Detailed Project Report Phase-2

AHMEDABAD Janmarg

BUS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM PLAN PHASE II

Volume-II: Detailed Project Report

PROJECT DPR SUBMITTED TO: MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

April 2008

An Initiative of

AHMEDABAD MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

Project Development Technical Team CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGY

Ahmedabad In Association with

Lea Associates South Asia Pvt Ltd, New Delhi Technical Advisors

Institute for Transportation & Development Policy, New York

Bus Rapid Transit System, Ahmedabad Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation

AUDA & Government of Gujarat iii CEPT University

Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................ 1-2 1.3 BASE PLAN AND PROGRAMMING................................................................................... 1-2 1.4 DATA BASE ................................................................................................................. 1-3 1.5 STUDY AREA DELINEATION AND ZONING ....................................................................... 1-3 1.6 CITY CONSULTATIONS.................................................................................................. 1-5 1.7 VISITS ......................................................................................................................... 1-7 1.8 REPORTS .................................................................................................................... 1-7

2. THE CITY AND ITS GROWTH .............................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 2-1 2.2 THE CITY..................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 LOCATION AND CLIMATE............................................................................................... 2-1 2.4 DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS ............................................................................................... 2-2

2.4.1 Spatial Patterns of Population Growth ......................................................... 2-3 2.4.2 Population Density ....................................................................................... 2-5

2.5 URBAN ECONOMY........................................................................................................ 2-6 2.6 LAND USE ................................................................................................................... 2-7

2.6.1 Land-use in AUDA area ............................................................................... 2-8 2.6.2 Land Use in AMC area ................................................................................. 2-9 2.6.3 Future Development Area .......................................................................... 2-10

2.7 TRAFFIC GENERATING ACTIVITIES .............................................................................. 2-12 2.8 EMPLOYMENT DISTRIBUTION ...................................................................................... 2-13 2.9 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................. 2-13

3. EXISTING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM - VEHICLES, FACILITIES & PERFORMANCE 3-1 3.1 SYSTEM COMPONENTS ................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2 VEHICLES.................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.3 FACILITIES................................................................................................................... 3-3

3.3.1 Road Network............................................................................................... 3-3 3.3.2 Bridges and Flyovers.................................................................................... 3-5

3.4 PUBLIC TRANSPORT..................................................................................................... 3-6 3.5 REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM-GSRTC: ........................................................... 3-7 3.6 RAILWAYS: .................................................................................................................. 3-8 3.7 INTERMEDIATE PUBLIC TRANSPORT MODES .................................................................. 3-9

3.7.1 Private Bus Operation (Inter-city) ................................................................. 3-9 3.8 SYSTEM OPERATIONS AND PERFORMANCE ................................................................... 3-9

3.8.1 Traffic Volume .............................................................................................. 3-9 3.8.2 Network Speeds ......................................................................................... 3-10 3.8.3 Accidents .................................................................................................... 3-11 3.8.4 Effects on Air Quality.................................................................................. 3-13

4. TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS.............................................................................................. 4-1 4.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 4-1


AUDA & Government of Gujarat iv CEPT University

4.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS........................................................................... 4-1 4.2.1 Age wise distribution of population............................................................... 4-1 4.2.2 Activity Status ............................................................................................... 4-1 4.2.3 Income Distribution....................................................................................... 4-2 4.2.4 Vehicle Ownership ....................................................................................... 4-3

4.3 TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS .......................................................................................... 4-5 4.3.1 Trip Rate....................................................................................................... 4-5 4.3.2 Trip Purpose................................................................................................. 4-5 4.3.3 Mode Choice ................................................................................................ 4-5 4.3.4 Women and Travel Trips .............................................................................. 4-6 4.3.5 Monthly Expenditure on Travel..................................................................... 4-7

4.4 SPATIAL PATTERN OF PASSENGER MOVEMENT ............................................................. 4-7 4.5 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... 4-9

5. MOBILITY PLAN - INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS TO ACCESSIBILITY AND MOBILITY NEEDS OF AN EMERGING MEGA CITY ............................................................................. 5-1 5.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................. 5-1 5.2 POPULATION, EMPLOYMENT AND TRAVEL DEMAND FORECAST....................................... 5-2 5.3 VISION AND STRATEGIES.............................................................................................. 5-3

5.3.1 Vision............................................................................................................ 5-3 5.3.2 Strategies ..................................................................................................... 5-3

5.4 ACTION PLANS............................................................................................................. 5-4 5.4.1 Structuring Urban Landuse and Transportation Network............................. 5-5 5.4.2 Integrated Public Transit Plan .................................................................... 5-17 5.4.3 Minimizing intrusion of Regional Traffic ..................................................... 5-22 5.4.4 Air Quality Action Plan................................................................................ 5-24 5.4.5 Inner city Transit Development Plan .......................................................... 5-25 5.4.6 Pedestrian and NMV Facilities: .................................................................. 5-27 5.4.7 Road safety and Traffic Management Initiatives ........................................ 5-30 5.4.8 Parking Policy............................................................................................. 5-32 5.4.9 Supplementary Measures .......................................................................... 5-33

6. BRTS PLAN NETWORK .................................................................................................... 6-1 6.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................. 6-1 6.2 PROGRESS IN PHASE 1................................................................................................. 6-1

6.2.1 RTO to Pirana............................................................................................... 6-1 6.2.2 Narol to Naroda ............................................................................................ 6-2 6.2.3 Pirana to Maninagar and Narol .................................................................... 6-2 6.2.4 Bhavsar hostel to Prem Darwaza................................................................. 6-2 6.2.5 Shah Alam to Soni chali ............................................................................... 6-2 6.2.6 Bus depot and workshop.............................................................................. 6-3 6.2.7 Bus terminal.................................................................................................. 6-3 6.2.8 Bus operators ............................................................................................... 6-3

6.3 NETWORK/ CORRIDOR SELECTION................................................................................. 6-3 6.3.1 Methodology................................................................................................. 6-3 6.3.2 Corridor Description ..................................................................................... 6-5


AUDA & Government of Gujarat v CEPT University

6.4 LAND OWNERSHIP OF CORRIDORS............................................................................... 6-12 6.5 LAND USE RESTRUCTURING........................................................................................ 6-13

6.5.1 Existing scenario ........................................................................................ 6-13 7. DEMAND ASSESSMENT AND OPERATIONS PLAN ......................................................... 7-1

7.1 APPROACH .................................................................................................................. 7-1 7.1.1 Surveys......................................................................................................... 7-2

7.2 SERVICES AND ROUTES ............................................................................................... 7-3 7.3 DEMAND ESTIMATION AND OPERATION PLAN ................................................................ 7-6 7.4 VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY................................................................................................. 7-9 7.5 ITS APPLICATIONS..................................................................................................... 7-11

7.5.1 Operations Control ..................................................................................... 7-12 7.5.2 Location of buses and control .................................................................... 7-12 7.5.3 Passenger information system................................................................... 7-13 7.5.4 Ticketing system......................................................................................... 7-13 7.5.5 Area Traffic management........................................................................... 7-13

8. INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE AND BUSINESS MODEL .................................................. 8-1 8.1 INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE.......................................................................................... 8-1

8.1.1 Institutional Structure.................................................................................... 8-1 8.1.2 Functions ...................................................................................................... 8-2 8.1.3 SPV Management ........................................................................................ 8-3

8.2 BUSINESS MODEL........................................................................................................ 8-5 8.3 FARE POLICY ............................................................................................................... 8-8

8.3.1 Factors Determining Fare policy .................................................................. 8-8 8.3.2 Fare collection .............................................................................................. 8-9 8.3.3 Existing fare structure................................................................................. 8-12 8.3.4 Proposed fare collection system ................................................................ 8-14

