Upload
hadan
View
230
Download
5
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
TM
Designing Smart Meters for the Smart GridMeera BalakrishnanGlobal Segment Marketing– Smart Metering
Martin MienkinaSystem Application Engineer
TM
Agenda
• Intro to Freescale in Smart Grids
• Energy Metering – Technology and Solution Trends
• An Effective Metering System on Chip Based Solutions
• Enablement
• Summary
Designing Smart Meters for the Smart Grid
1
TM
Freescale Solutions Enable the “Smart Grid”
#1 Appliances
Home Automation
#1 in Automotive Building Control
Metering
Lighting
Industrial Control
Motor Drives
Communications
2
TM
Freescale in Smart Energy
Distribution HANNAN
• 802.15.4g
• OFDM
• WiMax
• Zigbee
• WiFi
• M-Bus
• PLM
HAN (Home Area Network):
Wireless or wired network used for load control and dynamic
response by utilities
• Electric meter communicating with T-Stats, appliances, water
heaters, pool pumps, electric hybrids, etc. (Load Control)
• Send pricing signals to consumers for smarter energy
consumption (Demand Response)
Metrology:
Hardware that
measures and
controls flow of
energy to/from
building
Hot
Water
HeaterThermostat
Renewable
Energy
• GPRS
• WiMax
Electric
Car
Broad-range Smart Energy Solutions Provider:• Metrology and home gateway solutions closer to home
• Data aggregators, grid routers, grid protection on grid end
• Secure, easy-to-use wireless networks
• Energy savings, Reduced costs
• Increasing security, reliability & transparency
NAN HAN
Metrology
WAN
WAN NAN
Data Concentrator
(Aggregator)Energy Gateway
HAN
Zigbee
Zigbee
Data Concentrator (Aggregator):
Sends data collected (or commands)
to and from Neighbor Area Network
(NAN) or Home Area Network (HAN)
to utility
Appliances
Grid Power Protection,
Relay/Switch Control and
Monitoring
Grid Power supervision, control
and network protection system
solutions; Protective Relays and
Switches control for Power Grid
3
TM
NANUtility
• 802.15.4g
• OFDM
• WiMax
• GPRS
• WiMax
Low End Metering Microcontrollers
9S08LL/LH/ACWater, Gas & Heat
9S08LL, 9S08GW
Smart 1-3ph Metering MCF51EM256 Kinetis MK30 Kinetis MK10
Data Concentrator (Aggregator) P20x0 P10xx MPC831x MPC8308 i.MX
Interfaces to NAN 802.15.4g Radio WiMax
Interfaces to Utility WiMax GPRS DLMS/COSEM library
Smart Energy Gateway MPC8308 i.MX
HAN Interfaces ZigBee WiFi GPRS M-Bus HomePlug Green PHY
Appliance Technology 8-32bit MCUs & DSPs Touch Sensor
RF4CE (wireless control)
Utility / NAN Metrology Home Area Network (HAN)
WAN NAN
Data Concentrator
(Aggregator)
NAN HAN
Metrology HAN
• Zigbee
• WiFi
• M-Bus
• PLM
Water
HeaterThermostat
Renewable
EnergyElectric
Car
Energy Gateway
HAN
Zigbee
Zigbee
Smart
Appliance
s
Freescale Solutions for Smart Energy
4
TM
Agenda
• Intro to Freescale in Smart Grids
• Energy Metering – Technology and Solution Trends
• An Effective Metering System on Chip Based Solutions
• Enablement
• Summary
Designing Smart Meters for the Smart Grid
5
TM
Market Trend Trend Description Portfolio Alignment
Peripherals Integration
Focus on cost driving higher levels of integration. Cost Reduction is forcing integration - Integration of high-resolution Analog Front End (ADC) into a single processor
Kinetis MK30, ADC with PGA
MCF51EM256 with ADC integrated;
Increasing Memory Size and Security Needs
Larger Flash memory (up to 1MB) driven by Communications + Metrology for an AMR Meter
Need for Security throughout the Smart Grid
Kinetis Portfolio
CAU and support of Anti-Tampering
Wired and Wireless Protocols
Wired and Wireless communications are the key technologies used in today’s AMI and AMR designs
MC1322x Zigbee SEP and HAP
Greater Accuracy with Low Power Consumption
With the shift to electrical gas and water meters, power consumption is a key decision factor due to battery life requirements and costs
9S08GW family suitable for gas, water meter applications.
