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JIEE Časopis priemyselnej elektrotechniky
Journal of Industrial Electrical Engineering
ISSN 2454-0900
www.jiee.eu
vol:2 (2018) issue: 1 8
Design and implementation control of
intelligent building
1Mário BARDOŇ,
2Anna HODUÍKOVÁ
1,2 Department of Theoretical and Industrial Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical
Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Košice, Slovak republic
Abstract — The article focuses on the design and implementation of an intelligent building. Several
companies deals with the realization of such home, that offer their own products and solutions to simply and
efficiently build a new or rebuild the old house into an intelligent building. Companies that offer solutions in
this area have a higher quality and sophistication, but its price is higher. Our effort was to create a smart
home that would be more affordable. For the management of the intelligent system is necessary the "heart",
which controls the whole house. We decided to use the Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller in our project. We
connected the house to the Internet using ethernet shield. This link allowed us to create a web page that can
be used to control individual systems and also inform us about the different states of intelligent elements. Our
model includes intelligent lighting controlled via the Internet, button or by motion. Other systems are
intelligent blinds controlled automatically by external lighting or manually. Opening and closing the garage
door can also be via the Internet or via the RF remote control. As a safety element we used a sensor to
capture dangerous gases in the room, and in case of danger an audible alarm sounds. Another system is an
intelligent roof that comes out or slides when it is raining. Each room has a temperature sensor that records
the temperature and these values are displayed on the website. The use of Arduino in this model was
sufficient to control all intelligent systems.
Keywords — Arduino, Ethernet shield, Intelligent garage, Intelligent house, Intelligent lighting, Intelligent
roof, Intelligent shutters
I. INTRODUCTION
In our model of intelligent house we focused on the most used systems, that is intelligent lighting,
intelligent shutters, intelligent garage, and smaller intelligent systems. In the next section, we will
focus on the operation, control and the components used in each system.
When we created the main program, we used the wiring language, which is a customized C
language for easier Arduino programming. For correct and seamless display of information from
Arduino on the website, we used the AJAX language and we used html for the website itself. We used
the CSS language to edit the look of the html page. After uploading the code to Arduino, inserting the
SD card and connecting the Ethernet shield to the router, everything is ready for use. For the control of
smart home via the Internet, you need to write the IP address, which was chosen during writing the
code. We used the IP address 192.168.1.160. After entering the IP address, the page is loaded. When
the Arduino starts first time, the initial values are set. Design of the page is displayed on Fig. 1.
II. INTELLIGENT LIGHTING
A Description of the Operation
Photoresistor is the main component of intelligent lighting, which sends the data based on the
intensity of incident light over the analogue input for evaluation. Sensor values are recorded ten times
JIEE Časopis priemyselnej elektrotechniky / Journal of Industrial Electrical Engineering
ISSN 2454-0900
vol:2 (2018) issue: 1 9
in one-second intervals. Consequently, the values are averaged to prevent external interference. It is
possible to determine according to the photoresistor, when it is spinning and when there is enough
light. The motion sensors are automatically activated after evaluation of dark. Due to these sensors. the
light switches on or off automatically in the room. After evaluation of enough light, motion sensors are
automatically deactivated to save energy. If it is necessary, they can be activated or deactivated
independently of the outside light.
Fig. 1 Design of the webpage
We can control them by using the green button located in each room, Fig. 2. The white LED shows
the state of the motion sensor - off / on. Another way of controlling is via the Internet, Fig. 3. Manual
buttons are linked to the web page and vice versa. After press of manual green button, the motion
sensor is activated - white LED switches on and motion sensor status is updated on the all devices
where the html page is triggered. When it is controlled via the Internet, the principle is the same.
When the motion sensor is deactivated over the internet, the white LED switches off, so even without
turning on the html page we can see if the motion sensor is activated or deactivated. After activation of
the motion sensors, we can determine the movement in the room even without being in the room, via
the indicator on the html page. The white button is used for manually turn the light on / off
independently of the light / darkness or activation of the motion sensor. The light can also be turned on
/ off via the internet button, Fig. 3. The Internet update principle is the same as the motion sensor
mechanism. The switched off or on light is shown in, Fig. 4. Using the photoresistor, the external
lighting is automatically activated or deactivated. If it is dark, it is activated and if there is enough
lighting, it is deactivated, Fig. 5.