9. BRTS PLAN ROADWAY AND INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN.......................................... 9-1 9.1 OVERVIEW................................................................................................................... 9-1 9.2 DESIGN EVOLUTION...................................................................................................... 9-1

9.2.1 Position of bus stops .................................................................................... 9-1 9.2.2 Provision of overtaking lanes ....................................................................... 9-2 9.2.3 Location of bus stops ................................................................................... 9-2 9.2.4 BRT system.................................................................................................. 9-2

9.3 GEOMETRIC DESIGN..................................................................................................... 9-2 9.4 CROSS SECTIONS ........................................................................................................ 9-4

9.4.1 Design philosophy ........................................................................................ 9-5 9.4.2 60m ROW..................................................................................................... 9-5 9.4.3 40m ROW..................................................................................................... 9-6 9.4.4 36 m RoW..................................................................................................... 9-6 9.4.5 30m RoW...................................................................................................... 9-7 9.4.6 24m RoW...................................................................................................... 9-7

9.5 OVERTAKING LANES..................................................................................................... 9-8 9.5.1 Need for overtaking lanes ............................................................................ 9-8 9.5.2 Basic design principles................................................................................. 9-9


AUDA & Government of Gujarat vi CEPT University

9.6 INTERSECTION TREATMENT .......................................................................................... 9-9 9.6.1 Grade separated structures........................................................................ 9-10

9.7 ELEVATED BUSWAY ................................................................................................... 9-12 9.7.1 Background ................................................................................................ 9-12 9.7.2 Need for elevated corridor.......................................................................... 9-13 9.7.3 Options explored ........................................................................................ 9-15 9.7.4 Planning approach ..................................................................................... 9-17 9.7.5 The proposal............................................................................................... 9-17 9.7.6 Structural system........................................................................................ 9-18

9.8 BUS STOPS ............................................................................................................... 9-19 9.8.1 Location of bus stops ................................................................................. 9-19 9.8.2 Bus stop design.......................................................................................... 9-20 9.8.3 Bus stop access ......................................................................................... 9-24 9.8.4 Bus facilities and interface with commuters ............................................... 9-24

9.9 PARKING PROVISION .................................................................................................. 9-33 9.10 CYCLE TRACKS/ PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES/ INFORMAL SECTOR........................................ 9-33

9.10.1 Need for facilities........................................................................................ 9-33 9.10.2 Design principles ........................................................................................ 9-33

9.11 LANDSCAPING............................................................................................................ 9-34 9.11.1 Background ................................................................................................ 9-34 9.11.2 Design considerations ................................................................................ 9-35

9.12 BRANDING................................................................................................................. 9-36 10. BRTS PLAN PAVEMENT DESIGN.................................................................................. 10-1

10.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 10-1 10.2 PAVEMENT DESIGN.................................................................................................... 10-1

10.2.1 Methodology............................................................................................... 10-1 10.2.2 Road inventory survey................................................................................ 10-3 10.2.3 Pavement composition survey and sub-grade investigation...................... 10-4 10.2.4 Existing Pavement strength survey (Benkelman Beam Deflection Surveys)10-4 10.2.5 Data analysis .............................................................................................. 10-5 10.2.6 Design standards ....................................................................................... 10-6 10.2.7 Construction materials................................................................................ 10-6 10.2.8 Design approach and criteria ..................................................................... 10-8

10.3 STORM WATER DRAINAGE......................................................................................... 10-13 10.4 UTILITIES................................................................................................................. 10-15

10.4.1 Background and lessons .......................................................................... 10-15 10.4.2 Evolving alternate cross-sections............................................................. 10-16 10.4.3 Precautions for contractors ...................................................................... 10-20

11. PROJECT SCOPE, COST AND PHASING......................................................................... 11-1 11.1 PROJECT SCOPE ....................................................................................................... 11-1 11.2 PROJECT PHASING .................................................................................................... 11-1

12. PROJECT ASSESSMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY ................................... 12-1 12.1 ECONOMIC EVALUATION............................................................................................. 12-1


AUDA & Government of Gujarat vii CEPT University

12.2 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT ............................................................... 12-2 12.3 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY ...................................................................................... 12-4

12.3.1 Construction sequence............................................................................... 12-4 12.3.2 Work zone Safety ....................................................................................... 12-6 12.3.3 Traffic Management ................................................................................... 12-6


AUDA & Government of Gujarat viii CEPT University

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1-1: Database ............................................................................................................................ 1-3 Table 1-2: Study Area Zone System ................................................................................................... 1-4 Table 2-1: Population Growth Greater Ahmedabad........................................................................ 2-4 Table 2-2: Existing and Proposed Land use of AMC area .................................................................. 2-9 Table 2-3: Existing and Proposed Land use of AUC area (Excluding AMC) .................................... 2-10 Table 3-1: Total motor vehicle growth and growth of two/three wheelers and AMTS buses in

Ahmedabad (1961-2007) .................................................................................................. 3-2 Table 3-2: Types of Roads in AMC ..................................................................................................... 3-3 Table 3-3: Road widths of Major Roads .............................................................................................. 3-5 Table 3-4: Level of Operations of AMTS (1948-2007) ........................................................................ 3-7 Table 3-5: GSRTC Operation from the City ........................................................................................ 3-7 Table 3-6: Traffic Volume at different locations................................................................................... 3-9 Table 3-7: Speeds on Major Roads................................................................................................... 3-10 Table 3-8: Population, Vehicles and Accidents in Ahmedabad City ................................................. 3-11 Table 4-1: Distribution of Persons by Activity Status .......................................................................... 4-1 Table 4-2: Distribution of Households by Income Group .................................................................... 4-2 Table 4-3: Travel Characteristics ........................................................................................................ 4-5 Table 5-1: Population and Employment Forecast ............................................................................... 5-2 Table 5-2: Summary of Travel Demand Forecast ............................................................................... 5-2 Table 5-3: Changodar Area Development Plan: Landuse Proposal ................................................... 5-8 Table 5-4: Existing Landuse in GUDA-Gandhinagar Notified Area(GNA), 1999 ................................ 5-9 Table 5-5: Existing and Proposed Land use of AMC area ................................................................ 5-12 Table 5-6: Existing and Proposed Land use of AUC area (New AMC)............................................. 5-12 Table 5-7: Existing Bridges across River Sabarmati ......................................................................... 5-14 Table 5-8: Existing and Proposed ROB/Underpasses ...................................................................... 5-14 Table 5-8: Proposed Flyover Locations............................................................................................. 5-16 Table 5-9: Proposed Metro Corridors................................................................................................ 5-17 Table 5-10: Proposed Sub-urban rail network .................................................................................. 5-18 Table 5-11: Passenger demand ........................................................................................................ 5-21 Table 5-12: Bus Operating Characteristics and Fleet Requirements................................................ 5-22 Table 5-13: Air Quality in Ahmedabad .............................................................................................. 5-24 Table 5-14: Accidents and Fatalities (2005-2007) ............................................................................ 5-30 Table 6-1: Corridors analysed in Phase 1 ........................................................................................... 6-5 Table 6-2: Corridors selected in Phase 2 ............................................................................................ 6-6 Table 6-3: Corridor 1 Details ............................................................................................................... 6-6 Table 6-4: Corridor 2 details ................................................................................................................ 6-8 Table 6-5: Corridor 3 details ................................................................................................................ 6-9 Table 6-6: Corridor 4 details .............................................................................................................. 6-10 Table 6-7: Corridor 5 details .............................................................................................................. 6-11 Table 6-8: Corridor 6 details .............................................................................................................. 6-12 Table 7-1: AMTS 2008 ..................................................................................................................... 7-1 Table 7-2: Route Descriptions with Length ......................................................................................... 7-5 Table 7-3: Transit Choice Existing Users ......................................................................................... 7-6