Communication Within Home
Home energy gateway will be key for consumers to keep track of and control energy usage
i.MX283 and MPC8308 Energy gateway
Emerging Applications that need interface to smart grids
Intelligent appliances within the home, micro-grid generation (solar cells), Plug-in Hybrid vehicles require appropriate interface and measurement technologies
Digital Signal Controller portfolio . Working closely with industry leaders to further develop solutions in this space.
Smart Grids Infrastructure development
Protocols emerging for control and communication of various components in Smart Grids
High-end Networking products (MPC83xx, QoRIQ support IEEE 1588, Ethernet, Security
Key Technology and Solution Trends in Metering
6
TM
Energy Meter Types and Measurements
Electromechanical meters
• Limited accuracy
• Manual reading
• Contains moving parts (aluminum ring)
Electronic meters
• MCUs, DSPs and ASICs based
• Accurate measurement
• Enhanced security
• Equipped with AMR
• No moving parts
Electricity Meter Types
Single phase
• Common in EU residential meters
• One voltage and one current measurement
• Use of shunt resistors prevail due to system low-cost
Dual phase
• Common in US residential meters
• Two voltage and two current measurement
• Use of current transformers and Rogowski coils prevail
Three phase
• Used in industrial and commercial meters
• Three voltage and three current measurement
• Use of current transformers and Rogowski coils prevail
Measurement Types
• Active, Reactive, Apparent Energy
• Active, Reactive, Apparent Power
• RMS, Peak Values (voltage/current)
• Line frequency
• Power Factor
• Temperature
Measured Quantities
7
TM
Agenda
• Intro to Freescale in Smart Grids
• Energy Metering – Technology and Solution Trends
• An Effective Metering System on Chip Based Solutions
• Enablement
• Summary
Designing Smart Meters for the Smart Grid
8
TM
3-P
hase
Flo
w1-P
hase
99
Connectivity
1Q11 1Q111Q11
1-Phase Meter
MCF51EM256
Integrated AFE
Low Cost Meter
9RS08KA8/LA8
Simulation
DEMOEM
MCF51EM256
Low Cost Meter
9S08LL/LG32Low Cost Meter
9S08LH64
Integrated AFE
Water Meter
9S08LL16/
9S08GW64
Gas Meter
9S08LL16/
9S08GW64
Heat Meter
9S08LL16/
9S08GW64
1-Phase Meter
9S08GW64
Ga
tew
ay/
Concentr
ato
r
802.15.4/Zigbee
MC1322x
1-Phase Meter
MZ60
3-Phase Meter
MCF51EM256
1-Phase Meter
MK30X256
see next
slides…
Smart Grid & Metering
Reference Designs
Data concentrator
MPC8308
Data Concentrator
MC5441xEnergy Gateway
MPC8308
Energy Gateway
i.MX28
TM
10
3-Phase MCF51EM256 Electricity Meter – Features
Configurable to operate in:• Three phase, 4 wire (3Ф-4W)
• One phase, 1 wire (1Ф-2W)
• One phase, 1 wire (1 Ф-3W)
Measurement & LCD display: • US and European voltage: 120V+/- 20%, 230V +/- 10%
• US and European current: 100A US, 60A Europe
• Phase RMS Voltage (Accuracy ±1% of full Scale)
• Phase RMS Currents (Accuracy ±1% of full scale)
• Active Power (Accuracy ±1% of full Scale)
• Reactive Power (Accuracy ±1% of full Scale)
• Apparent Power (Accuracy ±1% of full Scale)
• Power Factor (Accuracy ± 0.1PF or better)
• Line Frequency (Accuracy ± 0.5Hz or better)
• Tamper Count
• Active Energy - Class 0.5 or better
• Reactive energy - Class 2 or better
• Apparent Energy - Class 2 or better
Operating frequency range 50Hz ±3Hz or 60Hz ±3Hz
Tamper Detection
Optical Port Interface (IEC62056-21, ANSI C12.18)
Serial port for calibration and diagnostics
Navigation using 3 keys (UP, DOWN & ACK/RESET)
