hyman, L.H. The invertebrates, Nol. I.protozoa through Ctenophora,McGraw Hill Co., New York2. Barrington, E.J.W. Invertebrate structure and function. Thomas Nelsonanmd Sons Ltd., London.3. Jagerstein, G. Evolution of Metazoan life cycle, Academic Press, NewYork & London. M. Sc. Zoology 2011-2012 Onwards74. Hyman, L.H. The Invertebrates. Vol. 2. McGraw Hill Co., New York.5. Hyman, L.H. The Invertebrates. Vol. 8. McGraw Hill Co., New York andLondon.6. Barnes, R.D. Invertebrates Zoology, III edition. W.B. Saunders Co.Philadelphia.7. Russel-Hunter, W.D. A biology of higher invertbrates, the Macmillan Co.Ltd., London.8. Hyman, L.H. The Invertebrates smaller coelomate groups, Vol.V.Mc.Graw Hill Co., New York.9. Read, C.P. Animal Parasitism. Parasitism. prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey.10. Sedgwick, A.A. Student text book of Zoology. Vol. I,II and III. CentralBook Depot, Allahabad.11. Parker, T.J., haswell W.A. Text book of Zoology, Macmillan Co.,London.

Paper 3 Paper Code- MSCZ/S/130

Principles of Biosystematics and TaxonomyUnit I- . Definition and basic concepts of biosystematics taxonomy and- classification.- History of Classification- Trends in biosystematics : Chemotaxonomy cytotaxonomy and molecular- taxonomy- Dimensions of speciation and taxonomic characters.- Species concepts : species category, different species concepts,subspecies- and other infra-specific categories.- Theories of biological classification: hierarchy of categories.Unit II- Taxonomic Characters . Different kinds.

- Origin of reproductive isolation, biological mechanism of- genetic incompatibility.- Taxonomic procedures: Taxonomic collections , preservation- ,curetting, process of identification.- Taxonomic keys, different types of keys, their merits and- demerits.- International code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN):- Operative principles, interpretation and application of important- rules: Formation of Scientific names of various Taxa.Unit III- Taxonomic categories.

- Evaluation of biodiversity indices.- Evaluation of Shannon . Weiner Index.- Evaluation of Dominance Index.- Similarity and Dissimilarity Index.Unit IVConcepts of evolution and theories of organic evolution.Neo Darwinism and population genetics:A- Hardy-Weinberg law of genetic equilibrium.B . A detailed account of destabilizing forces:i- Natural selectionii- Mutationiii- Genetic Driftiv- Migrationv- Meiotic Drive.Trends in Evolution

Molecular Evolutiona) Gene evolutionb) Evolution of gene familiesc) Assessment of molecular variationUnit V- Origin of higher categories- Phylogenetic . gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.- Major trends in the origin of higher categories- Micro and macro evolution.- Molecular population genetics- Pattern of changes in nucleotide and amino acid sequence.- Ecological significance of molecular variations (genetic- polymorphism)- Genetic & Speciation- Phylogenetic and biological concept of species.- Patterns and mechanism of reproductive isolation.- Modes of speciation (allopatry & sympatry)- Origin and Evolution & Economically important microbes and animals.Suggested Reading Materials:1. M. Koto-The. Biology of biodiversity-Springer2. E.O. Wilson-Biodiversity-Academic Press Washington.3. G.G.-Simpson-Principle of animal taxonomy Oxford IBH Publicationcompany.4. E-Mayer-Elements of Taxonomy5. Bastchelet-F-Introduction to mathematics for life scientists SpringerVerlag, Berling.6. Skoal R.R. and F.J.Rohiff Biometry-Freeman, San-Francisco.7. Snecdor, G.W. and W.G. Cocharan Statisical Methods of affiliated-East-West Press, New Delhi.8. Murry J.D. Mathematical Biology-Springer, Verlag, Berlin.