AUDA & Government of Gujarat ix CEPT University

Table 7-4 a: BRTS Routes, Boarding, Frequency and Fleet............................................................... 7-7 Table 7-5 b: BRTS Routes, Boarding, Frequency and Fleet............................................................... 7-7 Table 7-6: ITS Elements.................................................................................................................... 7-13 Table 9-1: Geometric Design Standards ............................................................................................. 9-3 Table 10-1: Summary of Inventory of corridors................................................................................. 10-3 Table 11-1: Project Scope and Base Costs ...................................................................................... 11-1 Table 11-2: Project Funding Pattern ................................................................................................. 11-2


AUDA & Government of Gujarat x CEPT University

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2-1: Land Use of AUDA area (1997) ........................................................................................ 2-8 Figure 2-2: Existing land use of AMC area (1997) .............................................................................. 2-9 Figure 2-3: Proposed Land Use of AMC area(2011) .......................................................................... 2-9 Figure 3-1: Showing the Composition of Vehicles in Ahmedabad-2007............................................ 3-1 Figure 3-2: Vehicles per 1000 Population in Major Cities, 1990 and 2002 ........................................ 3-2 Figure 3-3: Responsible and Affected modes for Fatalities ............................................................. 3-13 Figure 4-1: House Hold Distribution in Selected Cities ....................................................................... 4-2 Figure 4-2: Vehicle Ownership Distribution ......................................................................................... 4-3 Figure 4-3: Mode Choice of Female Trips........................................................................................... 4-6 Figure 4-4: Age and Mode Choice ...................................................................................................... 4-6 Figure 4-5: Trip Length Distribution of Female Trips........................................................................... 4-7 Figure 4-6: Vehicle Ownership and Monthly Expenditure on Travel................................................... 4-7 Figure 4-7: Desire line Diagram - 2000 (Total Zone-Zone Movement in excess of 300 Trips)........... 4-8 Figure 4-8: Desire line Diagram - 2003 ............................................................................................... 4-8 Figure 5-1: RSPM levels.................................................................................................................... 5-24 Figure 5-2: Interventions in para-transit ............................................................................................ 5-24 Figure 5-3: Proposed Pedestrian pathways and Cycle tracks on all BRTS corridors ....................... 5-29 Figure 7-1: Sample AMTS Survey Data Entry..................................................................................... 7-3 Figure 7-0: Operations Plan Phase 1 and 2 ........................................................................................ 7-4 Figure 8-1: SPV Management............................................................................................................. 8-4 Figure 9-1: BRT Phase 1 corridor under implementation Nehrunagar to Shivranjani ..................... 9-1 Figure 9-2: Typical Cross section for 60 m cross section ................................................................... 9-6 Figure 9-3: Typical 40 m RoW cross section....................................................................................... 9-6 Figure 9-4: Typical 36 m RoW cross section....................................................................................... 9-7 Figure 9-5: Typical 30 m RoW cross section....................................................................................... 9-7 Figure 9-6: Typical 24 m RoW cross section....................................................................................... 9-8 Figure 9-7: Provision of overtaking lanes in a typical 40 m cross section.......................................... 9-9 Figure 9-8: Typical 40 m Junction design.......................................................................................... 9-10 Figure 9-9: Proposed 2-Lane RoB adjacent to Chimanbhai Patel RoB ............................................ 9-11 Figure 9-10: Present situation on Kalupur bridge.............................................................................. 9-15 Figure 9-11: Option for elevated mixed traffic and bus at grade....................................................... 9-16 Figure 9-12: Option for elevated bus way and connection to railway station.................................... 9-16 Figure 9-13: Option for elevated bus way with portal structure on narrow RoW............................... 9-16 Figure 9-14: Typical median bus stop design.................................................................................... 9-20 Figure 9-15: Earlier Options .............................................................................................................. 9-23 Figure 9-16: Final Bus Stop Design .................................................................................................. 9-23 Figure 9-17: Access to Bus stations from the junction ...................................................................... 9-24 Figure 9-18: Inter-relation of Activities in a Terminal Design ............................................................ 9-29 Figure 9-19: Proposed terminal design at Kankaria.......................................................................... 9-30 Figure 9-20: Proposed terminal design at Ranip............................................................................... 9-31 Figure 9-21: Inter-relation of Activities in a Depot and Workshop Design ........................................ 9-32 Figure 9-22: Proposed activity areas................................................................................................. 9-34


AUDA & Government of Gujarat xi CEPT University

Figure 9-23: Design considerations to prevent tree cutting at Nehrunagar- Shivranjani stretch, BRT Phase 1 ........................................................................................................................... 9-35

Figure 9-24: The impact of landscaping on the streetscape ............................................................. 9-36 Figure 10-1: Typical cross section for Pedestrian pathway............................................................. 10-11 Figure 10-2: Typical cross section with pavement composition for 40m RoW................................ 10-12 Figure 10-3: Typical cross section with pavement composition for 60m RoW............................... 10-13 Figure 10-4: Yearly Fluctuation in Rainfall ...................................................................................... 10-13 Figure 10-5: Typical details of Combination inlet for storm water drain .......................................... 10-15 Figure 10-6: Utility duct proposals................................................................................................... 10-16 Figure 10-7: Proposed organisation of utility lines .......................................................................... 10-17 Figure 10-8: Proposed pavement construction with utility- Case 1................................................. 10-18 Figure 10-9: Proposed pavement construction with utility- Case 2................................................. 10-19 Figure 10-10: Proposed pavement construction with utility- Case 3............................................... 10-20


AUDA & Government of Gujarat xii CEPT University

LIST OF MAPS

Map 1-1: Zoning Map .......................................................................................................................... 1-4 Map 2-1: Greater Ahmedabad............................................................................................................. 2-3 Map 2-2: Ahmedabad Growth pattern ................................................................................................. 2-4 Map 2-3: Population Density ............................................................................................................... 2-5 Map 2-4: Proposed SEZs in Gujarat................................................................................................... 2-7 Map 2-5: AUDA Land-use map ........................................................................................................... 2-8 Map 2-6: AUDA Proposed Land Use 2011 Plan ............................................................................... 2-11 Map 2-7: Maps showing Various Activities........................................................................................ 2-13 Map 2-8: Job Distribution in Study area ............................................................................................ 2-14 Map 3-1: AUDA DP Proposed Road Network..................................................................................... 3-4 Map 3-2: Existing and Proposed River bridges................................................................................... 3-5 Map 3-3: GSRTC routes in the city ..................................................................................................... 3-8 Map 3-4: Showing Railway Network.................................................................................................... 3-8 Map 3-5: Fatal Accident Spots in Ahmedabad.................................................................................. 3-12 Map 4-1: Income group wise Distribution of Population...................................................................... 4-3 Map 4-2: Spatial Distribution of Households by type of vehicle ownership......................................... 4-4 Map 5-1: Population Distribution by TAZs 2011 & 2035 Preferred Scenario................................... 5-5 Map 5-2: Jobs Distribution by TAZs 2011 & 2035 Preferred Scenario ............................................ 5-5 Map 5-3: Proposed Regional Plan ...................................................................................................... 5-7 Map 5-4: Changodar Area Development Plan .................................................................................... 5-8 Map 5-5: GUDA Development Plan .................................................................................................... 5-9 Map 5-6: Proposed Plan for GIFT ..................................................................................................... 5-10 Map 5-7: Proposed Landuse Plan-2011............................................................................................ 5-11 Map 5-8: Closed Textile Mill Land around Central area.................................................................... 5-11 Map 5-9: Proposed DP road network ................................................................................................ 5-13 Map 5-10: Existing and Proposed RoB and RuB .............................................................................. 5-15 Map 5-11: Under construction and Proposed Flyovers..................................................................... 5-16 Map 5-12: City Growth Directions ..................................................................................................... 5-17 Map 5-13: Proposed Metro Corridor.................................................................................................. 5-18 Map 5-14: Proposed Regional Rail Corridor ..................................................................................... 5-19 Map 5-15: Travel demand pattern ..................................................................................................... 5-20 Map 5-16: Proposed BRTS Corridor ................................................................................................. 5-21 Map 5-17: Proposed Goods Terminals and Volume of Traffic .......................................................... 5-23 Map 5-18: Proposed Regional Bus Terminals................................................................................... 5-23 Map 5-19: The Inner city of Ahmedabad and its Landuse ................................................................ 5-25 Map 5-20: Proposed Pedestrianisation plan for Bhadra Square....................................................... 5-28 Map 5-21: Population density and Origin & Destination of Bicyclists................................................ 5-28 Map 5-22: Proposed Kankaria Redevelopment Plan ........................................................................ 5-29 Map 5-23: Fatal Accidents (2004 2006) ......................................................................................... 5-30 Map 5-24: BRT corridors and Proposed Area Traffic Control system along with junction improvements