Expansion port for AMR via SCI and SPI
Find the poly-phase reference design at www.freescale.com/metering
RS-232
Diagnostic/Debug
Port
Optical
Port
Te
rmin
al B
lock
(Vo
ltag
e &
Cu
rre
nt In
pu
ts)
CTs
Potential
Divider
Battery
(RTC)
Door Open
Tamper Detect
Input
Power
ON
LED
Tamper
Detect
LED Level
Shifter
kWh
LED
kVARh
LED
3.3V
Key PadEnter/
Save
Up
IV
Down
IV
Power Fail
Interrupt
3.3V
LCD
OSC 1
32.768
kHz
RS-232
Transceiver
Opto Isolator
Iso1_3.3V
OSC 2
1- 16 MHz
REF
REF
Voltage Signal
Conditioning Circuit
(ADC Inputs)
3.3V
Optical Drive
Circuit
3.3V
MCU
(100 Pin)
KBILCD ModuleIRTC
AD
C
ICS
GP
IO
SC
I2S
CI1
SC
I3 &
SP
I3
SPI1 GPIO TPMCH1
GP
IO
3.3V
BD M
BDM
Port
Op
to Iso
lato
r
ZCD
3.3V
Op
to
Isola
tor
Iso1_3.3V
Iso1_3.3V
Reference
Generator
3.3V
LEGENDPGNDDGND
Battery
LEDs
Iso2_3.3VIso1_3.3V
3.3V
Power Supply
AC-DC Converter
Iso1_3.3V Iso2_3.3V
Gain Control
3.3V
Iso2_3.3V
Current Signal
Conditioning Circuit
(ADC Inputs)
3.3V
OFDM Power Line
MODEM & 802.15.4
RF Interface
With AMR Interface
Connector
Iso2_3.3V
MRAM/
EEPROM
(Serial)
3.3V
Level
Shifter
3.3V
3.3V
TM
11
Processing Steps:• Phase voltages and currents are sampled 128
times per cycle.
• First buffer used for storing samples and the second for samples post processing.
• At any given point of time, one buffer is collecting measured samples while data from the second buffer are processed by the “Metering Algorithms”.
• Wherever 128 samples are measured and stored in the buffer the Metering Algorithms are initiated.
• Routines of the Metering Algorithms:
• Sum of squares of phase voltage samples
• Sum of squares of phase current samples
• Dot Product of phase voltage and current samples
• Dot Product of quarter cycle shifted phase voltage and current samples.
• Finally accumulated quantities are used for calculation Line to neutral phase voltages, Phase currents, Active and Reactive powers, Apparent power, Power Factor, Active and Reactive energies.
3-Phase MCF51EM256 Electricity Meter – Metrology
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
u(0) u(1) ……. u(127)
Voltage cycle
TM
MCF51EM256/128 Overview ColdFire V1 32-bit Core with Multiply Accumulate unit
• Up to 50.33 MHz system clock
• 32-bit MAC (16x16 signed/unsigned)
• Provides enough throughput for application and connectivity
Independent Real Time Clock (RTC)
• Operates from an independent power supply, even during power outages when other MCU systems are not powered
• Consumes very little power, down to < 1.5µA
Robust Firmware Update
• Meter continues to operate from one Flash block, while other is updated and verified with new firmware
• Flash block swap reliably completes firmware update
Tamper Detection
• Detects and records tamper attempt even during power off
• Detects and records attempts to disconnect backup battery
Four 16-bit high speed SAR ADCs
• Support simultaneous sampling of four analogue inputs
• 1 differential and 4 to 7 single ended inputs per ADC
• Include phase shift compensation needed with reactive load
LCD Controller
• Supports a wide range of displays, up to 288 segments
• Up to 8 backplanes reduces number of pins and system cost
MCF51EM256 documentation: www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=MCF51EM
12
TM
ADC1
ADC2
ADC3
ADC4
Ch
1C
h2
Ch
3C
h4
PreTriggerA
PreTriggerB
COCOA
COCOB
DADP1DADP1DADM1DADM1 Reg. A: Live 1 CTResult A
Result B
Result AResult B
Result AResult B
Result AResult B
AD3AD3
AD4AD4
Reg. B: Live 1 Voltage
Reg. C: auxiliary 1.
