Detailed Design Style – De Stijl

Background• Defined by the architect H.P. Berlage as “unity in plurality”.• Taking its name from a magazine edited from 1917 to 1931 by the Dutch painter, designer and writer Theo van Doesburg.

Characteristic• Based on rectangle and the use of black, white, gray, and the primary colors.

Famous Artists• Gerrit Rietveld• Vilmos Huszar• Theo van Doesburg• Piet Zwart

Example :

Detailed Design Style – Bauhaus

Background• By 1914 a reform had begun in Germany to change the method and quality of art education.• In 1919 the architect Walter Gropius was appointed director of an institution that merged the Weimar Academy of Fine Art and the Weimar Kunstgewerbeschule.• His first action was to reconstitute the school, to be called Das Staatliche Bauhaus.

Characteristic• Order, asymmetry, and a basic rectangular grid structure• Decoration was limited to the use of heavy rules, circles, and rectangles of type metal.• Photography and montage replaced realistic drawing as illustration.• The sans-serif typeface was regarded as essential.• Drop capital letters from all printed matter.

Famous Artists• László Moholy-Nagy• Oskar Schlemmer• Herbert Bayer• Joost Schmidt• Marcel Breuer• etc

Example :

Detailed Design Style – New Typography

Background• Defined as a rejection of the classical rules of typographic symmetry.• In 1928, Jan Tschichold formulated and codified the fundamental principles of asymmetry in Die Neue Typographie (The New Typography).

Characteristic• Purified De Stijl typographics• Emphasis on horizontal and vertical lines• Use of the rectangle• Primary colors arranged in masses

Famous Artist• Jan Tschichold• Ladislav Sutnar• Ljubomir Micić• Piet Zwart• etc

Detailed Design Style – French Art Deco

Background• An exhibition that unite artists, manufacturer, and craftman at a major decorative art exposition held by Paul Poiret in 1925.• The Expo was accused of demonstrating the vaculty of decoration for the sake of decoration, despite the presence of Le Corbusier’s and Melinkov’s Modernist pavilions.

Characteristic• Combined the decorative frenzy with Neo-classical and Cubist elements.• Decorative and anti-Impresionistic.

Famous Artist• Charles Loupot• Bolin• A.M. Cassandre• Jean Carlu• etc