Design Project - Final Report(Modified)

7/27/2019 Design Project - Final Report(Modified)

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AER 222 Design Project

Step Ladder

Program: AER 222

Section 03

Due Date: March 30, 2011

Names Student ID

Adam Boroniec-Maslis 500291466

Amrit Ruproy 500327571

Mark Sahadeo 500373774

Santhosh Inigo 500379354

Steven Forys 500397000


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Abstract

Our group has designed a stool for airplanes that will be mounted every third row to

accommodate shorter or elderly travelers and flight attendants to allow easier access to

the overhead compartments. The stool will be able to hold up to 300 pounds. Our

design is mounted to the bottom of the airplane aisle seat and slides out into the aisle

as needed. The stool will not only serve as an aid to access the overhead

compartments, but will also take a lot of the lifting off the flight attendants and will allow

passengers to be seated quicker.


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Table of Contents

Abstract.1

Table of Figures.....3

1.0 Introduction.....4

2.0 Review of Existing Designs.5

3.0 Design Parameters.............................................7

4.0 Detailed Design..9

5.0 Conclusions ..13

6.0 Future Design Considerations.14

7.0 References15

Appendix..16


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Table of Figures

Figure 4.1 Closed Position............9

Figure 4.2 Open Position...9

Figure 4.3 Main Step.10

Figure 4.4 Roller10

Figure 4.5 Brass Bushing11

Figure 4.6 Guide Bracket.11

Figure 4.7Magnetic Strip12

Figure 4.8 Assembled Step Ladder...12

Figure 8.1 Concept 1 Foldable Stool.....16

Figure 8.2 Concept 3 - Initial Design Prototype.....16


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1.0 Introduction

Carry-on luggage has always posed an issue for older or shorter passengers and flight

attendants to stow away in the overhead compartment. To overcome this continual

struggle, we must come up with a solution that is both effective and economical. The

design must allow passengers and flight attendants to access the overhead

compartment quickly and easily without causing too much of an obstruction. The design

needs to be small so that it does not take up too much space in the already compact

cabin, which poses the problem of where it will be stored. It will need to be cost-

effective so it can be easily implemented and not incur too much of an extra expense for

the airlines. Weight is always an issue on planes, so the design will be light-weight, but

strong enough for a 300 lb person. Dealing with this issue will allow for everyone on the

plane to leave with a better overall experience.


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2.0 Review of Existing Designs

Available Market Products

After searching for other products that allow easier access to overhead

compartments, it has become clear that there are no other products that are out

there, or if they are out there, they are extremely hard to find. Because of this our

team has been tasked to come up with three individual ideas. Out of these three

the best one will be chosen and then broken down and improved on.

Possible Solutions

The Team broke down into three groups to solve this issue so that we would

have three totally separate ideas. This would open up new ideas and help make

improvements on the chosen design. By working all three concepts into the main

design, the final concept would have evolved by incorporating the best of each

design.

Concept 1:

This was basically a foldable step ladder. 12 high, 9 wide and 9deep.

The only issue with this is that it would have to be either stored in the

overhead compartment (which is the issue we are trying to solve) or be

stored in the magazine compartment in front of the seat. This would

cause a problem for the person who is sitting on the aisle seat whenever

anyone needs to use the stool. (see Figure 8.1 in the Appendix)

Concept 2:

This was going to be a small step that was foldable into the side of the

chair when not in use, and would be on a quick release button. The

problem with this is that it was not esthetically pleasing, and may cause

injury due to the moving parts.


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Concept 3:

This is a series of steps that would be stored under the seat. They could

be pulled out by slipping your foot into a slot and pulling backwards. This

was the optimal choice. (see Figure 8.2 in the Appendix)


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3.0 Design Parameters

Design Objective:

The design object is to keep the ladder as light as possible, to support load of

300 lbs, to fit compactly under the seat and to be easily extracted at any time.

Funct ional Requirements:

Convenience:

Having a ladder attached under every seat provides every passenger with the

convenience of pulling it out instantly to access their overhead baggage space. It

also avoids the extra space required for storing a large number of ladders at acentral space. The ladder can be easily pulled out using the slot.

Safety:

A locking mechanism was designed to prevent the ladder from moving when the

person is standing on it. To prevent the ladder from extending when it is not on

use we have included a magnet that keeps the ladder safely retracted during

banking or turbulence. The assembly was rigidly fixed to the seat to prevent it

coming out during turbulence, landing and take-off. The edges of the ladder were

rounded to prevent accidental injury to the passengers.

Cost:

Since airlines have to buy the ladders in large numbers, commercially available

aluminum alloy was used for major parts to minimize the material cost. The

ladder was designed to with minimal parts without losing functionality.


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Constraints:

Dimensional Constraints:

Considering the space available under the seat closest to the aisle, 9.125inchwidth, 12 inch length, and 11.875 inch height were selected as the overall

dimensions for the ladder. The ladder when fully extended will protrude only 9

inches into the aisle so that it is well within the normal aisle width of 17 inches.