DADP2DADP2DADM2DADM2 Reg. A: Live 2 CT
AD5AD5 Reg. B: Live 2 Voltage
DADP0DADP0DADM0DADM0 Reg. A: Live 3 CT
AD6AD6 Reg. B: Live 3 Voltage
DADP3DADP3DADM3DADM3 Reg. A: Neutral CT
AD7AD7 Reg. B: auxiliary 2.
VREF0VREFHVREFLBandgapTemp Sensor
Trigger
PDB
TriggerA
TriggerB
PreTriggerA
PreTriggerB
COCOA
COCOB
TriggerA
TriggerB
PreTriggerA
PreTriggerB
COCOA
COCOB
TriggerA
TriggerB
PreTriggerA
PreTriggerB
COCOA
COCOB
TriggerA
TriggerB
Programmable Delay Block – Usage in Application
PDB - ADC Integration
Duration of the first ADC conversion (Reg. A)Start possible for second ADC (Reg. B)
13
TM
14
Secure Flash Update – New Firmware Update
Application
0
Power calculation
Comms Routine
Interrupt Vectors
128K
Update
Application
space
Power calculation - copy
Comms Routine - copy
Interrupt Vectors - copy
256K
Flash Selector = 0
Old
Application
Power calculation
Comms Routine
Interrupt Vectors
256K
Updated
Application
Power calculation - copy
Comms Routine - copy
Interrupt Vectors - copy
128K
Flash Selector = 1
0
Notes
• After MCU POR & RTC POR, flash selector = 0
• Flash selector is powered by RTC power supply
• MCU reset does NOT change state
• Power is maintained through MCU power cycles
• Only upper flash block is erased / written
• Software controlled switch between blocks, instantaneous (~40nS)
• Flash can be used as a single code space
Blo
ck 1
Blo
ck 0
Blo
ck 0
Blo
ck 1
Non volatile Non volatile
TM
MCF51EM256 - Features for E-metering
Needs MCF51EM256 Solution
Computational
Power
ColdFire V1 core with MAC unit.
(core speeds up to 50.33 MHz 3.6 V to 2.5 V and 20 MHz at
2.5 V to 1.8 V)
Low Power Less than 1.09mA/MHz Run Current (all modules off)
Typical 1.5 μA power consumption in battery mode
Data Storage From 128KB to 256KB of Flash (Dual Flash Bank)
From 8KB to 16KB of RAM
Flash Update Flash Swap, Security and Protection.
User Interface Embedded 4x40 LCD display driver (3V or 5V glass).
Communication Up to 3 UARTS, 3 SPIs and 1 IIC.
Time Keeping Independent RTC with separate time base, power domain,
32 bytes of RAM and crystal compensation (correction
range ~ ±.12ppm .. ~ ±3900ppm)
Analog
Modules
Integrated four 16-bit analog-to-digital converters (14.5
ENOB @ differential mode).
Two HSCMP.
Built-in 1.2 V reference 33 ppm/C with dedicated output pin.
Other HW CRC module supporting fast cyclic redundancy checks.
Programmable Delay Block supporting current sensor
phase shift compensation.
Built-in temperature sensor.
Built-in clock check test mechanism.
Watchdog clocked from independent internal clock (1kHz).
