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Design and startup of a decoupled aquaponic system for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Design considerations, challenges and practical tips
About LandIng:
● Founded in 2014 by Rob van de Ven (Wageningen University) ● Re-structured in 2016, with Carlos Alberto Espinal (UB, UAB, UPC)
joining ● Aquaculture engineering and consultancy:
○ Market studies
○ Feasibility studies
○ Design and engineering
○ Procurement and supply
○ Construction and commissioning
● Main areas so far ○ Indoor shrimp farming (biofloc and RAS)
○ Aquaponic systems
○ Hatcheries (tilapia, shrimp, trout, eel)
○ Research, pilot and proof-of-concept systems
Background
Salmon smolt RAS Lettuce and herbs Local production
of fish and herbs Unused building Pilot project
Pilot aquaponic system
Several plant growing
systems
Coupled-decoupled
Nutrient use
Adapted to existing
infrastructure
The goal
-Bioplan -Reviewing site -Establishing main dimensions of system (RAS, tanks, plant culture) and cost
Conceptual Engineering
Stage
Main
tasks
Results
-Feasibility of the project at location -Possible challenges ahead
Front-End Engineering (FEE)
-Sizing components -Finalising designs -Detailing budgets
-”Final” design -Lists of materials
Procurement
-Contacting suppliers -Placing purchase orders -Coordinating transport logistics
-Equipment deliveries on site
Detailed Engineering and Pre-construction
-Assembling the installation team -Finalising detailed construction drawings -Liaising with contractors - Final purchases
Construction
-Arrival on site -Construction drawings and planning
Startup
-Assembly of RAS, pipework, tanks, hydroponics, monitoring systems, sludge treatment -Coordinating with contractors
-Finished system
-Starting biofilter maturation - Performing tests and small fixes -Training the client and staff
-Project closing -After sales support
The process
Feed load: 22kg Stocking density: 45 kg/m3 Mass balance: 50-60 m3/h Full salmonid RAS --> hydroponic system
installed in available area (~120m2) Challenges:
Poor baseline information Low roof clearance - CO2 degassing
needs pumping 1-2 meters Cramped spaces
Solutions: Design creativity (at this point)
Advice: Gather good baseline data!
Conceptual Engineering
• Salmonid RAS Flow requirements Size of equipment
• Maximised plant growing area Three levels of NFTs, DWCs and 5 levels
grow mats • Sludge treatment
Drum filter sludge aerobic mineralisation
• Coupling and decoupling possible • Important details: new water supply,
emergency oxygen, electrics, monitoring system
Front-End Engineering (FEE)
Front-End Engineering (FEE)
Challenges: 1.How to include a degasser in the RAS loop? 2.How to use sludge? 3.Using used equipment to save costs? 4.Flexibility vs simplicity
Front-End Engineering (FEE)
Detailed Engineering and Pre-construction
Detailed Engineering and Pre-construction
Expensive in the long run? Fit for purpose?
How far does the project need to be modified?
Biosecurity? Guarantees? Risk of
malfunction/downtime?
Used equipment
Detailed Engineering and Pre-construction
Simplicity Less capacity to decide what to do
with the water Automation can simplify a system
Mechanical and analog switches are simpler
Electronic monitoring is complex at first sight
System performance is more or less fixed
KISS principle is (almost) never bad
Flexibility Flexible production
More intensive water treatment More complex system
Reusing nutrients and waste A whole new filtration
component More control over power
consumption Steeper learning curve
Final tips
• Planning
• Make trade-offs
• Find the right people
• Communication
• Allow for flexibility
• Don’t compromise on water flow
• Solids removal
• Ventilation – Humidity control
• Energy balances
• Do the math
Thank you!