Design for EngineeringDesign for Engineering

The Universal Systems ModelThe Universal Systems Model2006 Greg HeitkampThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0402616. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author's and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National Science Foundation (NSF).

The Universal System ModelsThe Universal System Models

The four components of the The four components of the Universal Universal Systems ModelSystems Model are: are:• InputInput – What is put into the system – What is put into the system• Output Output – What comes out of the input – What comes out of the input

and processand process• ProcessProcess – All the activity that is required – All the activity that is required

and take place to get the desired result.and take place to get the desired result.• FeedbackFeedback – The reaction of the input, – The reaction of the input,

output and process of a system. Used to output and process of a system. Used to reinforce or alter the elements of a reinforce or alter the elements of a systemsystem

Transportation example:Transportation example:Sub System Cruise ControlSub System Cruise Control

Steering Wheel Control

Clutch PedalSwitch

Brake PedalSwitch

Vacuum ControlValve

Allows theComputer to

Reset Valve

Cable toThrottleValve

InputCruise Control

ComputerSet speed

ProcessVacuum Actuator

Vehicle Speed Signal

FeedbackThrottle Position

SensorOutput

Throttle ValveControl Speed

Provides Constant

Speed

Communication SystemCommunication SystemE-mailE-mail

InputEmail

ProcessSend email over Internet

to receiver's mailbox

Output Receiver gets E-mail

FeedbackReceiver decides

what to do with e-mail

ComputerMonitor

Keyboard

ElectricityCPU

Email goes ThroughInternet

Typing

E-mail Getsread

Not answer Save for later

Answer

Construction SystemConstruction SystemBookcaseBookcase

Plans

Tools

Capital

Materials

Wood,Screws,Nails,Glue

Input

Hammer,Saw, Clamps,Screw drivers

Process

Gluing

SawingBuilding

OutputFeedbackFinished Bookcase

CorrectFinish

Sawdust

PaintingStaining

MeasuringPlanning

Noise

Sawing Hammering

Waste

Correct Size

Right TypeOf Wood

SmoothFinish

MedicalMedicalStress testStress test

Input

OutputFeedback

Process

TestingEquipment

Patient

TestFacility

WalkingOn

Treadmill

Electrodes measure

heart rate X-raytaken

Results are good

ResultsAre bad

Results are

Incomplete

PatientGets tired

fromworkout

Test ResultsAre Collected

Equipment Works to get

test results

Barium Dye injected for

X-ray

Time for Waiting for

test

TestDoes Not

Work

Doctor NurseX-ray

Technician

Standards AddressedStandards Addressed

Standard 2. Students will develop an Standard 2. Students will develop an understanding of the core concepts understanding of the core concepts of technology.of technology.• W. Systems thinking applies logic and W. Systems thinking applies logic and

creativity with appropriate compromises creativity with appropriate compromises in complex real-life problems.in complex real-life problems.

• X. Systems, which are the building X. Systems, which are the building blocks within larger technological, blocks within larger technological, social, and environmental systems.social, and environmental systems.

Standards Addressed ContinuedStandards Addressed Continued

• Y. The stability of a technological system Y. The stability of a technological system is influenced by all of the components of is influenced by all of the components of a system, especially those in the a system, especially those in the feedback loop. feedback loop.

Standard 14: Students will develop an Standard 14: Students will develop an understanding of and be able to select understanding of and be able to select and use medical technologies.and use medical technologies.

• K. Medical technologies include K. Medical technologies include prevention and rehabilitation, medical prevention and rehabilitation, medical and surgical procedures, genetic and surgical procedures, genetic engineering, and the systems within engineering, and the systems within which is protected and maintainedwhich is protected and maintained