15
TM
3-P
hase
Flo
w1-P
hase
1-Phase Meter
MK30X256
1616
Connectivity
1Q11 1Q111Q11
1-Phase Meter
MCF51EM256
Integrated AFE
Low Cost Meter
9RS08KA8/LA8
Simulation
DEMOEM
MCF51EM256
Low Cost Meter
9S08LL/LG32Low Cost Meter
9S08LH64
Integrated AFE
Water Meter
9S08LL16/
9S08GW64
Gas Meter
9S08LL16/
9S08GW64
Heat Meter
9S08LL16/
9S08GW64
1-Phase Meter
9S08GW64
Ga
tew
ay/
Concentr
ato
r
802.15.4/Zigbee
MC1322x
1-Phase Meter
MZ60
3-Phase Meter
MCF51EM256
see next
slides…
Smart Grid & Metering
Reference Designs
Data concentrator
MPC8308
Data Concentrator
MC5441xEnergy Gateway
MPC8308
Energy Gateway
i.MX28
TM
Precision (accuracy): IEC50470-3 class B, 1%
Voltage range 85…264 VRMS
Current Range 0…120 ARMS
Frequency range 47…63 Hz
Functionality V, A, kW, kVAR, kVA, kWh, kVARh, Hz, cosφ, real-time clock
Voltage sensor Voltage divider
Current sensor (according to ordering code) Shunt 120 μΩ
Energy output pulse interface two red LEDs (active and reactive)
Opto-isolated pulse output (optional) opto-coupler (active energy)
User interface (HMI) LCD, 3 buttons (tamper, 2 users), 1 user LED (yellow)
Infrared interface (optional) for metering data reading (IEC1107)
RS232 serial interface Opto-isolated, 19200 Bd, 8 data bit, 1 stop bit, no parity
ZigBee interface (optional) 2.4GHz RF 1322x-SRB internal module. Other protocols supported too.
Internal battery 3V, CR2032 type
In preparation – available from www.freescale.com/metering in Q1/2011
1-Phase MK30X256 Based Electricity Meter - Features
by courtesy ofZhongshan Weiqi Electronic
17
TM
1-Phase MK30X256 Based Electricity Meter –Metrology 1 of 2.
Using FFT algorithm for power computing.• Fourier analysis is based on the concept that real world signals can be approximated
by a sum of sinusoids, each at a different frequency (basic DFT)• The more sinusoids included in the sum, the better the approximation
Algorithm requirements.• Number of measured samples (N) must be power-of-two sizes (…,64,128,etc.)• Sampling frequency must be higher (min. 2x) then maximum frequency included in
input signal, otherwise the frequency spectrum overlaps (Nyquist theorem)• Anti-aliasing filter (HW) must be use for filtering frequencies above Nyquist frequency
FFT example (N=8):
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
X
FFT window
time domain
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7k
Ymagnitude
N/2
k
Yphase
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
N/2
frequency domain
))()()( 22 kYkYkY IMREmagnitude
)(
)(arctan)(
kY
kYkY
RE
IMphase
FFT
Y(0)
Y(1)
Y(2)
Y(3)
Y(4)
Y(5)
Y(6)
Y(7)
x(0..7)
N/2 … Nyquist frequency
k … number of k-th harmonics
n .. n-th sample of input signal
N… total number of samples
1
0
)()(N
n
kn
NWnxkY N
j
N eW2
10 Nk
Complex Numbers
Input samples
18
TM
1-Phase MK30X256 Based Electricity Meter –Metrology 2 of 2.
Complex power is defined as:
12
1
12
1
)()()()()()()()()()()()(
N
k
IMREREIMIMIMREREIMRE
N
k
IMRE kIkjUkIkjUkUkIkUkIkjUkUkjIkI
Real part of complex power:
Active powerImaginary part of complex power:
Reactive power
Where: IRE(k),URE(k) are real parts of k-th harmonics of input current/voltage
IIM(k),UIM(k) are imaginary parts of k-th harmonics of input current/voltage
Apparent power is defined as: VRMS *IRMS
12
1
2
12
1
22 )()()(
N
k
magnitude
N
k
IMRERMS kIkIkII
12
1
2
12
1
22 )()()(
N
k
magnitude
N
k
IMRERMS kUkUkUU
Where: IRE(k),URE(k) are real parts of k-th harmonics of input current/voltage
Imagnitude(k),Umagnitude(k) are magnitudes of k-th harmonics of input current/voltage
19
TM
20
Kinetis Product Family Features
Development
Tools
Bundled IDE
w/ Processor
Expert
Bundled OS
USB, TCP/IP,
Security
Modular Tower
H/ware
Development
System
Application
Software
Stacks,
Peripheral
Drivers & App.