DETAILED SYLLABUS

FOR

DISTANCE EDUCATION


MASTER OF ZOOLOGY

SECOND SEMESTER





Introduction toQuantitative Biology &Population Genetics

MSCZ/S/210 40 60 NA NA 100

Principle of Biochemistry MSCZ/S/220 40 60 NA NA 100

Animal PhysiologyMSCZ/S/230 NA NA 40 60 100

Paper –1 Paper Code- MSCZ/S/210

INTRODUCTION TO QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY & POPULATIONGENETICSUnit – I :Biostatistics: Introduction – Scope and application of statistics in Biology,Sampling – Essentials, advantages and methods of sampling and sampling errors,Frequency distribution : Preparation of ordered, discrete andcontinuous tables, Diagramatic presentation of data : Data presentation bydiagrams, graphs and curves, Skewness and KurtosisMeasures of central tendency : Mean, median and modeMeasures of dispersion : Standard deviation, variance and coefficient of varianceCorrelation and regressionUnit – II :Probability : Measurement, terminology, lawsProbability distributions : Binomial, Poisson and normal distributionsTests of significance : Chi-square test, t-testAnalysis of varianceFundamentals of computers – Hardware and SoftwareComputer-aided techniques for data presentation, data analysis and statisticaltechniques – Excel

Mathematical modeling – Types of models, building of a model, Examples ofmodels from Biology : Growth of snail shell, MorphogenesisUnit – III :Concepts of evolution and theories of organic evolution with emphasis onDarwinismNeo-Darwinism : Hardy Weinberg law of genetic equilibrium, A detailed accountof destabilizing forces - (i) natural Selection (ii) Mutation (iii) Migration (iv)Genetic driftQuantifying genetic variability : Genetic structure of natural populations,Phenotypic variation, Factors affecting human diseases frequencyGenetics of quantitative traits in populations : Analysis of quantitative traits,Quantitative traits and natural selection, Estimation or habitability, Genotype –environment interactions, Inbreeding, depression and HeterosisUnit – IV :Genetics of speciation : Phylogenetic and biological concept of species, Patternsand mechanisms of reproductive isolation, Models of speciation (Allopatric,Sympatric, Parapatric)Molecular evolution : Gene evolution, Evolution of gene families, Molecular driveOrigin of higher categories : Phylogenetic gradualism and punctuated equilibrium ,Micro- and macro-evolutionMolecular Phylogenetics : How to construct Phylogenetic trees?, Immunologicaltechniques, Restriction Enzyme sites, Amino acid phylogeny-DNA-DNAhybridizations, Nucleotide, sequence comparisons and homologiesSuggested Reading Material :1. Batschelet, E., Introduction to Mathematics for Life Scientists.Springer- Verlag, Berling.2. Jorgensen, S.E., Fundamentals of Ecological Modelling, Elsevier,New York.3. Swaritzman, G.L. and S.P.O. Kaluzny. Ecological SimulationPrimer Macmillan, New York.4. Lendr en, D. Modeling in Behavioural Ecology. Chapman & Hal.London,UK5. Sokal, R.R. & F.J. Rohlf. Biometry. Freeman, San Francisco.6. Jha, A.P. Genes and Evolution, John Publication, New Delhi7. King, M. Species Evolution – the role of chromosomal change.The Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.8. Merrel, D.J. Evolution and genetics. Oxford University Press, NewYork9. Strikberger, M.W. Evolution. Jones and Bartett Publishers,Boston, London


Principles of BiochemistryUNIT I :1. Biomolecules, characteristic features.2. Water, structure of liquid water, water as ideal biological solvent.3. Thermodynamics- free energy, entropy, high energy bondsUNIT II :1. Mitochondria: Electron transport, proton translocation, oxidationphosphorylation.2. Chloroplast: Photosynthesis and other processes involving light.UNIT III :1. Amino acids, peptides and polypeptides2. The three dimensional structures of proteins, the Ramchandran plot, α helix, βsheet.3. Structure of collagen, domain - basic unit of tertiary structure, Quaternarystructure. Functional diversity of proteins.UNIT IV :1. Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides, Disaccharides and polysaccharides,structure and function.2. Lipids: Chemistry of triglycerides sterols, quinones and prostaglandins.UNIT V :1. Nucleic Acids: structure and function, properties and types of nucleic acids.2. The RNA world.UNIT VI :1. Enzymology: Concepts of enzyme Units, Specific Activity, Coenzymes.2. Kinetics of Enzyme catalyzed reactions, Effect of pH, Temp, Inhibitor,activator.3. Regulation of enzyme activities.4. Isoenzyme: structure and function.Reference Books:• Biochemistry, 3rd Ed. (2005), Voet Donald and Voet Judith G. John, Publisher:Wiley & sons, New York.• Biochemistry 6th Ed, (2007) Berg Jeremy, Tymoczko John, Stryer Lubert,Publisher: W. H. Freeman, New York.• Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry, 4th edition, (2005) Nelson D. L. and CoxM. M. W. H. Freeman & Co. NY.• Biochemical Calculations, 2nd Ed., (1997) Segel Irvin H., Publisher: John Wileyand Sons, New York.• Enzymes: Biochemistry, Biotechnology & Clinical chemistry, (2001) PalmerTrevor , Publisher: Horwood Pub. Co., England.