Fig. 2 Control of the lightning using the button
Fig. 3 Control of lightning over the Internet
JIEE Časopis priemyselnej elektrotechniky / Journal of Industrial Electrical Engineering
ISSN 2454-0900
vol:2 (2018) issue: 1 10
Fig. 4 Lighting on / off in the room
Fig. 5 Outdoor lighting off / on
Used components
In our model of intelligent lighting, we used two buttons for a room, a 5V white LED, a PIR
motion sensor, a photoresistor, and a relay for switching lights. The light I simulated using a 12V LED
strip.
Description of connection
The diagram of the connection of individual components is shown in the, Fig. 6. For some
components, it is necessary to use the appropriate resistor to adjust the voltage so that the individual
components work smoothly.
Fig. 1 The diagram of connection of button, photoresistor, LED diode, motion sensor a relay.
(In the top left is a button connected to the corresponding 10Kohm resistor, a photoresistor with the
corresponding 10Kohm resistor is connected in the center, the right of the LED diode is shown with the
corresponding 1Kohm resistor, the motion sensor connection is shown at the button, and the relay and the strip.)
JIEE Časopis priemyselnej elektrotechniky / Journal of Industrial Electrical Engineering
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III. INTELLIGENT BLINDS
A Description of the Operation
The principle of intelligent blinds is similar to lighting. The basis is a photoresist, which evaluates
whether it is dark or light outdoors. When the outside gets tangled, the shutters are automatically
covered and the it is automatically removed at sunrise in the morning. As well as lighting, the blinds
can be operated manually by a button. There is a black button in the each room, which is used to
remove or cover the blinds independently of the outside lighting, Fig. 7. If the blinds are covered
manually, for example during the day, they will be covered until the next morning when they are
removed again. Their control is also possible through the html page, which also informs about the
current state of the blinds by the statuses: Removed, Covered, Remove, Cover, Fig. 8. Removed or
covered shutters are shown on Fig. 9.
Fig. 7 Control of blinds with a pushbutton.
Fig. 8 Control of blinds over the Internet.
Fig. 2 Covered and removed shutters
Used components
We used for the one room the following components: button, photo resistor, stepper motor 5V
28BYJ-48 and uln2003 driver.
Description of connection
The principle of switching both the button and the photoresist was shown in intelligent lightning,
Fig.6. The principle of stepper motor connection is shown on Fig. 10.
JIEE Časopis priemyselnej elektrotechniky / Journal of Industrial Electrical Engineering
ISSN 2454-0900
vol:2 (2018) issue: 1 12
Fig. 10 Stepper motor and ULN2003 driver connection
IV. INTELLIGENT GARAGE
A Description of the Operation
Opening and closing the garage gate is possible via the internet. The webpage also informs us
about the status of the garage gate by the statuses: I Open, Hang Out, Open, Closed, and Obstacle, Fig.
12. The obstacle status indicates the presence of an object in the gate area. If the gate is open, it will
not close or if it is closing, it opening again. The garage door can also be controlled using the 4-
channel remote control via the A button or the B button, Fig. 11. The lighting of the garage is
dependent on the opening / closing of the gate. When it is open, the light turns on automatically and
lights up during the garage door is open. The light goes off when the gate is closed, Fig. 13.
Fig. 11 RF remote control
Fig. 12 Control of the garage via the Internet
Fig. 13 Closed / open garage
Used components
We used the following components: SG90 servo motor, light switching relay, obstacle sensor and
4 channel wireless transmitter, receiver.
JIEE Časopis priemyselnej elektrotechniky / Journal of Industrial Electrical Engineering
ISSN 2454-0900
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Description of connection
The principle of the servo motor, RF remote control, and obstacle sensor is illustrated on Fig. 14.
The connection of the relay is shown on Fig. 6.
Fig. 14 Wiring diagram of servo motor, RF receiver and obstacle sensor
(On the left, the servo motor is shown, the 4-channel RF receiver is connected in the center, and the obstacle
sensor circuit diagram is shown on the right.)
V. OTHER AUTOMATIC SYSTEMS IN INTELLIGENT HOUSE
Security element
A Description of the Operation
From a point of view security, we used one of the basic security element in the house. We used a
MQ-2 sensor that indicate dangerous gases or smoke. The system works on the principle of averaging
over a certain time. The page displays information from the sensor in the form of "norm", "elevated"
and "critical" status. If the sensor detects a critical value, a sound alert will be triggered by the sands at
two second intervals until the sensor starts to read the values that are in the norm or slightly elevated.