at 38 Locations ................................................................................................................ 5-31 Map 6-1: BRTS Phasing of corridors................................................................................................... 6-4 Map 6-2: Corridor 1: RTO to Chandkheda ......................................................................................... 6-7


AUDA & Government of Gujarat xiii CEPT University

Map 6-3 Corridor 2: AEC Junction to S.G.Highway (Sola).................................................................. 6-8 Map 6-4 Corridor 3: Shivranjani-Iskon-Bopal ...................................................................................... 6-9 Map 6-5 Corridor 4: Nehrunagar - Gulbai Tekra CG Road Law Garden - Gujarat college Ellis

Bridge Geeta Mandir. ................................................................................................... 6-10 Map 6-6 Corridor 5: Soni ni chawl - Odhav ...................................................................................... 6-11 Map 6-7 Corridor 6: Soni ni chawl Odhav ..................................................................................... 6-12 Map 7-1: BRT Routes and Frequency................................................................................................. 7-8 Map 9-1: Provision of Overtaking lanes on inner radials..................................................................... 9-9 Map 9-2: Proposed Grade separated structures............................................................................... 9-11 Map 9-3: Existing road network at Kalupur railway station ............................................................... 9-12 Map 9-4: Existing RoW near railway station...................................................................................... 9-13 Map 9-5: Bus movement on Kalupur road......................................................................................... 9-14 Map 9-6: Proposed Plan for Elevated bus lanes............................................................................... 9-18 Map 9-7: Proposed Interchange Locations ....................................................................................... 9-27 Map 9-8: Proposed Depots and Workshops ..................................................................................... 9-31 Map 9-9: Proposed Depot and Workshop Design at Chandola ....................................................... 9-32


AUDA & Government of Gujarat xiv CEPT University

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AMC Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation AMTS Ahmedabad Municipal Transport Service AUDA Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority Avg Average B.G. Broad Gauge BRTS Bus Rapid Transit Service C/c Center-center CEPT Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology University C.G. Road Chimanlal Girdhardas Road Cm centimetre CNG Compressed Natural Gas CS Cross Section EWS Economically Weaker Sections d Day DMRC Delhi Metro Rail Corporation DP Development Plan FSI Floor Space Index GIDB Gujarat Infrastructure Development Board GNA Gandhinagar Notified Authority GPS Global Positioning System GSRTC Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation ha Hectare HIG High Income Group HT High Tension IIM Indian Institute of Management IPTS Integrated Public Transit System IRC Indian Roads Congress ISRO Indian Space Research Institute ITS Intelligent Transportation Systems km Kilo meter kmph Kilometre per hour LB Louis Berger Associates LCV Light Commercial Vehicles LIG Low Income Group LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas LT Low Tension m meter MAV Multi Axle Vehicles M.G. Meter Gauge MIG Middle Income Group Min minimum MoRTH Ministry of Road Transport and Highways NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NH National Highway NHAI National Highway Authority of India O-D Origin-Destination


AUDA & Government of Gujarat xv CEPT University

Pass. Passengers PCU Passenger Car Unit PPHPD Passenger Peak Hour per Direction RITES Rail India Techno Economic Services RoW Right of Way ROB Rail Over Bridge RSPM Respiratory Suspended Particulate Matter RTO Regional Transport Office SAC Space Application Centre Sec Second S.G. Sarkhej Gandhinagar SPM Suspended Particulate Matter S.T. State Transport sq. Square TAZ Traffic Area Zones T-W Two Wheelers UA Urban Agglomeration UDPFI Urban Development Plans Formulation and Implementation WHO World Health Organization Yr. Year 2W 2 wheelers


AUDA & Government of Gujarat CEPT University

1.1 Background 1.2 Objectives 1.3 Base Plan and Programming 1.4 Data Base 1.5 Study Area Delineation and Zoning 1.6 City Consultations 1.7 Visits 1.8 Reports C

hap

ter

1: In

trod

uct

ion


AMC & Government of Gujarat 1-1 CEPT University

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background

The commercial capital of Gujarat, Ahmedabad, is one of the emerging urban centres of India. With a population of 4.5 million within the municipal area and 5.5 million in the Greater Ahmedabad Urban Agglomeration (GAUA), this city is preparing for future challenges, more importantly in terms of sustaining its contributions to the growth of Gujarat State. This city accounts for:

25% of the States urban population; 20% of the States GDP; 14% of the total investments in all stock

exchanges in India; 60% of the total productivity of the state1

and 22 % of factories in the state employing

18% of workers The city also has one of the largest

informal sector economies.

Being the erstwhile capital of Gujarat, the present commercial capital, proximity to Gandhinagar, the general environment of safety and the entrepreneurial people of Ahmedabad contribute to citys attractiveness. Ahmedabad has a strong industrial base of traditional manufacturing, especially textiles, chemicals, plastics, machinery and basic metals and alloys. Ahmedabad, located on the proposed Delhi-Mumbai industrial corridor continues to be attractive destination for investments. In the region, several SEZs are proposed. Given these trends the city will experience rapid growth in population and travel demand. Anticipating the likely growth in travel demand, rate of motorization and its likely impact on functioning of the city, its

1 Reena Lazar, Increasing Resources to Local Government in Ahmedabad, India. Local Strategies for Accelerating Sustainability: Case Studies of Local Government Success. ICLEI Study, Canada, May 2002

AHMEDABAD FACT SHEET

Population (2001)

- Greater Amedabad 5.5 Million

- Ahmedabad M.C 4.5 Million

Area M.C 466 Sq.Km

Lat-Lon 0022o550023o 08 N:0072o300072o 42 E.

Constituent Bodies of Greater Ahmedabad

AMC, AUDA, GUDA

Growth Rate 1991-2001 2 %

Density Persons/ Ha

GAUA 20

Old AMC Limit 180

New AMC Limit 77

Weather

Min 15.4 oTemperature

Max 43.1 o

Rainfall 782 mm

Humidity 80 %

Condition Semi Arid



environment, the City and State Governments have made several initiatives to build state of the art infrastructure that will enhance citys economic development prospectus and ensure high standards of quality of life. Given the criticality, along with water and sanitation, the efforts to augment transport infrastructure have received major attention.

1.2 Objectives

The objective of this report is to summarise the efforts by the local and state governments towards improvement of landuse-transport situation in the city of Ahmedabad and propose initiatives needed to be taken on priority for implementation.

More specifically:

To present Ahmedabads landuse-transport context

To summaries various initiatives taken up in the past, review progress of implementation

To identify and present improvements/additions (BRT Plan) in the form of a detailed project report for implementation during the next 4 years

The efforts are in line with National Urban Transport Policy.