Paper-3 Paper Code- MSCZ/S/230

Animal Physiology

UNIT I :01 Digestion: Physiology of digestion and absorption.02 Blood pigments: Role in oxygen transport, Oxygen dissociation curves andtheir physiological significances, Transport of CO2.UNIT II:03 Circulation: Cardiac cycle, Neurogenic and myogenic hearts, Blood volume,cardiac out-put.04 Muscle contraction: Structure of the skeletal muscle, proteins of themyofilaments, actin-myosin interaction; sarcoplasmic reticulum and role ofcalcium in contraction.UNIT III:05 Osmotic regulation: Osmolarity and toxicity, ionic regulation, hyper andhyposmotic regulators, ureosmotic animals.06 Excretion: Basic processes in urine formation, Renal function in animals“mammalian kidney”, Renal portal system.UNIT IV:07 Chemical communication: Neuro-hemal and endocrine organs, chemistry ofvertebrate hormones, Mechanism of hormone action.08 Sense organs: Classification of sense organs and their principles. Detailedmechanism of photoreaction, Types of reflexes and their functions, Principles ofneural integration.Reference Books:• Principles of Animal Physiology (2006), C. D. Moyes and P. M. Schulte.Publisher - Pearson Education Inc. and Dorling Kindersley Publishing Inc.• Text book of Medical Physiology 10th edition (2001),. A. C. Guyton and J. E.Hall. Publisher - W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. -• Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 11th edition (2006), G. J. Tortora and B.Derrickson. Publisher-John Wiley and Sons Inc.• Endocrinology, 5th edition (2008), Mac. E. Hadley. Publisher-Pearson EducationInc. and Dorling Kindersley Publishing Inc.• Comparative Vertebrate Endocrinology 3rd edition (1998), P. J. Bentley.PublisherCambridge University Press.• Vertebrate Endocrinology 3rd edition (1997), D. O. Norris. Publisher- AcademicPress: An imprint of Elsevier.• The World of the Cell, 7th edition, (2005), Wayne M. Becker, Lewis J.Kleinsmith, Jeff Hardin., Publisher - Benjamin Cummings.

DETAILED SYLLABUS

FOR

DISTANCE EDUCATION


MASTER OF ZOOLOGY

THIRD SEMESTER





CELL AND MOLECULARBIOLOGY MSCZ/S/310 40 60 NA NA 100

GENRAL MICROBIOLOGYAND BIOCHEMISTRY MSCZ/S/320 40 60 NA NA 100

BIOTECHNOLOGY MSCZ/S/330 40 60 NA NA 100

PRACTICALS – I MSCZ/S/340 NA NA 40 60 100

Paper – 1

Paper Code- MSCZ/S/310CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

UNIT – ICell concept – Size and form – ultra structure and functions of plosmo membranes. Endoplasmic

retieulum, Ribosomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, contriosomes, and golgicompled in the light of recent researches.

UNIT – IIUltra structure of chromosomes – Giant chromosomes – structure and functions – supernumerary (or) B.

Chromsomes.

UNIT – IIIInterphase nucleus – Dynamics of cell division, a molecular approach, cell centre and mitotic apparatus,

synoptenemal complex and movement of chromosomes.

UNIT – IVChemistry and structure of DNA, DNA replication, Nucleus DNA, amounts and c-value Paradox, satellite

DNA, functions, of repeated DNA sequence, mitochondrial DNA, A, B, and Z-DNA, Types chemistry and functionsof RNA, Processing of rRNA and tRNA. Gene action and Protein synthesis, genetic code – Processing andtranslation of mRNA.

UNIT – VRadiation and radioactivity Isotopes and their uses in biological investigation – Biological effects of

radiation – Geiger – Muller counter – scintillation counter.


GENRAL MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

GENERAL MICROBIOLOGYUNIT – I

History and scope of microbiology – prokaryotic and eukaryotic micro organisms. Morphological types –cell wall of gram Positive and Gram negative bacteria. A brief outline of structure of pictorial, plant and animalviruses, Bacteriophages. Brief account of HIV.

UNIT – IIIndustrial microbiology – Fermentation Process – Primary and secondary metabolies – industrial uses of

Bacteria – Lactic acid vinegar and industrial uses of yeasts

– Aminoacid pollution, alcohol and Baker’s yeast and food yeast – Industrial uses of molds – Pencillin.Production – citric acid – Enzyme Production.

