Designing and Optimizing Light Protection Dairy Milk Packaging · Designing and Optimizing Light Protection Dairy Milk Packaging science of pigments & oxygen barriers used in packaging

© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company. © 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.

Designing and Optimizing Light

Protection Dairy Milk Packagingscience of pigments & oxygen barriers used in packaging

Dr. Cherie Stancik ([email protected])

The Chemours Company, Titanium Technologies Product Technology

Chestnut Run Plaza, Wilmington, DE

Presentation for:

Milk Symposium: “Provide best tasting milk by protecting it from light”

University of Minnesota – St. Paul Campus

July 20 2017

© 2017 The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Ti-Pure™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company TT, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo are trademarks of The Chemours Company.

3

Milk Qualities are Negatively Impacted by Light

NutritionHealthy

FreshnessStrong

RiboflavinVitamin D

Protein

Daily

Calcium

Youth

Restored

Calories

Athletic

Amino Acids

Vitamin A

Recommended

Growing

Vivacious

Full of life


Photooxidation Chemistry in Milk

• It is well recognized that photooxidation is the cause of

many chemical changes to milk under light exposure.

• In one of the important reaction pathways:

– Light energy excites riboflavin (RF)

– Excited RF creates reactive O2

– Reactive O2 chemically interacts with RF and other species in milk

• The results of photooxidation include:

– Degradation of many milk nutrients & species

– Decline of sensory quality

3


Packaging Can Help Preserve Milk Quality

4

Improved packages

can be designed to

protect nutrients

and sensory quality.


Consumers are Interested in Protective Packaging

Target consumers drink and serve milk primarily for the nutritional value

Target consumers are interested in packaging that will protect milk nutrition

Chemours sponsored a consumer study in 2017 surveying US women age 18 - 64

13%

53%

63%

72%

Other

It's healthier than other beverages like soda or water

We like the taste

It's nutritious

INTEREST IN A PACKAGE

THAT PROTECTS

FRESHNESS

92%INTERESTED

8%NOT INTERESTED


Chemours Light Protection Science Research

• Chemours recognized the opportunity to leverage technical

expertise in the interaction of light with materials to address the

need for light protection package design.

• The Chemours light protection science research program was

chartered with objectives to:

– Identify market opportunities for light protection packaging

– Develop methods to quantify light protection performance of packages

– Determine preferred light protection package designs to address market

needs

July 25, 2017 6


Ti-Pure™ Protect Quantifies Light Protection Performance

7

• Ti-Pure™ Protect measurement technology provides an intense

light exposure to a riboflavin (RF) solution shielded by a package.

• During the light exposure, changes to the riboflavin are tracked

and are used to determine a Light Protection Factor (LPF) for

the package.

light beamconditioned light source RF

RF analysis module

LPF determination


8

Light Protection Factor (LPF) is the Performance Metric

• LPF quantifies light protection performance of package material.

• Using LPF, targeted light protection performances can be achieved.


Validation of Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF

Chemours validated the Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF to ensure its

robustness and relevancy to predict real world packaging

performance.

– Measurement System Analysis (MSA) was applied to ensure the

statistical robustness of the measurement.

9

– Assessment of nutrient retention and

sensory quality preservation was

conducted in collaboration with Virginia

Tech for a series of packages to

demonstrate correlation of these key

properties to Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF.


Correlating Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF to Dairy Milk

• Packages of varying light protection were produced and several

bottles of each design were filled with UHT dairy milk (2% fat).

• Milk bottles were arranged in a fluorescently lit dairy case along with

foil wrapped light protected control packages.

• Milk was evaluated at intervals over the 1 month study for sensory

quality and RF nutrient preservation and both metrics showed

excellent correlation (R2 > 0.97) to Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF.

10


Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF for Package DesignAllows screening of diverse light protection materials

• Our light protection measurement technology can be applied to a

broad variety of standard and unique package designs.

• Our method uses only a small sample of packaging material allowing

for evaluation before investing in package prototyping or fabrication.


Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF for Package Design

• We can use Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF measurement

technology to guide light protection design strategies.