1.3 Base Plan and Programming

Following reports/plans have contributed largely to the structuring of the landuse-transport system in the city of Ahmedabad. These form the basis for this report.

1) Development Plan: A statutory plan (2002)

2) Ahmedabad City Development Plan: Prepared as part of JnNURM (2006)

3) Feasibility Study on IPTS for Ahmedabad Interim Report (2001)

4) IPTS (Integrated Public Transit) Alternatives: Overall integrated landuse-transit development framework for the city (2002)

5) Ahmedabad Bus Rapid Transit System Plan: Detailed project report sanctioned under JnNURM (2006)

6) Ahmedabad Metro and Regional Rail System study (2005)

7) Development of Logistic Hub in Ahmedabad (2007)

Report draws from the past studies, reports, academic work in the relevant areas by CEPT University, the Institute for Transport Development & Policy (ITDP), GTZ, the World Bank, Transport Research Board, Transport Research Laboratory, FTA, CUTR, Florida etc.



1.4 Data Base

Specific surveys have also been carried out for deciding on various aspects of BRT planning.

Table 1-1: Database

Sr. No. Details 1 Classified volume counts / Screen Line

2 Cordon Line Surveys

3 Origin-Destination Surveys LB-12000 Households (2000) (Greater Ahmedabad) RITES 5000 Households (2005) (Greater Ahmedabad) CEPT 5000 Households (2006) (Ahmedabad City) CEPT 1000 Users Response Survey/Willingness To Shift & Pay (2007)

4 Public Transit Surveys 2007 Route Surveys Volume Counts Bus & IPTS Occupancy Survey Bus Passenger O-D Survey User Non-user Preferences

5 Parking Survey 6 Speed and Delay /Travel Time Surveys 7 Topographic Surveys 8 Land value Study 9 Soil and pavement condition surveys

1.5 Study Area Delineation and Zoning

Based on the study carried out by LB associates, the study area has been delineated. Total area of approximately 3000 sq. kms., was initially divided in to major sub-regions such as Walled City, AMC east, AMC west, New AMC, AUDA, GUDA and other villages. These sub-regions have been further divided into 427 traffic analysis zones (TAZ) based on the ward boundaries, census zones, village boundaries, district boundaries of the study area including major highways, railway lines, natural watercourses, land use and population density. For the purpose of better consistency and detailed analysis smaller zone sizes have been considered as detailed below. A further subdivision to take into account the bus stops was also done keeping these as basis.



Source: GIDB/LB (2000) Socio-Economic & Land use Studies

Map 1-1: Zoning Map

The details of the Zone System has been presented in Table 1-2 below

Table 1-2: Study Area Zone System

Sub Area TAZS Walled City 1-34 AMC (Outside Walled City) 35-196 Peripheral Area West (contiguous) 197,270,277-78, 287-89, 291-97, 299- 316, 320-22 Peripheral Area East (contiguous) 199-204,223 - 24, 226-230,234, 237-41,243, 256-57,262, 270-71, 273 Gandhinagar GNA 341-344



Sub Area TAZS Rest of Gandhinagar 339,340,345 -347,349-55 360-61,363, 408-416 Kalol (M) / Saiz (VP) 329-331-332 Mehmedabad 250,251 Dehg7am 211,212 Sanand 283-286

Rest of AUDA (Rural) 198,205-10, 213-222, 225, 231-33,235, 236, 242, 244-249, 252-255, 258-261, 263-269, 272, 274- 276,279-282, 290, 298, 317-319, 323-328,330, 333-338,373

Remainder of IPTS Study Area 348,356-59, 362,364-372, 374-407, 417-427 External Zones 427-439

1.6 City Consultations

The Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, AUDA and GOG organized a series of broad-based consultations as part of preparation of statutory Development Plan, City Development Plan, Integrated Public Transit System Plan and BRT Plan.

First set of workshops were held during January 20 - 25, 2000. The second series of consultations took place between May 02 to February 03. The primary objective was to assess possible environmental and social consequences of projects and evolve a management framework.

Second set of consultations specifically to discuss BRTS Plan began with the stakeholder workshop on August 25, 2005. The outcome was in the form of decision on phase-I corridors and approval for concept design. This was followed by a workshop to discuss bus technology on October 28, 2005. A series of meetings with the academic institutions, existing bus operators were also held in 2006. Large number of presentations and exhibitions were done in all the public events held during the period. Two news letters have been brought out. Both the print and tele media have been supportive of the plan and have carried several articles and discussions on the plan.



The political wing of AMC has participated in the meetings from time to time. Further detailed presentations have been made to brief the plan and progress of implementation.

An international workshop was held in September 2007 by AMC with MOUD support to discuss the plans of all the 11 Indian cities whose BRT plans are underway. The event was attended by officials of the Ministry, state and urban local bodies and several international experts. Detailed technical deliberations were held over 3 days and concluded with specific inputs for each city.

BRTS Workshop Ahmedabad, 24-26th September 2007



1.7 Visits

Lessons from the visits to Bogota, Perriera, London, Beijing, Honghou and Jakarta by the officials and members of the study team provided important lessons for defining the Ahmedabad BRT concept. Overall area development focus, overtaking lane, bus station design, trunk and feeder network, fare collection system, operations control and bus operations contracts are of specific aspects of application for the city of Ahmedabad.

Visit to Transmilenio, Bogota

Visit to Beijing BRT

1.8 Reports

This study has been presented in four volumes. The first titled as Summary Report is the executive summary of the plan and the project. This report titled as Detailed Project Report presents various plans and programmes as the comprehensive mobility plan and then the BRTS plan of Ahmedabad. The presentation on BRT plan of Ahmedabad includes the phase-I plan, its implementation progress and the additions and modifications proposed as phase-II plan. The third and the fourth reports are annexure presenting design drawings and tables respectively.



2.1 Introduction 2.2 The City 2.3 Location and Climate 2.4 Demographic Trends 2.5 Urban Economy 2.6 Land Use 2.7 Traffic Generating Activities 2.8 Employment Distribution 2.9 Summary C

hap

ter

2: T

he

Cit

y an

d It

s G

row

th


AUDA & Government of Gujarat 2-1 CEPT University

2. THE CITY AND ITS GROWTH 2.1 Introduction

Demand for transportation is a derived demand. Population characteristics such as size, concentration, income, vehicle distribution, economy in terms of location of employment, education and entertainment activities etc., determine the travel demand. These aspects have been described in this chapter.

2.2 The City

The city of Ahmedabad, founded in 1411 AD as a walled city on the eastern bank of the river Sabarmati, is now the seventh largest metropolis in India and the largest in the state. Ahmedabad is the commercial capital of the state. Known as the textile capital of India, it is also a major industrial and financial city. It lies in the cotton belt of Gujarat, 500 km north of Mumbai and 96 km from the Gulf of Cambay. It has good air, road and rail links with Mumbai and Delhi and also has an international airport.

Historically, Ahmedabad has been one of the most important centres of trade and commerce in western India. The city was once famous as the Manchester of India on account of its textile industry. It had as many as 66 mills employing a workforce of over one hundred thousand persons. It has three major industrial estates within its municipal limits. Thermal power plant in the city is operated by a private company. It is the home of several scientific and educational institutions of national importance. The city has a great architectural tradition reflected in many exquisite monuments, temples and modern buildings.

2.3 Location and Climate

Ahmedabad City lies between 22o 55 and 23o 08 North Latitude and 72o30 and 72o 42 East Longitude. The city is devoid of any major physical features except for the river Sabarmati, which cuts the city into two parts: eastern walled city and western Ahmedabad on either side of its banks.