UNIT – IIIDiary microbiology – Pasteurization – milk products – curd, butter, ghee, cheese and yogurt. Food

microbiology – Fermented food and food spoilage – food poisoning – factors influencing spoilage – Physico –chemical methods in food preservation.

UNIT – IVMEDICAL MICRBIOLOGY : Study of common bacterial and viral diseases of man – causative organisms

– symptoms and preventive measures (Gastro intestinal, respiratory and nervous systems).

UNIT – VHuman cancer : DNa Tumour viruses – Papilloma viruses – Epstein – Bair virus – Sc 40 virus RNA

tumour viruses – Retro viruses. – (Structure, replication, assembly and release) – Tumourgenic retroviruses, cellularviral oncogenes, relationship between viral and animal oncogenes – oncognene families – oncoprotiens – Tumoursuppressors.

BIOCHEMISTRYUNIT – I

Atoms, molecular, Polymerization of organic molecular – nature of living matter, major organiccomponents – chemistry of water – dissolved gasses - PH – buffers – membrane permeability. Structure, propertiesand functions of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids and Nucleic acids. Derivatives of carbohydrates and lipids.

UNIT – IIEnzymes – nature, classification and functions – co-enzymes – Isoenzymes, Antienzymes, mechanism of

enzyme action – enzyme inhibitors – enzyme kinetics.Energy –flow of energy of biolofical world concept of freeenergy, redoxpotential, coupling of chemical reactions in transfer of energy. High energy rich compounds –Thermodynamics.

UNIT – IIIMetabolism – Protein metabolism – Amino acid metabolism oxidative dermination – transmination –

decorboxylation, demethylation reactions. Carbohydrate metabolism – Glycogenesis, glycolysis – energeticsofkreb’s cycle, Gluconeogenesis, cori’s cycle, glycosuria – Diabetics – Lipidmetabolism – metabolism of fattyacids, glyeero’s cholesterol – Inborn errors of metabolism, BMR

UNIT – IVVitamins – Structure, sources, requirements, functions and deficiency manifestations of fat and water

soluble vitamins. Minerals – sources, functions, requirements, absorption and metabolism with reference to iron,calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, sodium, potassium and other trace elements as iodine, copper, Zinc and fluorine.

UNIT – VHarmon’s – chemical nature, properties and biochemical mode of functions of hormones.Hormonal control

of carbhyodrates, protein and lipidmetalbolism, cyclic AMP.

Paper Code- MSCZ/S/330Paper 3

BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT – IGenetic Engineering : Techniques – Concepts of gene clonning – CDNA & Geonomic Libraries and

RDNA technology – Strategies of genetic engineering – formation of DNA fragments – various methods –Introduction of recombinant vector into host cell – selection of clones – blotting techniques.

UNIT – IIFood Biotechnology : Microbial production of food – Single cell Protein (Algal, Bacterial and

Actinomycetes, yeast and Fugi) – Microbial production of flavours and other products and generalising foodbiotechnology.

UNIT – IIIEnzyme Engineering : Properties – Preparation methods – immobiliations – Ribozyme – Abzymes.

Hybridomas and Minoclonal antibodies – production and application. Animal cell and tissue culture – production- Animal viral vector, Transgenesis – transgenic animals – methods- gene targetting. Embryo technology –Manipulation – Embryo splitting – invitro fertilization.

UNIT – IVBiotechnology and Human Welfare : Production and hormones and vaccines . Biomass and Bioenergy –

conversion methods – types of bio fuels – fuels for further use.

UNIT – VValues of Biotechnology : Ethical values in animal and Human Cloning – Social and Environmental

problems due to cloning – DNA finger printing – Bio chips, Bio sensors – Gene therapy

Paper Code- MSCZ/S/340

PRACTICALS – I

1. Handling microscopes, Camera lucid, stage and ocular micrometers.2. Blood smear preparation, RBC, WBC count by Haemocytometer – differential count of WBC.3. Study cell division stages – Onion root tip squash technique for mitosis and grasses hopper testis for

meiosis.4. Mounting of the salivary gland chromosomes of chromosomes larva.5. Human blood grouping.6. Washing and sterilization of glassware.7. Media preparation – Liquid and solid media.8. Staining of bacteria – Simple & gram staining.9. Estimation of reducing sugars by Benedit’s method.10. Preparation of starch from potato and determination of its purity.11. Separation of amino acids by paper chromotagraphy.12. Agarose gel electrophoresis – Paper electrophoresis.