Libraries
(Motor Control,
HMI, USB)
Broad 3rd party
ecosystem
Common
Digital IP
CRC
I2C
SAI (I2S)
UART/SPI
Programmable
Delay Block
External Bus
Interface
Motor Control
Timers
eSDHC
RTC
Common
Analog IP
16-bit ADC
Programmable
Gain Amplifiers
12-bit DAC
High-speed
Comparators
Low-power
Touch Sensing
Common
System IP
32-bit ARM
Cortex-M4 Core
w/ DSP Instructions
Next Generation
Flash Memory
High Reliability,
Fast Access
FlexMemory w/
EEPROM capability
SRAM
Memory
Protection Unit
Low Voltage,
Low Power Multiple
Operating Modes,
Clock Gating
(1.71V-3.6V with 5V
tolerant I/O)
DMA
-40 to 105C
K70 Family
512KB-1MB,
196-256pin
K60 Family
256KB-1MB,
100-256pin
K50 Family
128-512KB,
64-144pin
K40 Family
64-512KB,
64-144pin
K30 Family
64-512KB,
64-144pin
K20 Family
32KB-1MB,
32-144pin
K10 Family
32KB-1MB,
32-144pin
TM
21
Kinetis K30/K40 Family Overview
Flexible, low power LCD Interface
• Segment LCD Blink mode lowers average power
• Segment Fail Detect prevents erroneous readouts and
reduces LCD test cost
• Front/back plane reassignment provides pin-out flexibility
and allows configuration changes in firmware
Diverse communications suite
• A multitude of serial interfaces, with UART support for
ISO7816 SIM/Smart Cards & IrDA interfaces
• Dual CAN for industrial network bridging
System reliability & safety
• Hardware Cyclic Redundancy Check safeguards memory
contents and communication data
• Memory Protection Unit – increase SW reliability
• Independently-clocked watchdog prevents code runaway
for fail-safe applications e.g. IEC60730
Hardware and software compatibility
• Common packages & peripherals across families enable
rapid feature growth with minimal hardware & software
disruption
Built-in voltage regulator (K40)
• 5V regulator input with 3.3V regulated output
• 3.3V regulated output can power MCU and also external
components (source current up to 120mA)
Family USB OTG + DCD Segment LCD
K30 - X
K40 X X
For Segment LCD Applications
Up to 512KB Flash
Memory
Up to 128KB
SRAM
FlexMemory:
up to 4KB EEPROM
or 256KBFlash
CrossBar Switch (XBS)
16-ch
DMA
(K40 Only)
Full-Speed USB
(H/D/OTG)
with DCD
FlexBus
Peripheral Bus Controllers (x2)
Up to 100MHz ARM Cortex-M4 Core
DSP
1.25DMIPs/MHz
Clock Module:2 Crystal inputs
2 internal oscillators
PLL and FLL
Secure DigitalHost
Controller
Memory Protection Unit
K30/K40 Family Block Diagram
Timers
3x FlexTimers
Carrier Modulator Timer,
Programmable Interrupt Timer,
Low Power Timer,
Programmable Delay Block
Analog
2x 16-bit SAR ADC 2x 12-bit DAC
3x High Speed Comparators
2x Programmable Gain Amplifiers
Internal Voltage Ref (1.2V)
Communications
2x I2C 6x UART3x DSPI2x CAN
IIS
32-bit Cyclic Redundancy
Check
Segment LCD (8x40 /4x44)
Low Power Xtrinsic
Touch Sensing
Interface
Watchdog +
External Watchdog
Monitor
Up to 98 GPIO
Kinetis documentation: www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/homepage.jsp?code=KINETIS
TM
ARM Cortex-M4 Processor Microarchitecture
Backwards compatible with ARM Cortex-M3
New features• Single cycle MAC (Up to 32 x 32 + 64 -> 64)• DSP extensions• Single Precision Floating Point Unit
Freescale IP and Innovation• On-chip cache for instructions and data• Cross-Bar Switch for concurrent multi-master/slave
accessing • On-chip DMA for CPU off-load • Low-leakage Wake-up Unit adds flexibility for low power
operation
Architected for Digital Signal Processing • Motor Control - advanced algorithms, longer lifespan,
power efficiency• Automation - high calculation and algorithm bandwidth
at a low cost• Power management – designed for low/battery
powered systems• Audio and Video – 5x performance improvement over
software, making batteries last longer
Dotted boxes denote optional blocks
22
TM
23
Kinetis Support For Legally Relevant vs. Non-Legally Relevant Code Separation
• Task Separation (Supported by Cortex-M4 core)[1]
• Privilege execution has full access rights handler & thread modes
• Unprivileged execution has limited access rights thread mode only
• Main and Process stack Switching
• Memory Protection (Supported by MPU) [2]
• Provides memory protection and task protection in
multi-master platform (System RAM, Flash and
FlexBus)
• Memory references with sufficient access control rights
are allowed to complete.
