Designing and Planning Technology – Enhanced

Instruction

Chapter 2

Presented by:

Connie Everett 1/22/04

What Is a Learning Environment?

A learning environment as applied to education: includes all the conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the learner’s development.

The Learning Environment Affects Teaching

and Learning.

Dunn and Dunn (1992) completed a extensive research on matching the physical environment to individual learning styles.The learning environment includes the space and facilities in which instruction occurs.To adjust the physical learning space to maximize its compatibility with learners, it is important to first carefully identify the learning styles of the learners.

The Learning Environment continued:

The learning environment includes both tangible and intangible elements.

It will be necessary to take the time to create a systematic plan that will ensure that each step you take, whether adjusting the physical environment or altering an instructional component, adds to the effectiveness of the learning environment.

Using an Instructional Planning System

Effective instruction is instruction that has been thoroughly thought out and articulated by a skillful and creative educator.The notion of a carefully planned step by step process to design, create, evaluate and revise instruction is called a systems approach to instruction.

The Design-Plan-Act (D-P-A ) SYSTEM

Designing the instruction.

Articulating specific lesson plans

Developing an instructional action plan.

The Design Phase

Design identifies over-all goals and the steps to achieve them.An instructional design model is used to help educators in the first phase of the planning system to envision their planned instruction holistically.Using such a model as a foundation, you will ultimately be able to develop an effective lesson plan and a subsequent instructional action plan.

DID model steps:

Know the LearnersState your ObjectivesEstablish the learning environmentIdentify teaching & learning strategiesIdentify and select technologiesSummative evaluationTable 2.1 – DID Formative and Summative Feedback Loops (pg 40)

The Dynamic Instructional Design Model (DID)

The DID model is a flexible system for designing instruction.The DID model includes all of the critical elements in the design of effective instruction.The DID model sets up the curricular framework.Formative feedback occurs while the learning event is in progressSummative feedback is feedback that occurs at the conclusion of the learning event.

Using the DID Model to Plan Instruction

The model helps you ask yourself the crucial question that will improve the quality of the instructional experience for both you and your students.

Table 2.9 (pg 57) provides a template with a series of prompts to help you build your own design.

Using the DID Model to Create Lesson Plans

The systematic planning of instruction remains the foundation of effective teaching and learning.

Lesson Planning

The lesson plan provides daily guide for teachers.

It is the lesson plan that provides a day-to-day snapshot of what will happen in the classroom.

Lesson Planning continued:

Ready the Learner - Describe how you will prepare the students for the lesson.

Target Specific Objectives – State the instructional design objective that will be addressed by this lesson.

Prepare the Lesson – Describe what you need to do to prepare for the lesson.

Table 2.10- The lesson planner with examples.

The Lesson Planner: Practical Application of the DID Model

The lesson planner is the pragmatic product of the instructional design process.

Instructional Action Planning:The Instructional Action Plan (IAP)

Identifying learner preparation activities

Getting the classroom ready

Teaching-learning activities

Personal prompts

Support technologies

Getting and using feedback

Follow-up activities

Table 2.11 (pg 64)

The Instructional Action Planner

Getting Ready to Teach

Linking Planning, Learning, and Teaching

Design

Plan

Act

Design-Plan-Act! Completes the instructional systems cycle.

Design

Instructional design is the component of the process that helps you think strategically about the teaching and learning experience you are targeting.

Act

Action planning is the final step in the three-part planning process

Design-Plan-Act! Completes the instructional systems cycle.

Plan

The lesson plan brings the instructional design down to earth.

Linking Planning, Learning, and Teaching.

Just as you would carefully plan and rehearse an important speech before giving it, so too must you carefully plan and rehearse the important communication process that takes place between teacher and learner.

Planning for Technology in Teaching and Learning

All aspects of instruction benefit from careful planning, but for using technology in instruction, planning is especially critical.

A well designed learning event ensures that the appropriate technology is used.

Teachers must plan for, select, and effectively use the best technologies to support teaching and learning.

Key Terms – page 67

Bloom’s taxonomyDesign-plan-act system (D-P-A)DID modelFeedback loopsFormative feedbackInstructional action plan (IAP)Instructional design modelLearning environmentLearning strategies

Lesson plannerMediaMethodsMotivatorsPedagogyPerformance objectivesPreorganizerScaffoldingSummative feedbackSystems approachTeaching strategies

Key Theorists

Benjamin Bloom

Rita and Kenneth Dunn

Robert Gagne’

The End