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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 9, Issue 12, December 2018, pp. 193–198, Article ID: IJCIET_09_12_023
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=12
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
©IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
DESIGN PLANNING OF MICRO-HYDRO
POWER PLANT IN JANGAILULU RIVER
Nurmaiyasa Marsaoly
Civil Engineering Department, Khairun University, Ternate, Indonesia
Zulkarnain K Misbah
Civil Engineering Department, Khairun University, Ternate, Indonesia
Sofyan Samad
Agriculture Department, Universitas Khairun, Ternate, Indonesia
Mufti Amir Sultan
Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Khairun, Ternate, Indonesia
ABSTRACT
Jangailulu village is a village that has not been reached by PLN, so people still
use diesel fuel as a fuel for generators. Whereas in the village, there is potential for
discharge and high fall which can be used as a Micro Hydro Power Plant (PLTMH).
The PLTMH is planned to use a water level regulator (weir) that directs the flow to
the intake channel and flows back towards the Jangailulu River. To determine the
design debit using a mainstay discharge with a probability of 90%. The discharge is
then used to determine the hydraulic design of the carrier channel. Also, weirs are
also needed to raise the water level. Determination of turbines using a graph of the
ratio of height to fall and discharge. The results of Q90 discharge calculation = 0.650
m3 /s. The dam is planned with a width of 18 m and a height of 1.5 m. With a height
falling of 8 m, the Jangailulu MHP uses a turbine propeller. The power generated
from Jangailulu MHP is 33.39 kW
Key words: micro hydro, electric power, turbine, mainstay discharge
Cite this Article: Nurmaiyasa Marsaoly, Zulkarnain K Misbah, Sofyan Samad, Mufti
Amir Sultan, Design Planning of Micro-Hydro Power Plant in Jangailulu River,
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) 9(12), 2018, pp.
193–198.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=9&IType=12
1. INTRODUCTION
The availability of electrical energy has a strategic position in supporting development,
especially in rural areas, to transform or change from an agrarian society to a more agro-
industrial society. The West Halmahera District Government has established several policies,
Design Planning of Micro-Hydro Power Plant in Jangailulu River
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namely the construction of electricity supply facilities in undeveloped areas, the construction
of electricity in remote areas, and rural electricity development. Indonesia has the potential of
hydro potential for hydroelectric power and mini/micro hydro power plants spread throughout
Indonesia with a total estimate of 75,000 MW. However, only about 9% of the potential is
exploited in the form of large-scale power plants and small-scale power plants [1].
The potential of micro hydro power plants is large enough to be developed. Many small
rivers have a lot of energy to be exploited by electrification of hydropower, from pico-hydro
to micro-hydro scales. Especially in Indonesia, on many islands. their country has great
potential to use micro-hydro in many rivers and high rainfall because many parts of Indonesia
are located on the equator [2]. Mini Hydro is an economical choice for rural electrification
compared to other renewable energy sources such as solar and windMini Hydro is an
economical choice for rural electrification compared to other renewable energy sources such
as solar and wind.[3]
Based on AHP fuzzy, which involves a new procedure for aggregating expert opinions.
Several selection criteria that are suitable for Indonesia are also introduced. Hydropower is
found to be the best renewable energy source, followed by geothermal, solar, wind energy and
biomass. Several selection criteria that are suitable for Indonesia are also introduced.
Hydropower is found to be the best renewable energy source, followed by geothermal, solar,
wind energy and biomass. based on AHP fuzzy, which involves a new procedure for
aggregating expert opinions. Several selection criteria that are suitable for Indonesia are also
introduced. Hydropower is found to be the best renewable energy source, followed by
geothermal, solar, wind energy and biomass. [4]
Microhydro Power Plant (MHP) is a form of local primary energy utilization, which is
usually built in remote areas that are not covered by the PLN electricity network. The
utilization of hydraulic energy is, in fact, recognized at the international level. Paish states that
where hydropower resources exist, experience has shown that no way is more cost-effective,
reliable, and environmentally friendly to provide power than a hydropower system. [5]
From an economical perspective, the operation of a Mini / Micro hydro generator is more
efficient than other renewable energy sources such as wind or sun. Solar cells convert about
10% to 12% of direct light energy into electrical energy while micro-hydro units have
efficiencies between 60% and 90%. From an economic point of view, also considering the
operating costs of a power plant, the return period is good. Research shows that small-scale
renewable energy systems are cost-effective for both private and government entities [6]
2. METHODOLOGY
2.1. Topographic Survey
Topographic surveys and measurements are carried out to obtain an overview of the locations
of the PLTMH buildings and as a basis for determining the capacity, type of
generator/building and the volume of buildings to be carried out. Work Site Investigation is
carried out in conjunction with topographic study activities and measurement of river
discharge where this work includes:
Collecting data on potential water, demographic and territorial resources, socio-economic data
and electrification in the area of feasibility study and implementation of Participatory Rural
Appraisal (PRA) activities.
Measuring the location contour, determining the height and slope of the rapid pipeline,
determining the position of weir, waterway, and tailrace.
Describe the generator layout and the length of the rapid pipe to be used.
Nurmaiyasa Marsaoly, Zulkarnain K Misbah, Sofyan Samad, Mufti Amir Sultan
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Determine waterway traces, rapid pipelines, and other buildings.
Measuring instantaneous water discharge using the current meter and looking for information
on flood and discharge during the dry season.