• Up to 16 region descriptors (granularity for region sizes
from 32 bytes to 4 Gbytes)
• References not mapped to any region descriptor or with
insufficient rights are terminated with a protection error
• Peripheral Protection (Supported by Peripheral
Bridge AIPS-LITE)[3]
• Can only be accessed in privileged mode.
• Interface and protect majority of peripherals including
MPU
• Peripherals protection scheme with access control
options: Peripheral requires supervisor privilege level for accesses
Peripheral is write protected
Peripheral accesses from un-trusted master are not allowed
References:
[1] Joseph Yiu, The Definitive Guide to the ARM Cortex-
M3, Second Edition, 2009, ISBN: 185617963X
[2] www.freescale.com/files/32bit/doc/ref_manual/
K30P81M100SF2RM.pdf, Chapter 18 - Memory
Protection Unit (MPU).
[3] www.freescale.com/files/32bit/doc/ref_manual/
K30P81M100SF2RM.pdf, Chapter 19 - Peripheral
Bridge (AIPS-Lite)
TM
• Performance• Up to 100 MHz Cortex-M4 w embedded DSP ; less than 420uA/MHz run current (all modules off)
• Memory Management (512kB Flash/128Kbytes RAM)• Support for robust code update on Flash
• Memory Protection Unit (MPU) to provide hardware access control for all memory references
• Single-Phase Analogue Front End (AFE)• 240 to 1 meter dynamic range with 1.0% accuracy with fixed gain setting [Class 1.0; 0.5 -
10(120)A]
• Interfacing various sensors such as shunt resistor (50uOhm, one-phase meter), Rogowski coils
and current transformers
• Up to 2 Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) with 1x-64x gain
• Programmable Delay Block supporting current sensor phase shift compensation.
• 1.2V Voltage Reference (33 PPM)
• Low Power• 1.71V to 3.6V Operating voltage
• Ultra low power RTC operation (<0.55uA when CPU not accessing RTC registers)
• 10 low power modes
• 90nm thin film flash storage process technology with high performance and low power• IEC 60730 compliant watchdog monitor
• Independent Real Time Clock (IRTC) with independent power domain (Battery)
• IRTC with Crystal & Temperature Frequency Compensation (Correction range ~ ±.12ppm .. ~
±3900ppm)
• Data Encryption Support for Secure Communication (K50-K70 only)• Memory-mapped Cryptographic Acceleration Unit (MMCAU)
• Significantly improves performance of security algorithms
• AES-128,-192,-256, DES, MD5, SHA-1,-256
• 32x32 multiply with 64-bit result for ECC & RSA acceleration
• Random Number Generator with NIST Compliant SP800-90 (DRGB)
Kinetis Key Features
TM
Agenda
• Intro to Freescale in Smart Grids
• Energy Metering – Technology and Solution Trends
• An Effective Metering System on Chip Based Solutions
• Enablement
• Summary
Designing Smart Meters for the Smart Grid
25
TM
2626
Freescale’s Microcontroller Enablement BundleFreescale MQX + MCU + Tower System + CodeWarrior IDE
Comprehensive solution for
embedded control and connectivity
Open source hardware platform for
prototyping application development
Visual and automated framework
to accelerate development time
• Modular, expandable and cost-
effective development platform for
8/16/32-bit MCUs and MPUs
• Rapid eval and prototyping with
maximum HW reuse.