The Ahmedabad-Mumbai Golden Corridor has long been recognized to be an important development axis in western India. The city acts as a terminal, rather than as an intermediate node in this linear influence. It has seven major roadways, one expressway and five rail networks. A new corridor between Ahmedabad and Pune has recently emerged, connecting the city to four other metropolitan cities of Vadodara, Surat, Mumbai and Pune. All these factors have resulted in the axial growth of the region.

Ahmedabad has a tropical monsoon climate which is hot and dry, except in the rainy season. Summer days are very hot with mean maximum temperature of 41.30C while, nights are pleasant with mean minimum temperature of 26.30C. The mean maximum and minimum



temperature in winter are 300C and 15.40C respectively. The average annual rainfall of the area is 782mm, although there is a considerable variation from year to year. It occurs generally during the months of June to September. The average relative humidity is 60% which ranges from 80% to 90% during rainy season.

2.4 Demographic Trends

The Greater Ahmedabad Urban agglomeration covering an area of about 4200 sq. Km is an amalgam of:

- an area of 190 square kilometres under the jurisdiction of old Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation limit (AMC)2,

- an area of 270 Kms added in the year 2006 and 2007. - Areas under the jurisdiction of Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (AUDA)3, - The State Capital, Gandhinagar and the surrounding villages, - Chatral, Bopal and other surrounding villages adjoining AUDA limits

The area within the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation limits consists of:

- the traditional city centre within the fort walls with relatively high-density development, large concentration of commercial activities and narrow streets,

- the eastern sector accommodating large and small industries and low income residential areas, and

- a well planned western sector with wide roads accommodating major institutions and high-income residential areas

- The outgrowth areas added recently to AMC comprising mainly residential developments of middle and low income households

The population in the AMC limits increased to 45 lakh in 2001 from 33 lakh in 1991. Spatial distribution of this population within the city over the decades shows that up to 1981 most of the new population added to the city was concentrated within the old AMC limits itself, especially in the eastern part. Expansion of the peripheral areas began in the 1980s and has continued. Earlier only the eastern parts, especially the eastern periphery registered faster growth rate, but since the 1980s even the western periphery has grown rapidly.

2 The city is governed by Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC), established in July 1950. It has over 40,000 employees and provides the urban services comprehensively. The services include water supply, roads construction, sanitation, medical services, primary education, Solid Waste Management, city transport, public health centres, etc. The Ahmedabad Municipal Transport Service (AMTS) is the body of AMC. AMTS is expected to perform on self-financing basis. 3 The Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (AUDA) was constituted under the Gujarat Town Planning and Urban Development Act, 1976 in 1978 to regulate and monitor the development in the periphery of the corporation limits and the adjoining villages and municipalities. The major functions of the authority is to undertake the preparation of the development plan, town planning schemes, regulate the development and charge the development charges in the area of its jurisdiction. Similarly, Gandhinagar Urban Development Authority was constituted to look after areas around Gandhinagar.



Source: GIDB/LB (2000), Socio-Economic & Land use Studies

Map 2-1: Greater Ahmedabad

2.4.1 Spatial Patterns of Population Growth

The Greater Ahmedabad area has grown at a moderate rate. Growth rates have declined from 3.2 to 2.2 percent compounded per annum during the past two decades. However, the rates vary across different spatial units. The population within the old AMC limits has approached stabilization level. The newly added areas of AMC have shown rapid growth. Gandhinagar is also experiencing relatively high rate of growth.



Table 2-1: Population Growth Greater Ahmedabad Population in Mill Density Persons/ Ha Growth Rate %

Location 1981 1991 2001 1991 2001 2001 1981-91 1991-01

1. Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) - Old Limit 2.2 2.9 3.5 113 151 184 -2.9 -2

1.a Walled City 0.5 0.4 0.4 716 599 560 -1.8 -0.7 1.b. East AMC 1.1 1.9 2.5 79 134 178 5.4 2.9 1.c West AMC 0.5 0.6 0.7 109 135 159 2.2 1.6 2. Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority + Newly added areas of AMC 2.7 3.8 4.7 11 61 77 3.3 2.3

2.a East AUDA 0.1 0.1 0.2 6 7 11 2.5 4.6 2.b West AUDA 0.2 0.5 0.7 13 28 43 8.4 4.4 2.c AUDA (Rural) 0.2 0.2 0.3 12 14 16 1.6 1.1 3. Kalol 0.1 0.1 0.1 27 31 38 1.7 1.9 4. Mehemdabad 0 0 0 19 22 26 1.6 1.7 5. Dehgam 0 0 0 11 13 16 2.4 2 6. Sanand 0 0 0 6 7 9 1.3 2.4 7. Other areas outside AUDA 0.3 0.3 0.3 8 9 10 1.6 0.8 8. Gandhinagar 0.2 0.3 0.4 5 7 9 3.5 2.9 8.a. Gandhinagar (GNA) 0.1 0.1 0.2 24 47 75 7 4.7 8.b. Rest of Gandhinagar 0.1 0.2 0.2 4 4 5 1.4 1.3 Greater Ahmedabad 3.2 4.3 5.4 12 16 20 3.2 2.2

Note: Figures in parenthesis indicate annual compound growth rate

Map 2-2: Ahmedabad Growth pattern



2.4.2 Population Density

The density pattern presented below indicates the spatial expansion largely limited to contiguous areas around AMC. The walled city is one of the most densely populated areas in the study area, and it has reached levels of saturation. The new outgrowths have been in the western parts of the city in the AUDA jurisdiction with people preferring to stay in the peripheral areas where they could avail of better infrastructure facilities.

From the map below it may be seen that most of the eastern part and few parts in the southwest and northwest have higher densities. Bus routes along these are likely to receive greater patronage.

Derived from GIDB/LB (2000), Socio-Economic & Land use Studies

Map 2-3: Population Density



2.5 Urban Economy

The city contributes to 17 percent of the States income in 1995 and is expected to be around 20% in the current context. Traditionally, Ahmedabad has been an important centre of manufacturing. Almost 40% of the dyestuff factories in India are located in Ahmedabad. Pharma giants like Cadila Pharma, Zydus Cadila and Torrent Pharma and many small pharma companies have flourished in Ahmedabad and the growth trend is expected to continue given the positive outlook of pharma industry in India.

The slowdown in the textile sector since the 80s had its negative impact on Ahmedabads growth. During the period 1981-85, the city lost about 100 thousand jobs in the manufacturing sector. The surplus labour, which was unable to enter the formal market/sector, was mainly absorbed in the informal sector. Informal sector in the city today provides direct employment to 1 lakh people and indirect employment to 3 lakh people. Since then the sector has become significant creating business volume of approximately Rs 4 Crore everyday. Post liberalization the prospectus of the city changed. The city currently is poised for multi-pronged growth and recent business survey placed Ahmedabad as one of the ten top destinations for investment in the country.

Large investments in private ports are likely and as a consequence the state is geared to become the trade gateway for the entire north and central India. This will be a major shift from ports of Maharashtra. Ahmedabad is centrally connected to all ports in Gujarat and is expected to be the main conduit for this trade. The extensive port network is also expected to facilitate the growth of new, high-end manufacturing industries, such as automobile accessories. Several key high-growth industries such as textiles, pharmaceuticals and natural gas are already anchored in Ahmedabad. Also the industrial centres around Ahmedabad, its traditional strength, are witnessing a turnaround, to Ahmedabads advantage.

The traditional image of Ahmedabad with companies hesitant to launching new products has been changing over the years. Ahmedabad is now one of the most preferred destinations for opening retail outlets. An example being, the Tata Groups retail arm, Trent, which launched its Star Bazaar concept with a store in Ahmedabad. A wide range of multiplexes and associated businesses have grown all over the city.