DETAILED SYLLABUS

FOR

DISTANCE EDUCATION


MASTER OF ZOOLOGY

FOURTH SEMESTER





ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY ANDEMBRYOLOGY MSCZ/S/410 40 60 NA NA 100

ANIMAL FORMS –ECOBIOLOGY & ANIMALBEHAVIOUR MSCZ/S/420 40 60 NA NA 100

PRACTICALS – II MSCZ/S/430 NA NA 40 60 100


ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY

UNIT – IConcept of balanced diet – role of enzymes in the digestion and absorption – Physical and chemical aspects

of bioluminescence – Functional significance of bioluminescence. Movements – critical review of amoeboid,flagellar, ciliary movements in animal in the light of recent researches.

UNIT – IIRespiration – Types of respiration mechanisms – factors affecting respiration – structures, properties and

composition and function in O2 and CO2 transport in animals.Circulation – Types of Hearts, ECG, Cardiac rhythm – control of heart beat. Factors controlling coagulation ofblood. Excretion – nature and mode of formation of excretory products – Excretory mechanisms in vertibrates andinvertibrates.

UNIT – IIINervous integration – Types of neurons – Transmission of impules – autonomous nervous system – origin

and function, Reflex actions. Chemical coordination – Neurosecretion and its importance in physiology. Hormonesof vertebrates and their specific role in chemical coordination. Muscle physiology – Molecular structure –

chemical composition of muscles – Regulation and energetics of contraction. Sensory Physiology – Classificationof receptors in vertibrates and invertibrates.

UNIT – IVGer, cells origin, structure and differentiation ultra structural organization of the egg with reference to egg

membrane, egg eytoplasm, structure of spermatozoan Polarity, symmetry – gradient cortex – activation of egg –interaction and fusion.Cleavage :- Chemodifferentiation – cleavage Patterns – factors determining cleavage patterns. Theories of cleavage.Gastrulotion :- Morphogenetic movements – Nucleocytoplasmic interactions in morphogenesis – formation of germlayers. Fate maps – gastrulation in characters – exogastrulation.

UNIT – VEmbryonic nutrition:- Yolk utilization – amniotic and allontonic fluids. Embroyanic fields. Differentiation

– Nuclear factors – chemical basis gene action development. Mechanism of information transfer, molecular andembryonic development – inductors and organizers – genes and organizers. Regeneration – Experimental data –Regeneration as developmental Phenomena.

Paper –2Paper Code- MSCZ/S/420

ANIMAL FORMS – ECOBIOLOGY & ANIMAL BEHAVIOURUNIT – I

Nature of international code of zoological nomen cloture principles relating to nomenculature , Taxanomickeys, objectives and uses in zoological studies.Adaptation and evolution – coloration of animals. Non adaptive characters. Animal distribution – evolutionarysignificances.

UNIT – IIBiochemical origin of life. Theories and concept of evolution Neotamarkism, Neo-Darwinism –modern

synthetic theory of evolution Natural selection.What is ecosystems – Biological pyramids. Edaphic Nutrient cycle. Evolution of ecosystem.

UNIT – IIIForest resources – cause of deforestation – Demand and supply f wood, forest management – conservation

and protection forestry. Introduction – conventional and non-conventional resources. Biogas programme in India.Solar photo voltic technology.Solar thermal (ST) Programme in India.

UNIT – IVEnvironmental Pollution.

Paper Code- MSCZ/S/430PRACTICALS – II

1. Study of digestive enzymes in cockroach.2. Study of human salivary activity in relation to temperature.3. Study of hemoglobin concentration .4. Study of blood pressure.5. Detection of nitrogenous waste products in fish and, bird etc and mammalian urine.6. Sections of tests and many showing the maturation stages of gametes.7. Slides of mammalian sperm and ovum.8. Slides of cleavage stages in Frog and Chick.9. Slides of developmental stages of chick embryos.10. Slides of blastula and gastrula of frog and chick.11. Slides of developmental stages of brain, heart and eye in chick embryo.12. Measurement of environmental parameters.13. Terrestrial environment using the instruments for measuring environmental parameters – Rain gauge –

maximum and minimum thermo meters – wet and any Hygrometer.14. Adaptation of terrestrial animals based on a study of museum specimens.15. Study of a natural ecosystem such as scrub jungle, forest and pond.

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DETAILED SYLLABUS FOR DISTANCE EDUCATION POST GRADUATE PROGRAM · detailed syllabus for distance education post graduate program master of zoology first ... total marks : 700 course