• Supported by a diverse range of
MCU and peripheral plug-in
boards and a growing web
community
• Eclipse environment
• Processor Expert code
generation wizard
• Build, debug and flash tools
• Software analysis
• Kernel-aware debug
• Host platform support
Complimentary MQX RTOS
MQX Core
PSP & BSP
+
• Full-featured, scalable, proven
RTOS
• Simplifies HW management,
streamlines SW development
• Reduces development costs while
speeding time to market
Save time, cost, and effort.
TM
FreeMaster Monitoring Tool
Download from: www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=FREEMASTER
Application control
and monitor
Real-time eTPU
operation monitor
Live graphs,
variable watches,
and graphical
control page
Supports:- HCS08, HC12, HCS12 and HCS12X BDM
- 56F8000, 56F8100 and 56F8300 JTAG
- SCI driver (FMASTERSCIDRV) for all
platforms
27
TM
2828
Freescale MQX RTOS Solution Scalable, fully-featured and proven
RTOS bundled with 32-bit MCUs
• Full-featured and powerful BSPs incorporate tightly integrated RTOS, Middleware (USB,
TCP/IP stacks), file system, and I/O drivers
Designed for speed and size efficiency
• Market proven MQX has been available on Freescale processors for > 15 years
MQX has been used in millions of products including Medical and
Heavy Industrial areas
• Simple and scalable Can be as small as ~10KB for smallest implementation, or scale
up to support sophisticated networking and threading
Intuitive API & modular architecture enables straight-forward
feature fine-tuning
Production source code provided
• Similar to other “pay-for” software OS
Software Integration headache
Integrated MQX Solution
$95,000of software
bundled with
Freescale
MCU’s!
MQX Software speeds time to
market with support from Freescale
Download from: www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=MQX
TM
2929
CodeWarrior Development Studio for Microcontrollers v10.1
Integrated development tool suite for ColdFire, Kinetis and S08 architectures based on the Eclipse open development platform• Project Wizard creates a new project in as few as 9
clicks
• MCU Change Wizard retargets a project to a new processor in as few as 6 clicks
• CodeWarrior optimizing C/C ++ compilers for ColdFire and Kinetis Microcontrollers included
• Extensions to Eclipse CDT to provide sophisticated features to troubleshoot and repair embedded applications
• Processor Expert combines easy-to-use component-based application creation with an expert knowledge system
• Trace and profile support for on-chip trace buffers to provide emulator-like debug capability without additional hardware
• Kernel-aware debug for MQX, Linux and OSEK
• CodeWarrior Special Edition is a complimentary version up to 128KB code size
Accelerate the development of the most
complex embedded applications
Free
Compiler
up to
128KB!
www.freescale.com/codewarrior
to download
TM
30
Choose Your Partner: The Freescale Microcontroller Ecosystem
Run-Time Software: RTOS, Stacks, File System
HW BDM Debugger/Emulators IDE: Tools Compliers, Debuggers
MQX Support /
Design Services
Audio/Video
Codecs
GUI
GraphicalSecurity /
Medical
EVBs &
System Design
Ind. Protocol
Stacks
GNU Tools
ARM® Cortex™ Microcontroller Software Interface Standard - hardware abstraction layer
TM
Agenda
• Intro to Freescale in Smart Grids
• Energy Metering – Technology and Solution Trends
• An Effective Metering System on Chip Based Solutions
• Enablement
• Summary
Designing Smart Meters for the Smart Grid
31
TM
Summary Metering ASSP products can help solve key customer problems for
metering systems
• Maximize battery life ultra low power 8bit & 32bit MCUs
• Reliable readings fast & accurate on-chip ADCs
• Integration memory, LCD ctrl, analog
• Communication I/F ZigBee, 802.15.4, and Ethernet
• Standards IEEE 802.15.4, ZigBee Alliance
Commitment to the market with products and solutions that have characteristics important to the metering segment:
• Longevity of product available
• Quality
Breath of products spanning from RF to Sensors to MCUs to MPUs
Mix & match IP allowing specific metering solutions
Enablement
• Reduce product development cost
• Improve time-to-market and time-in-market
Learn more about Freescale Solutions in Smart Metering: freescale.com/metering
32
TM