Though not a tourist destination, in reality it is a gateway to large number of attraction in the districts. The city has the distinction of having probably the largest range of architectural monuments, from ancient examples of Hindu, Jain and Islamic architecture to some of the finest examples of the Modern Movement, designed by architects like Le Corbusier and Louis Kahn. The Sabarmati Ashram set up by Mahatma Gandhi is a major tourist attraction.

A major input to the citys growth and to the State as a whole has been the completion of the Narmada canal project. Further completion is expected to boost agricultural production in the areas surrounding Ahmedabad and improve rural incomes, leading to increased



consumption. Ahmedabad is poised to emerge as a key consumption centre and may develop into the most favoured trading zone for farm products, given its capacity to build the right kind of storage and transportation facilities.

To add to these, the recent initiative to develop Delhi-Mumbai Industrial (DMIC), Freight corridor, which passes through the city add necessary boost to the citys growth prospectus. In all, 14 SEZs have received approval for location in the greater Ahmedabad region. Another 4 have received in-principal approval.

Map 2-4: Proposed SEZs in Gujarat

2.6 Land Use

Spatial arrangements of activities determine the travel pattern in the city. The Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority is responsible for land use planning within its jurisdictional limits. As stated above, the area under AUDA may be seen as various subunits depending on the administrative jurisdictional limits and extent of development. This area is the focus in this study.



2.6.1 Land-use in AUDA area

Of the total AUDA area of 1294.65 sq. km, 50 percent is built up area. Water bodies and wastelands cover 12 percent and 17 percent of area respectively. Industries cover 9 percent of the area. As per the State Government Policy, no major industrial development within 24 kms of AMC limit is permitted in AUDA area. Considering existing development conditions, certain area for industrial use is designated for light industry as well as for general industry, along with existing industries at Vatwa, Naroda and Odhav (all lying within AMC), which forms nearly 10.38 percent.

Source: GIDB/LB (2000), Socio-Economic & Land use Studies

Map 2-5: AUDA Land-use map

AUDA Land Use (1997)

Wasteland17%

Built-up50%

Waterbodies12%

Brick kiln / Quarries

4%Industries

9%

Open Land2% Recreation

1%

Transportation Node2%

Public/ Semi Public/ Institutions

3%

Figure 2-1: Land Use of AUDA area (1997)



2.6.2 Land Use in AMC area

As per existing land use (1997), more than one third (36%) of the total area is under residential use, followed by 15 percent of the area under the industries. Large tracts of land (23.44%) are lying vacant, mostly in the newly acquired area of the AMC. Only 9.5 percent of the total area is under transportation network as against the norm of 15-18 per cent. as specified by UDPFI norms.

Existing Land Use: AMC (1997)

Commercial2%

Residential 36%

Industrial15%

Railway land2%

Open / Vacant Land24%

Village Site / Gamtal5%

Waterbodies4%

AMC Plots2%

Roads7%

Education2%

Hospitals 1%

Proposed Land Use: AMC (2011)

Commercial1%

Roads and railways11%

Residential44%

General Indl11%

Spl Indl4%

Waterbodies (including rivers)5%

Special dev. area10%

Education2%

Walled City & Gamtal3%

Agri. /Openspace / 9%

Figure 2-2: Existing land use of AMC area (1997)

Figure 2-3: Proposed Land Use of AMC area(2011)

Table 2-2: Existing and Proposed Land use of AMC area

Existing land use for AMC area (1997) Proposed land use for AMC (2011)

Sr No Use/ Designation Total Area (Ha.) % Of Total

Area Use/ Designation Total Area

(Ha.) % Of Total

Area

1 Residential 6664.44 34.92 Residential 8340.22 43.70

2 Commercial 472.64 2.47 Walled City and Village Sites(Gamtal) 645.56 3.38

3 Industrial 2932.78 15.37 General Industrial 2006.51 10.51

4 Open / Vacant Land 4473.36 23.44 Special Industrial 786.72 4.12

5 Village Site / Gamtal 895.59 4.69 Commercial 263.06 1.38

6 Education 344.19 1.80 Agricultural/ Recreational/ Open Space/ Gardens 1643.60 8.61

7 AMC Plots 467.18 2.45 Education 387.30 2.03

8 Hospitals 98.36 0.52 Area Under Reservations now designated as special development area

1955.37 10.25

9 Burial Ground / Grave Yard 86.54 0.45 Roads and railways 2117.67 11.10

10 Water bodies 850.55 4.46 Water bodies (including rivers) 937.97 4.92

11 Roads 1426.65 7.47

12 Railway land 372.00 1.96

Total 19084.00 100.00 Total Area

19084.00 100.00

Source: Revised Draft Development Plan of AUDA 2011AD Part I ,Vol 2



Table 2-3: Existing and Proposed Land use of AUC area (Excluding AMC) Existing Landuse of AUC Area (Excluding

AMC Area) (1997) Proposed Landuse of AUC Area (Excluding AMC Limit):

( 2011 A.D )

Sr. No. Land Use Total

% Of Developed

Area Sr. No. Particulars Area in Hect.

%age of Developed

Land 1 Residential

include Gamtal 3559 38.99 1 Residential, Roads,

Public and Semi-Public

2 Public &semi public

572 6.27 Type 1 (old residential area)

9938 34.523

3 Commercial 276 3.02 Type 2 (new residential area)

4624.92 16.066

4 Industrial 647 7.09 2 Commercial 1071.92 3.724 5 Railway/

Roads/. Airport 406 4.45 3 Industrial 987.58 3.431

6 Water way and tank

3625 39.72 4 Public Activity Area 552 1.918

7 Garden open space and P.G

41 0.46 5 Public and Semi-Public

243 0.844

6 Recreational 6300 21.885 7 Treatment Plants

(AUDA, AMC) 745.16 2.589

8 High flood hazards 524 1.820 9 Agriculture 3800.42 13.202

TOTAL 9126 100

Total area 28787 100


2.6.3 Future Development Area

The Proposed Land use Plan of AUDA envisages the development by 2011 for an estimated 60 lakh population, as shown in the figure below.

Proposed Land use

The Development Plan 2011 proposes an increase in residential areas from 35 percent to 44 percent. No significant change has been proposed in Industrial area due to the State Governments restrictive policy. Though 23 percent of the area exists as open, the city lacks adequate number of gardens and parks. It is proposed to develop 8.6 percent area as gardens. Huge areas (77.75 ha) of closed Gujarat State Textile Corporation Mills in Eastern Ahmedabad lying unused is proposed to be developed.Therefore, slight increase in area under transportation from 9.5 percent to 11.1 percent is envisaged.



AHMEDABAD URBAN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

19

25

18

27

2022

26

2423

VASANT NAGER

M.G.VASHAHAT 60

.00M

T S

AR

KH

EJ -

GA

ND

HIN

AG

AR H

IGH

WA

Y 1

3 2

f t

R I

N G

R

O A

D

1 3

2 f

t R

I N

G

A S H

R A

M R

O A

D

A S

H

R

A

M

R

O

A

D

60.0

0MT

SA

RK

HE

J -G

AN

DH

INAG

AR H

IGH

WAY

32

3534

33

50

3739

38

42

41

8483

43

62

63

36

64

65

66

67

45

233 7372

234 76

21

46

77 78

44

60

232

55

59

71

40

53

58

75

69

74

215

5152

91 9089

8885

86

204

211

5470

68

228

230

229

226

225 57224

221

22256

227

220

219

218217

212 213

214216

210

208 209

207 206

205

87

202 203

201

SCIENCE CITY&SCIENCE PARK

235

236

82

79

238

239

24080

81

4748

237

109124

122123

110121101

125126 102

103 120111

119

104 112

105113

106114

107

108

115

117

118

28

29

31

30223

231

116

LAKEKANKARIA

LAKECHANDOLA

1 3 2 f t R

I N G R O

A D

NATION

AL HIGH

WAY

NATION

AL HIGH W

AY

1 3

2 f

t R

I N

G

NA

T IO

NA

L HI

GH

WAY

NA

TIO

NA

L H

IGH

WA

Y

NATIONAL HIGH WAY

NATI

ONAL

HIG

H W

AY T

O DE

HEGA

M

R O A

D

R O

A D

61


Map 2-6: AUDA Proposed Land Use 2011 Plan



2.7 Traffic Generating Activities

The nature and location of economic activities in relation to houses determines the travel demand in a city. Nature and location of these within AMC have been presented below.