2.1. Data Collection Technique
In this study, the authors used rainfall data and river discharge data as reference data. Rainfall
data is obtained from the closest rainfall observation station to the research location, namely
the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) Sultan Babullah Ternate.
Rainfall data were taken in the form of maximum monthly daily data from 2008 - 2017. while
the river discharge data is taken directly at the study location.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Social Condition
The development of micro-hydro power plant took place in the Jangailulu district. The district
is 50 km away from city of Jailolo at the coordinates 01˚55’41” S to 127˚44’52” E, at position
1700 m high from sea level. The official resource has mentioned that 292 people live in the
villages.
3.2. Flood Debit Plans
The method of determining the planned flood discharge will be carried out by the Nakayasu
synthetic unit hydrograph method, the results of the recapitulation are presented in the
following table 1:
Table 1 Design Flood Discharge Reconstruction
Repeat Period (year)
Flood Discharge Design
(m3/s)
Q5 78.70
Q10 89.37
Q20 97.68
Q50 119.10
Q100 126.83
3.2. Mainstay Debit
To get the capacity of a Micro Hydro Power Plant (PLTMH), it cannot be separated from the
calculation of how much water can be used to generate MHP. Mainstay discharge is a debit
that is still possible for the operational security of a water building, in this case, MHP. The
results of the recapitulation are presented in the following table 2:
Table 2. Jangailulu River Debit Recapitulation
Probabilitas (%)
Jangailulu River Debit (m
3/s)
10 2.5
26 1.92
51 1.35
75 0.84
90 0.65
Design Planning of Micro-Hydro Power Plant in Jangailulu River
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3.3. Dam Building Design
For PLTH Jangailulu Planning, the Q50th flood discharge is 119.10 m3/s. The dam is planned
to have a lighthouse of 1.5 m, and the width of the river is planned to be 18 m, with a width of
1 m rinse door and one meter thick. Dam specifications can be seen in table 1 and fig. 1.
Table 3. Dam Specification (Civil Building)
Component
Specification
Construction Weir
Overflow Ogee Type
Rinse Door Steel Plate
Building Material Stone Masonry
Figure 1. Dam specifications
3.3. Sedative Pool Design
The purpose of the sedimentary tank is as a place to relax and settle. Forebay is the place
where the start of a fast pipe (penstock) controls the minimum flow, in anticipation of the
rapid flow of the turbine, without reducing excessive elevation and causing backflow on the
channel. Calm is equipped with a filter (trash rack) and runoff.
Table 4. Sedative Specification (Dam Building)
Component
Specification
Construction Stone Masonry
Length 3.5 m
Wide 2.5 m
Qmin 0.65 m3/s
Figure 2. Sedative pool
Nurmaiyasa Marsaoly, Zulkarnain K Misbah, Sofyan Samad, Mufti Amir Sultan
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3.4. Rapid Pipeline Design
Rapid pipeline (penstock) serves as a discharge carrier channel from the sediment to the
turbine. Rapid pipelines are planned using PVC pipes. Rapid pipe specifications as in table 5.
The rapid pipe length from the dam to the turbine is in accordance with the Jailulu river long
section as shown in Figure 3
Table 5. Rapid Pipeline Specifications
Component Specification
Construction PVC
Diameter 0.5 m
Length 25 m
Qmin 0.65 m3/s
Figure 3. Long Section Jangailulu River
3.5. Selection of Turbines
Classification of turbines based on effective fall height, discharge and specific speed (Ns),
then Olung Siron MHP uses Kaplan turbines (Fixed Blade Propeller).
Table 6. Turbine Specifications
Component Specification
Type Fixed Blade Propeller
Diameter Runner 0.48 m
Head 8.00 m
Mainstay Debit 0.65 m3/s
Power 33.39 kW
Efficiency 0.85
4. CONCLUSIONS
The result of water supply measurement in Jangailulu River shows that maximum flow rate is
0.65 m3/s. With head about 8 m, the hydraulic potency is equal to 33.39 kW. Design planning
of micro-hydro in Jangailulu River includes hydraulic potency, generator and turbine, power
house, and overhead distribution lines.. Turbine Fixed Blade Propeller is chosen to be coupled
with 3 phase synchronous generators to produce electrical energy about 33.39 kW
Design Planning of Micro-Hydro Power Plant in Jangailulu River
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REFERENCES
[1] Kencono, A.E., Nugroho, D., Handbook of energy and economic statistics of
Indonesia,.Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Republik of Indonesia, Jakarta
2015.
[2] Erinofiardia, P. Gokhale, A.Datea, A. Akbarzadeha, P. Bismantolob, A.F.Suryonob, A.K.
Mainilb, A. Nuramal, “A review on micro hydropower in Indonesia,” 1st International
Conference on Energy and Power, ICEP2016, Melbourne, Australia, 2016.
[3] Laghari JA, Mokhlis H, Bakar AHA, Hasmaini Mohammad. A comprehensive overview
of new designs in the hydraulic, electrical equipments and controllers of mini hydro power
plants making it cost effective technology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review,
20, pp.279-293
[4] A. Tasri, A.Susilawati, Selection Among Renewable Energy Alternatives Based on Fuzzy
Analytic Hierarchy Process in Indonesia, Sustainable Energy Technologies and
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[5] Paish, O. Small hydro power: Technology and current status, Renew. Sustain. Energy
Rev. Vol 6, pp.537–556, 2002
[6] K. Kasukana, A survey of innovative technologies increasing the viability of micro-
hydropower as a cost-effective rural electrification option in South Africa, Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews Vol. 37, pp.370–379; 2014
