Design – Chapter 1

• Is not research!

• Verb: invent, intend, devise

• Noun: drawing, arrangement, pattern, plan, pattern, art of making designs

• Involves devices, processes, re-engineering, systems, optimization, regulations, finances, innovation, invention, entrepreneurship, etc.

Basics

• Who?

• What? ####

• Where?

• When?

• Why?

• How? Your job.

Design: National Academy of Science

• Product refers to hardware, service, or mission.

• Process refers to the means by which a product is manufactured and supported

• Development refers to the refinement of products and processes to correct problems. (Re-engineering, sometimes reverse engineering, …)

Design: NAS

1. Mission requirements analysis/Product system strategy

- high level engineering analysis

- requirements definition

Design: NAS

2. Product specification

- product strategy

- voice of the customer!!! (QFD, etc.)

- environment (EPA) & regulatory (FDA!!!)

- planned product specification

Design: NAS

3. Concept development

- target setting (cost, schedule, performance, etc.)

- brainstorming on product & process alternatives

- development of product and process concepts.

Design: NAS

4. Preliminary Product and/or Process design

- high level definition of product and process designs

- evaluation of same v. targets

- high level system trade-offs

Design: NAS

5. Refinement & verification of detail product and process designs

- development of designs for components, subsystems & manufacturing

- Geometry creation

- prediction & evaluation of attributes

- tracking & trade-offs

Design: NAS

6. System Prototype Development- experimental evaluation of attributes that do not meet target values

7. Preparation for production- refine process for manufacture

8. Production, Testing, Certification, Delivery

9. Operation, support, decommissioning, disposal

Not mentioned

• Retracing if problem ill defined• Excessive documentation• Human patients, animal studies,

permissions• Design is often iterative• Delving into already patented info bases• Teamwork, finances, reality• Watch Junkyard Wars – Wed PM

Fundamental Design Tools

Chapter 2

Paul King

Brainstorming

• Five to fifteen individuals

• Discussion leader restates problem and reiterates rules of discussion

• Individuals suggest ideas

• Evaluate ideas at conclusion of discussion

• Useful for new ideas / deadlock

• Drawback: relies on willingness to speak up

Class Design Problem

Ear Wax

Method 635

• Six individuals

• Each individual writes down three ideas

• Tablets are exchanged and the ideas are elaborated on or new ideas are generated

• Five exchanges take place

• Useful in its systematic approach and large numbers of ideas

• Drawback: isolation, no group synergy

Delphi Model

• Polling process• Expert panel generates starting points• Suggestions are regrouped and returned

to panelists• Resultant response list is reordered and

evaluated• Useful in situations where future of

process is of concern• Drawback: relies on high response rate

Synetics

• Problem is presented to a small group

• Group familiarizes itself with the problem

• Analogies of terms are examined and relationships forced

• Useful when problem to be solved has an analogy and group is willing to explore bizarre trains of thought

Class Design Example

Right to left heart shunt that needs to be closed – minimally invasive technology.

When doing catheterization, need to go with the flow…

Cannon drops when rapidly fired.

Need to get a ladder through a small space and up in an alleyway.

Web-based and Print Literature

• Web-based search engines

• Amazon.com – search for recent books

• U.S. Patent and Trademark site – search for granted or pending patents (www.uspto.gov)

• Trade magazines – product design (see my web site under Vanth.)

Simple Process Charts

Flowcharting

http://vubme.vuse.vanderbilt.edu/king/flowhcarting/ppt

Clinic Flow Charts

Flowcharts with Decision Points

Selection Chart

Evaluation Chart

Objective Tree

Quality Function Deployment Diagrams (QFD)

TRIZ

• Method of reducing design process to a step-by-step procedure

• As difficulty increases, number of solution increases

• Different themes of transition have finite variations

• Negative interactions between desired functions