The city of Ahmedabad has had great importance in the economy of Gujarat owing to the large concentration of economic activities and their high growth rates and productivity. Ahmedabad accounts for 7% of the states total population and around 20% of its urban population. In 1995, with 7 percent of the total population, Ahmedabad contributed to 17 percent of the state income (4).

Ahmedabad has a strong industrial base of traditional manufacturing, especially textiles, plastics, machinery and basic metals and alloys. Ahmedabad city accounts for 21.5% of factories in the state employing 18% of workers (2000). In 1981, before the textile crisis, Ahmedabad city used to account for 19.3% of factories and 27.7% of workers in the state. During the 18th and early 19th centuries, Ahmedabad was one of the most important centres of trade and commerce in western India. The economy of Ahmedabad has passed through various phases of transformation over the years. A gradual shift has been noticed from manufacturing oriented industries to services oriented economic scenario. The tertiary sector is gaining, in terms of share which includes business and commerce, transportation and communication, and other services.

Residential Areas

Commercial Areas



Areas under Public Facilities

02.5 Km 2.5 Km

Areas under industrial use

Derived from City Development Strategies, Ahmedabad (2003)

Map 2-7: Maps showing Various Activities

2.8 Employment Distribution

The major employment zones in the study area are primarily located in the industrial belts of Naroda, Odhav and Vatva. Old city continues to be a major trading area. C.G. road and Ashram road have emerged as important commercial hubs in the city. Now SG highway and 132 ft ring road have started showing similar development trends.

2.9 Summary

The Greater Ahmedabad Urban Agglomeration has a population of 55 lakhs (2001) of which 80 percent of the population is residing within the municipal area. Ahmedabad has been the primate city of Gujarat, being the largest in terms of the population size. It presently holds 25 percent of states urban population. The city continue to be relatively compact. Some industrial activity has spilled over to the periphery. Containing sprawl tendency is a necessity. Transit oriented development needs exploration. Central and eastern zones have lost employment opportunities. Focus on these areas would be an additional contribution.



Map 2-8: Job Distribution in Study area



3.1 System Components 3.2 Vehicles 3.3 Facilities 3.4 Public Transport 3.5 Regional Transportation System-GSRTC 3.6 Railways 3.7 Intermediate Public Transport Modes 3.8 System Operations and Performance C

hap

ter

3:

Exis

tin

g Tr

ansp

orta

tion

Sys

tem

- V

ehic

les,

Faci

liti

es &

Per

form

ance



3. EXISTING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM - VEHICLES, FACILITIES & PERFORMANCE

3.1 System Components

Ahmedabad city is well connected by an expressway, several national and state highways, the broad-gauge and meter-gauge railways and an international airport. The city transportation system is predominantly dependent on roadway systems. Vehicular growth has been rapid. The network is experiencing heavy congestion. Consequently air pollution has become severe.

The information below provides an overview of the existing transportation system in terms of road network, vehicular growth and composition, performance of the system and its impact. A detailed analysis of public transportation system performance has been presented separately in the next chapter.

3.2 Vehicles

At the time of formation of the state of Gujarat, in 1961, there were only 43,000 vehicles registered. This figure has risen to over 90 Lakh vehicles by the year 2007, recording a rise by 170 folds in four decades. In the recent past, annual additions have been high and increasing.

Ahmedabad RTO district has a total number of 12.9 lakh motor vehicles registered in the year 2002. This went upto 19.4 lakh by 2007 recording a compound growth rate of 8.5%. Of this 73% were two wheelers. The district, which accommodates 11% of the state population accounts for about 21% of the vehicles registered in the State4. Accretions to car population are increasing annually. From 2002 to 2003, a total of 12738 cars were added in Ahmedabad. Last year, the increase is in the order of 19858. Increase in car use

4 Ahmedabad Agglomeration accounts for 80% of the total district population

Composition of Vehicles in Ahmedabad-2007(in percentage)

L.C.V, 0.7

Tempo, 1.5 Trailor, 1.0 Tractor, 1.6

H.C.V, 1.7

Others, 0.3

Ambulance Van, 0.0

Taxi, 0.4

Buses, 1.4

2-Wheelers, 73.4

Car/Jeep, 12.8

Auto Rikshaw s, 4.7

3-Wheelers, 0.6

Figure 3-1: Showing the Composition of Vehicles in

Ahmedabad-2007



would have severe effect on traffic movement as it would reduce the road capacity in absolute terms.

Table 3-1 shows the growth pattern of various segments of vehicle in Ahmedabad in the last three decades. Two stroke engine vehicles (two wheelers & three wheelers) and public transport vehicles have a significant influence on urban air quality. Ahmedabad has one of the highest growth rates of two wheeleres and three wheelers.

Table 3-1: Total motor vehicle growth and growth of two/three wheelers and AMTS buses in Ahmedabad (1961-2007)

All Vehicles Two Wheelers Three Wheelers AMTS Buses Year

Total Growth Total Growth Total Growth Total Growth

1971 62922 - 21702 - 4865 - 525 -

1981 165620 163% 86550 299% 16741 244% 610 16%

1991 538182 225% 361372 318% 38359 249% 756 24%

2001 1210278 125% 863003 139% 65868 72%* 886 17%

2007 1938518 60% 1422666 65% 90918 38% 1088 15%

Source: Transport Department, Gujarat, Ahmedabad, 2007

Figure 3-2 shows the comparative data of vehicular growth rates in all major metro cities in India. Ahmedabad, Bangalore Hyderabad and Chennai have recorded a higher growth rate than Delhi, Mumbai and Calcutta. If vehicular growth continues, very soon these cities will also have the vehicular population similar to major metros. In the year 2002 Ahmedabad has recorded the highest per capita motor vehicles in India.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Ahmedabad Bangalore Chennai Delhi GreaterMumbai

Hyderabad Kolkota

Cities

Num

ber

Veh./1000 popn.(1990) Veh./1000 popn.(2002)

Source: MoRTH 2003

Figure 3-2: Vehicles per 1000 Population in Major Cities, 1990 and 2002



3.3 Facilities

3.3.1 Road Network

The study area roadway system is approximately 3650 Kms. Other than the National Highway Authority, which maintains National Highways and the State Roads and Buildings Department, the two urban local bodies; AMC and AUDA, are responsible for developing, operating and maintaining road infrastructure.

The street network in Ahmedabad evolved historically may be classified as ring-radial form. There are 20 well-defined radials; 12 in the west and 8 in the east, Ashram road, running along the river Sabarmati also functions as a north-south radial. As the need to connect these roads to facilitate cross mobility arose, a series of rings / orbital were added to form ring roads. As defined by AUDA, there are five complete rings within the AUDA area.

The Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation manages a large road network of 2398 km, of which 93% are surfaced roads (Refer Table 3-2). Recent efforts at better management of the road network in the city have resulted in effective widening of the main corridors of the city. It is to be noted that a bye-pass road has been built as an alternative to old NH 8 as the road has become a part of the city road network. The share of area under the roads constitute

Documents

Detailed Project Report Phase-2