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Despite Our Best Efforts,Ontologies are not the problem.
Tom Grubertomgruber.org
Stealth-Company.com
(c) 2007 Thomas Gruber2
outline
Components don’t matterSystems that matter
Collective knowledgeIntelligent Interface
Discuss
context knowledge interface conversation
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Where’s the key technology?
context knowledge interface conversation
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Which is the important part?
context knowledge interface conversation
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What part of the stack iscritical?
context knowledge interface conversation
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The Tower of Semantics
context knowledge interface conversation
“Let them eat layer cake.”
Oops. We didn’t mean that.
context knowledge interface conversation
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Field of Dreamers
“If you build it, they will come.”
“If they use it, it will build itself.”
context knowledge interface conversation
(c) 2007 Thomas Gruber9
“Don't ask what the Web knows,ask what the World knows."
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World-changing Technology
Everything can be captured.Everything can be stored.Everything can be distributed everywhere.Everyone can talk to everyone.Everyone can learn from everyone.
Insert Semantic Web here
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Augmenting Human Intelligence
Web 1.0Accessing human knowledge
Web 2.0Gathering human knowledge
Web 3.0Applying human knowledge
How can we use technology to make us smarter,individually and collectively?
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The Semantic Web Potential
Enable Collective Intelligence
Bring Intelligence to the Interface
How can the Semantic Web fundamentallychange our experience of the world?
context knowledge interface conversation
Collective Intelligence
Where the Social Web Meetsthe Semantic Web
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Collective Intelligence1968
"The grand challenge is toboost the collective IQ oforganizations and ofsociety. "
Doug Engelbart
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Collective Intelligence2001
“The Semantic Web is not aseparate Web but an extension ofthe current one, in whichinformation is given well-definedmeaning, better enablingcomputers and people to workin cooperation.”
Scientific American, May 2001
Tim Berners-Lee
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(c) 2007 Thomas Gruber16
Collective Intelligence2006
"The central principle behindthe success of the giants born inthe Web 1.0 era who havesurvived to lead the Web 2.0 eraappears to be this, that theyhave embraced the power of theweb to harness collectiveintelligence" Tim O’Reilly
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Collective Knowledge is Real
FAQ-o-Sphere - self service Q&A forumsCitizen Journalism – “We the Media”Product reviews for gadgets and hotelsCollaborative filtering for books and music
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Collective Knowledge Systems
provide new and useful informationfrom large collections of data
based on human contributionsaugmented by technology
get better as more people participateincreasing returns with scale
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Web 2.0: Collected Intelligence
Intelligent collection?social bookmarking, search
“Database of intentions”attention (click streams)Opinion (ratings, tags)Behavior (buying)
Collected communicationsblogs, wikis, discussion lists
“database of intentions” – Tim O’Reilly
The Wisdom of Clouds
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Web 3.0: Emergent KnowledgeSystems
provide new and useful informationfrom multiple, large collections of data
based on human contributionsaugmented by technology and structured data
get better as more people participate.with increasing returns at scale
provide answers, solutions, discoveries orother results beyond the original data.
based on computation and inference
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(c) 2007 Thomas Gruber21
Roles for Semantic NetTechnology
Composing and integrating user-contributed data across applications
The Gigantic Join
Creating aggregate value from a mix ofstructured and unstructured data
Example: Recommendation engines
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Ontologies for the Gigantic Join
http://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/
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Travel Recommendation Engine
Mix of structured andunstructured dataMachine learning to extractclusters and syntheticdimensionsInterview users to elicit profileand interestsRecommend destinations andtrips based onmultidimensional matchingOutput is human readableexperiences, selected bymachine inference
context knowledge interface conversationhttp://tomgruber.org/writing/collective-knowledge-systems.htm
Intelligence at the Interface
The Killer App for Semanticsis your online life.
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Interaction Paradigms
Breadcrumbs in the forestFollow the leaderAbracadabraRoom service
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Breadcrumbs in the forest:The Hyperlink
User RoleChoose your path
System Rolesconnect the dots
Technical breakthrough: universal resource identitycontext knowledge interface conversation
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Follow the leader:The Portal
User Rolechoose your channels(and consume them)
System Rolesdeliver the content
Technical breakthrough: frictionless broadcastingcontext knowledge interface conversation
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Abracadabra:The Search Engine
User Rolestate your query(and shift through results)
System Rolesfind relevant content andfilter on quality
Technical breakthrough: web-scale indexing and ranking
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(c) 2007 Thomas Gruber29
Room Service:Intelligence at the Interface
User RoleLive your life
System RolesTell me what I need to know.Help me solve my problems.Help me meet my needs.Work for me. Be proactive.
Technical breakthrough: personalized, context-aware AI
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What can IaI do?
Know about your contextKeep you informed and connectedHelp you rememberHelp you discoverWork for you
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Helps you organize, share, anddiscover
context knowledge interface conversationhttp://twine.com
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Helps you connect, discover,stay in touch
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• find gems fromgeotagged trips
http://tagmaps.research.yahoo.com/http://loopt.com
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Helps you discover things youcare about
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Works for you
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Your Assistant that Learns
35context knowledge interface conversation
(c) 2007 Thomas Gruber36
What makes an InterfaceIntelligent?
It knows a lot about you.It understands you in context.It is proactive.It gets better with experience.
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multidimensionalsort
databaselookup
reasoning& learning
graphtraversal
Knowledge and Reasoning
Hyperlink Portal Search I@I
mylinks
my PIMmy page
my queries
my online life
context knowledge interface conversation
Serv
ice
to H
uman
s
(c) 2007 Thomas Gruber38
multidimensionalsort
databaselookup
reasoning& learning
graphtraversal
Knowledge, Reasoning,Collective Intelligence
Collected Aggregated Emergent
our content
our lifestreams
our interests
our online lives
context knowledge interface conversation
Share ourinformation
Share ourexperience
Learn fromCollectiveKnowledge
Serv
ice
to H
uman
s
(c) 2007 Thomas Gruber39
Last Word: What I Think Matters
When we’re making our layer of the cake,consider how it contributes to these goals:
How to get useful knowledge from allthose intelligent people on the InternetHow to give the benefit of this knowledgeto everyone.
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(c) 2007 Thomas Gruber40
For more information
Tom Gruberhttp://tomgruber.org/
Collective Knowledge Systemshttp://tomgruber.org/writing/collective-knowledge-systems.htm
Intelligence at the Interfacehttp://tomgruber.org/news/sdforum-dec13.htm
Rights: Attribution No Derivativeshttp://tomgruber.org/writing/aaai-ss08.htm