This constraint allowed us to change our original design of a 2 step stool, to a

single step. With a single step we would be able to maximize the use of the

space under the seat for leg room.

Weight Constraints:

The material selected for major parts of the ladder was aluminum to keep it as

light as possible. The bushings are made of brass and the rollers are made of

steel, we chose a stronger material because these points bear the most stress

and they have to able to support a load of 300lbs. The thickness was kept to a

minimum for the same purpose.

Design Variables:

We had the wide variety of materials to choose from to make our ladder. The

shape of the ladder could be done in different ways and number of steps could

be varied. The mechanism to pull the ladder could have been a handle instead of

a slot. The locking mechanism of the ladder could either be spring loaded balls ora block that restricts motion beyond a certain point. The rollers were included

later in the design for smooth operation. The magnet could have been omitted

but it was included to provide additional locking force.


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4.0 Detailed design

The ladder assembly is fitted to a frame which is attached under the seat of the plane. It has

two guides which are fixed to the frame with three bolts on each side. The guides also have

two holes in which spring loaded balls are provided. The ladder is shaped like an inverted L

and the top surface slides into the guides. The sliding faces have holes in them into which

the balls are pushed in by the spring. This keeps the ladder locked in its initial position. A

magnet is provided on the face of the ladder so that it holds on to the frame by the magnetic

force in the initial position. This provides additional locking force to prevent the ladder from

sliding out. A slot is provided on the vertical face of the ladder to enable pulling by hand.

When the ladder is pulled the balls slide into the holes of the guides and when the first set

of holes in the ladder reaches the second set of holes in the guides the balls slide into the

holes in the ladder and the ladder is locked in the extended position. The distance between

the two sets of holes in the guide controls the maximum movement of the ladder which is 6

inches.

When the ladder is in the locked position it projects out of the guides by 3 inches. When it isfully extended the ladder will have a flat surface 9 inches long and 12 inches wide for a

person to step on. The vertical face of the ladder has two brass bushings fitted at the

bottom which house two rollers to support the load of the person and also to provide friction

free movement of the ladder.

The outer shape of the frame will vary according to the shape of the seat. It is made of steel

to support the whole assembly but it is made of thin gauge to keep the weight to a

minimum. The guides and ladder are made of aluminum alloy to reduce the weight. The

bushes for the rollers are made of brass to provide wear resistance for the movement of the

rollers. The rollers are made of steel to support 300lbs of load. The top surface of the ladderis provided with a diamond shaped embossing to prevent the person from slipping and to

provide strength to the ladder face. (Detailed Drawings are provided to illustrate the above

description)

Figure 4.1 Closed position Figure 4.2 Open position


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Components

Figure 4.3

Main step

Figure 4.4 - Roller


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Figure 4.5 Brass Bushing

Figure 4.6 Guide Bracket


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Assembled Step Ladder

Figure 4.7 Magnetic Strip

Figure 4.8 Assembled Step Ladder


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5.0 Conclusions

In conclusion, our group has carefully planned out the details of an aircraft step ladder.

This part will benefit the short, the elderly, and flight attendants by allowing quicker and

easier access to the overhead compartments. Those who do not use the step ladder will

also benefit since the aisles will be cleared faster. The site of the step ladder will be

permanently fixed below the aisle seat and will be able to slide out for use. This design

will not hinder the person on the aisle seat since it does not take away their feet space.


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6.0 Future Design Considerations

A modified locking mechanism can be considered as a part of future consideration,

where spring loaded ball bearing may be replaced to improve the efficiency of design. In

the present case, ball bearings may need to be lubricated every now and then to

prevent friction and wear out of guide bracket; however a substitution can be done inplace of magnet and ball bearing. Simply, two pneumatic cylinders can be added to the

mechanism which guides and controls the movement of ladder. To ease the

accessibility for passengers, foot controlled switch can be installed on the floor which

automatically triggers the pneumatic cylinders and pushes the ladder inside/outside

without hassling the travelers.

Another option perhaps can be considered is to use rack and pinion. A DC motor can be

connected to a spur gear and rack gear will be attached to the frame of chair as shown

below. This setup converts rotational motion into linear motion and allows the step

ladder to move in and out.


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7.0 References

"Boeing: Commercial Airplanes - 747 Classics Technical Specs." The Boeing Company.

Web. 31 Mar. 2011.http://www.boeing.com/commercial/747family/pf/pf_classics.html

Bo Tan. "Design Project Instruction." Blackboard Learn. Web. 31 Mar. 2011.

https://my.ryerson.ca/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_group=courses&url=/webapps/bl

ackboard/content/contentWrapper.jsp?attachment=true&navItem=content&content_id=_

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nt/_1430522_1/design%2520project%2520instruction.docx

Shahid Kamran. "Catia Laboratory Manual." Blackboard Learn. Web. 31 Mar. 2011.

https://my.ryerson.ca/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_group=courses&url=/webapps/bl

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Appendix:

-Drawings/Drafts

Figure 8.2 Concept 3 Initial Design Prototype

Figure 8.1 Concept 1 Foldable stool

Documents

Design Project - Final Report(Modified)