Detailed Equipment Design

Objective:

Attention to Details

How Many Units to Design?One

The More Complex of the Two Short-Cut Designs

Examples

Reactor

Distillation Column

Absorption Column

Dryer

Format for Detailed Design

• Unit summary - including operating conditions, production rate etc.

– Mention key design concerns

• List major assumptions with proper references/justifications

Format for Detailed Design (Cont’d)

• Present design calculations– Improve upon shortcut design

wherever possible– Design internals in more details

(agitators, trays, distributors, heat transfer surface etc.)

– Select material of construction and calculate wall thickness

Format for Detailed Design (Cont’d)

• Draw detailed drawing of the equipment with internals

• Discuss proposed instrumentation and control for the unit including safety device

• Show proposed instrumentation and control schemes on a separate drawing

• Prepare a specification sheet

Main Reactor Types

• Fixed bed

• Fluidized bed

• Slurry bed

• Stirred Tank

Gas Distributor (A Common Internal)

Main Types

• Ring sparger

• Perforated Plate

• Perforated pipe

Gas Distributors (Cont’d)

Important Design ConsiderationsUniform flow through distributor orificesLow pressure drop while avoiding

channelingAvoid plugging due to solid particlesAvoid gas jets impingement on vessel walls

– can lead to pitting

Uniform Flow Through Sparger Orifices

1.02/

o

pf

P

V

1.0

o

p

P

P

(1)

(2)

Criteria:

Uniform Flow Through Orifices

22

12

6.2p

oofo A

AVP

ppooo VANVA

continuityBy

:

25.0204.41/

1.

opo NDD

EqinngSubstituti

Orifice pressure Drop:

Example of Detailed Design in Guide Book Page 80-86

Example of Gas Distributor Design on

Page 77-79