Used components and connection
I used the MQ-2 sensor and buzzer YL-44, Fig. 1).
Fig. 15 Buzzer and gas sensor connection diagram (On the left is shown connection of buzzer and on the right is shown connection of MG-2 sensor)
Intelligent roof and temperature
A Description of the Operation
The last of the systems is an intelligent roof, that automatically push out when it starts to rain, Fig.
16. In each room we placed the temperature sensors and a temperature values are displayed on the
page.
JIEE Časopis priemyselnej elektrotechniky / Journal of Industrial Electrical Engineering
ISSN 2454-0900
vol:2 (2018) issue: 1 14
Fig. 16 Expanded / retracted roof
Used components and connection
We used the LM35 sensor for temperature sensing, the servo sg90 to open and close the roof, and
a water sensor to capture the amount of water, Fig. 17. The connection of the servos is shown on Fig.
6.
Fig. 17 Wiring diagram of the temperature sensor and the water sensor
(On the left is shown the connection of the temperature sensor. On the right is a water sensor.)
VI. COMPLETE CONNECTION SCHEME
JIEE Časopis priemyselnej elektrotechniky / Journal of Industrial Electrical Engineering
ISSN 2454-0900
vol:2 (2018) issue: 1 15
Fig. 18 Complete circuit diagram
Detailed description of analog and digital pin assignments on Arduino mega 2560:
Analog:
pin A0 – Temperature sensor kitchen
pin A1 – MG-2 sensor
pin A2 – Room temperature sensor
pin A3 – Temperature sensor of the bedroom
pin A4 – Photoresistor
pin A5 – Water sensor
Digital:
pin 1 – Validity of data transmission for RF
pin 2 – Relay light room
pin 3 – Relay light bedroom
pin 5 – Relay light kitchen
pin 6 – Relay light garage
pin 7 – Relay light outdoor lighting
pin 8 – Servo motor for garage gate
pin 9 – Servo motor for an outdoor roof
pin 22 – Black button room blinds
pin 23 – Obstacle sensor
pin 24 – White LED diode for room
pin 25 – Button B from the RF remote control
pin 26 – Green button room motion sensor
pin 27 – Button A of the RF remote control
pin 28 – White button room lighting
pin 29 – Motion sensor kitchen
pin 30 – Black button bedroom blinds
pin 31 – White LED for the kitchen
pin 32 – White LED for the bedroom
pin 33 – Green button for kitchen motion sensor
pin 34 – Green button bedroom motion sensor
pin 35 – White button for kitchen lighting
pin 36 – White lighting bedroom
pin 37 – Motion sensor room
pin 38 – Motion sensor of the bedroom
pin 40 – Motor bedroom pin1
pin 41 – Motor room pin1
pin 42 – Motor bedroom pin2
pin 43 – Motor room pin2
pin 44 – Motor bedroom pin3
pin 45 – Motor room pin3
pin 46 – Motor bedroom pin4
pin 47 – Motor room pin4
pin 49 - buzzer
VII. CONCLUSION
The article focuses on the design and implementation of an intelligent building, which will attract
mainly for its price. I have used Arduino mega 2560, which is sufficient for intelligent systems in this
house. With the next expansion of new systems, we would consider using more Arduino to prevent a
system failure. We would use one major Arduino to manage others. Each Arduino would be in charge
of one system. Like everywhere, here is space for improvement too, for example in the reprocess of
individual systems or improvements of the graphical user interface.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The support by the project VEGA grant No. 2/0069/15 of the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry
for Education of the Slovak Republic is acknowledged.
REFERENCES
[1] Albert T.P. SoAlvin C.W. WongK-c. Wong, (1999),"A new definition of intelligent buildings for Asia", Facilities, Vol.
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[2] Valeš, M., 2006. Inteligentní dům. Brno: ERA group spol.s.r.o. ISBN 80-7366-062-8
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ISSN 2454-0900
vol:2 (2018) issue: 1 16
[3] Robert N. Bucceri., 2004. How To Automate Both New & Existing Homes. Silent Servant, Inc. ISBN-13: 978-
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http://zschlebnice.sk/kopr/obr/arduino/mega_piny.jpg
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[10] RYDEPIER: Active Buzzer Alarm Type YL-44, [online], 2015. [cit.2017-03-22]. Dostupné na internete:
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