• Our research program has explored many variables:

– Impact of modified atmospheres

– Result of turning on / off light exposure

– Influence of package aesthetics (e.g., color)

– Performance of packaging components (e.g., labels, caps)

July 25, 2017 12


Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF for Package DesignImpact of modified atmosphere

• As oxygen is a necessary species for photooxidation,

considering the management of oxygen with packaging is

a potential strategy for mitigating changes.

13

O2

O2 (dissolved)

O2

O2O2 is present in the

package headspace,

dissolved in the milk

product, and can enter

the package from

surrounding air.

O2 (headspace)


Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF for Package DesignImpact of modified atmosphere

14

• Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF experiment conditions were adjusted and

performed under modified atmospheres (MAP).

• While MAP may provide other benefits, alternate strategies are

needed for light protection of RF.

• Further, calculations show dissolved O2 is present in milk in

excess of RF.


RF analysis module

LPF determination

MAP


Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF for Package DesignImpact of cycling light exposure

15

• Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF experiment conditions were adjusted and

performed while cycling the light exposure ON and OFF.

• The degradation of RF can be tracked during both the light on

and off conditions.


RF analysis module

LPF determination

conditioned light source RF

RF analysis module

LPF determination

Light ON

Light OFF



• When light exposure is stopped, RF degradation ceases.

• Limiting light exposure is an effective strategy for RF protection.

July 25, 2017 16

8’ ON; 1’ OFF; 1’ ON; 2’ OFF; 2’ ON; 3’ OFF; 3’ ON; 5’ OFF; 5’ ON; 2’ OFF; 8’ ON



• When only the light exposure ON time is considered the RF

decay curve is continuous following anticipated first order

decay reaction kinetics.

July 25, 2017 17


Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF for Package DesignLimiting light exposure with Package Design

• Limiting light exposure in a milk package can be achieved

with proper design including consideration of:

– Package color

– Packaging components

July 25, 2017 18


Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF for Package DesignInfluence of package aesthetics

• Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF can be used to guide and optimize materials

for light protection package design.

– Package material, color, and additives are variables to explore in package design.

– We have used designed experiments to explore targeted package design spaces.

19

TiO2wt%n

PY

19

1w

t%n

2.01.51.00.50.0

0.18

0.16

0.14

0.12

0.10

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0.00

>

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

<

60 100

100 200

200

5

5 10

10 15

15 20

20 25

25 30

30 40

40 50

50 60

AvLPFhn

Contour Plot of AvLPFhn vs PY191wt%n, TiO2wt%n

Package Formulation Space Package Performance Space

Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF

Ti-

Pu

re™

Pro

tec

t w

hit

e

Ti-Pure™ Protect yellow


Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF for Package DesignInfluence of package aesthetics

• Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF has been used to evaluate and

screen multiple colors for dairy light protection

performance and preferred designs are available to our

customers.

20


Ligh

t P

rote

ctio

n In

crea

ses

Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF for Package DesignInfluence of package aesthetics – Mapping color performance

21


Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF for Package Design

Influence of package components

• Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF can be used to assess the

components of a light protection package design.– A single package may include many components such as a base

container, label, printed graphics, seal, closure, and window.

– These components may have different light protection performances.

22


23

Summary

• Milk nutrients and sensory quality are degraded with light

exposure and consumers are interested in protective

packaging

• Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF is a new metric for package light

protection performance assessment and can be used for

package design

• Design of light protection materials for packages and

package components is possible with Ti-Pure™ Protect LPF

• A primary package constructed with light protection

materials is the best design strategy for protection


Acknowledgements

2424

Cherie Stancik, Denise Conner

Phil Niedenzu

Professor Susan Duncan & Group (Virginia Tech)Department of Food Science & Technology

Mike Milone Peter Jernakoff


For Additional Information on Ti-Pure™ Protect

• Please contact Chemours for further information:

– Dr. Cherie Stancik

[email protected]

302.683.8090

– Dr. Div Chopra

[email protected]

302.773.2583

• Please see technical literature for details:

– www.TiPureProtect.com

– http://doi.org/b9rf

25

http://www.tipureprotect.com/

http://doi.org/b9rf

Documents

Designing and Optimizing Light Protection Dairy Milk Packaging · Designing and Optimizing Light Protection Dairy Milk Packaging science of pigments & oxygen barriers used in packaging