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Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
DESIGN OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
INDIA
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
CENSUS OF INDIA SURVEY 2001
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
POPULATION OUTBURST
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
8 % Average GDP Growth
Vibrant and fastest growing
Free Market Democracy
Spirit of enterprise
Rising incomes and Booming
markets
Young population driving
demand
Improved image for products
and services from India
INDIA 2010 …
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
VIBRANT DEMOCRACY
• A remarkable Constitution,
well developed democratic
institutions
• An independent judiciary.
• An alert free media and
• Active non-government
organizations
• Fiercely independent press
comprising 5000 dailies,
16000 weeklies, 6000
fortnightlies, radio and TV
channels
• A billion people, speak 18
different languages, worship
different Gods, and
celebrate different festivals
• Electoral process involves
670 million voters, requiring
4.5 million election
officials. Electronic voting
machines ensure paperless
voting, saving 8000 tonnes
of paper and several
thousand trees. • Source: www.ibef.org
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
INDIA’s DEVELOPMENT FOCUS
• Infrastructure development
• Information Technology
• Transport
• Over 45000 kms of new
highways by 2015
• Over 90,000 MW of power
generation capacity
• Over 250 million telecom
subscribers by 2010
• 1000 million tonnes of
cargo handling capacity
• Upgradation and
modernization of 114
international and national
airports to handle 100
million passengers anually
by 2014
• Indian Railways passenger
carrying capacity to touch
9000 million per annum by
2014.
• Source: www.ibef.org
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Globalising India - from protection to competition
Threat of imports to Indian industry
Limited presence of Indian brands to take on transnational /
multinational brands’ competition
New Developments: Designs Act 2000
Patents Act (Amendment) 1999
Intellectual Property Rights Regime
Strategies to strengthen industry In the global marketplace
Manufacturing Driven by Labour costs or Productivity
Technology Driving human choices globally
Quality International bench marks
IN THE COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT
CHANGING ROLE OF DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
The new value Indian middle class consumer
has become more conscious about design &
THE NEW VALUE INDIAN CONSUMER
Quality of life
through better products
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design and Sustainability
Challenges and Opportunities
Minimising Resources
Choosing Low Impact Resources
Optimising Product Life
Extending Material Life
Simplifying Disassembly
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design and Sustainability
Challenges and Opportunities
Minimising Resources
minimizing material consumption
minimising energy consumption
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
New Design Methods
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
New Design Methods: Introduction
Natural science paradigm to the humanities paradigm Digitalization in the 1990s. Design concepts for hardware and software required empirical testing
Relevance of Alexander's Pattern Language
The linearity of design processes was abandoned. (problem - analysis - solution)
The focus shifted to the stratified nature of users' needs and interests
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Mind Mapping
Most radical departure from linear or diverse feedback mechanisms. Developed by Tony Buzan in the 1970s (Buzan 1991, 2002). Designed to assist in structuring problems, product development, and process planning.
When linear thinking is abandoned, intuitive leaps and innovative ideas and products often result.
The interactive nature of this method provides for extremely versatile problem descriptions and thus holds great potential for innovation.
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
The Scenario Technique
In the field of project and product planning, the hypothetical sequence of events constructed to take into account causal connections. E.g.
- How will people live in the future?
- Which products for the future way of life?
- How and where will these be produced?
- How will the sale of these products be changed (by new technologies)?
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Mood Charts
To visualize the life-worlds of users (their mood).
The market fields in which companies are active.
Then serves as the context for the work of design.
Useful for internal communication
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Empirical Methods
At the decline of postmodernism, design could not rely on creative or clever designs.
Companies wanted (and had) to be certain long before launching new products that these would find acceptance among potential customers. The processes developed for this purpose are finding increasing application for both products (hardware) and software (interfaces).
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Target Group Determination through
Milieus Traditional socio-demographic characteristics (age, education, gender, income, and place of residence) have become largely irrelevant, so now the point is to determine and categorize the habits of the target groups (which indeed run along different lines than classical characteristics).
In his work of cultural sociology, Erlebniswelten (Worlds of Experience), Gerhard Schulze (1992) combined such life-worlds into what he called "milieus."
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Product Clinics
Method is to present new products to a series of test subjects (potential buyers)
To question them from various perspectives.
This can be done using sketches or renderings, preliminary or final models, computer-simulated models, or even prototypes.
The questions scientifically designed so that the results can be verified and compared.
Product clinics can produce reliable results using even relatively small random samples (of five to eight subjects).
Designs must be judged in their respective (future) contexts.
Product Clinics
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Product Clinics
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
NID Non-Intentional Design
The Cologne-based design professor Uta Brandes (1999, 2000)
pursues a completely different kind of empiricism, investigating
the question of how products are actually used after they have
been purchased.
Things do not actually receive their real meaning until they are
used.
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Collaborative Design
collaborative design,
co-creation,
codesign,
participatory design.
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
In Norway, Sweden and Denmark, the Collective Resource Approach was established to increase the value of industrial production by engaging workers in the development of new systems for the workplace.
Eric von Hippel (2005) works with “lead users” in co-creative activities. Lead users are people who have already explored innovative ways to get things done and who are willing to share their approaches with others.
Collaborative Design
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
“The meaning of value and the process of value creation are rapidly shifting from a product- and firm-centric view to personalized consumer experiences. Informed, networked, empowered and active consumers are increasingly co-creating value with the firm.” (Prahalad and Ramaswamy, 2004). Jungk’s observation that “participation at the moment of idea generation” and “participation at the moment of decision” is gaining in interest.
Collaborative Design
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
EMERGING TRENDS IN DESIGN RESEARCH
changes over time in the landscape of design research
Elizabeth B.-N. Sanders, Ph.D.
Peter Kwok Chan, Ph.D.
Department of Industrial, Interior and Visual
Communication Design, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN
Ravi Mokashi Punekar
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati / /Dept. Of Design / India
Design at IIT Guwahati DIVERSITY AND DESIGN