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Design & Fabricationof Quad copter for surveillance purpose
BY:Prasanna kumar.Achanti (11331A03C6)Ravindra.Sunkari (11331A03F7)
GUIDED BY: SRI M. K NAIDU
INTRODUCTION: Quad rotor, is a multi rotor helicopter that is lifted and propelled by four rotors. Unlike most helicopters, quad copters use two sets of identical fixed pitched propellers; two clockwise (CW) and two counter-clockwise (CCW). These use variation of RPM to control lift and torque. These vehicles were among the first successful heavier-than-air vertical takeoff and landing(VTOL) vehicles. It is a type of a small representation of unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV).
A four rotor helicopter designed by Louis Breguet in 1907. This was the first rotary wing aircraft to lift itself off the ground, although only in tethered flight at an altitude of a few feet.
on April 14, 1924 it established the first-ever FAI distance record for helicopters of 360 m (390 yd). It demonstrated the ability to complete a circular course and and later, it completed the first 1km closed-circuit flight by a rotorcraft. In the last few decades, small scale unmanned Ariel vehicles (UAVs) have become more commonly used for many applications.
BRIEF OVERVIEW:
There are many types of multi rotor people make nowadays. Some of them are Mono copter, Twin copter, Tri copter, Quad copter, Y-6, Hexa copter, X-8, Octa copter.
Based on design, Quad copters are of two types. One is PLUS configured and the other is X configuration.
In X configuration two arms will face front side while in + configuration only one arm will face front side.
TYPES OF MULTIROTORS:
BASIC CONFIGURATIONS
Frame Centre plate Landing skid Flight controller Motors Propellers ESCs Battery
COMPONENTS OF QUADCOPTER:
FRAME, ARM, CENTRE PLATE & LANDING SKID: frame supports motors and other electronics and
prevents them from vibrations. can make Center plate & arm from any material like CF, PVC pipes, Aluminium or Wood but make sure it has enough strength to withstand impact and rough landings.
FC(Flight Controller): Hobbyking v1, v2.1, v3.0 boards/KK boards have gyro
sensor only but still they are best beginner boards.
ESC(Electronic Speed Controller), BATTERY: ESC supplies power from battery to motors. Its ampere
rating should be more than motor’s rating i.e. 18amps.
SELECTION OF COMPONENTS:
MOTOR SELECTION : some important specifications are Kv, Maximum current(A),
Shaft diameter, Thrust, Weight, Suggested propeller.
BATTERY SELECTION: 1) Each brushless motor needs 18amps So, 4x18amps=72amps 2) auxiliary equipment like camera needs =10amps *So, 3300mah=3.3ahx30c=99amps. Hence we have selected the
3300mah,11.1v,li-po battery.
PROPELLER SELECTION: According to the motor specifications we have selected 10x4.5”. Lower
the pitch value, higher will be the stability of flight.
frame(500x500mm) & weight 380gms
Motors: 1200kv, 18A, ø28mm of 38gms,750gms thrust each.
Propellers: 10x4.5 inch(diameter x pitch)
Esc: turnigy 25 amps of 22gms each
Battery: 11.1v, 3300mAh, 3s, 30c of 335gms
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS:
Total Thrust = 2x(AUW)AUW=All Up Weight (weight of frame + battery + circuit)
KV= RPM/VoltageAt no load:For 1200kv motor: RPM=1200*11.1volts=13320rpm=222RPS
For 10x4 or 7x4 propellers: Speed=4*222=888inch/sec=22.55m/sec
CALCULATIONS:
In order to calculate the impact force acting on the body when it falls from a certain height, work energy theorem is used.
Work – Energy Theorem:0.5*M*(V)2 = F*S V=sqrt*(2*g*H)Change in kinetic Energy = 0.5*1.5*(24.49)2consider, (H = 30m) = 465JWork = F*S = 465J F= 465J/30m = 15.5N.
Momentum Change: (M2V2-M1V1)/T =Mg – FSimilarly on calculations F= -22.5N (upwards)So, the force of Impact is multiplied four fold in static structural analysis and applied 40N on each leg.
FLIGHT CONTROLS:
MICRO CONTROLL
ER
DRIVERS
MOTORS
,M
OTOR
DRIV
ERS
DRIVERS
M
OTORS
DRIVERS
MOTORS
BLOCK DIAGRAM
CREO MODEL:
MODEL ANALYSIS:
According to impact analysis, the Impact load falls on the entirequad copter is = 14N .
In structural analysis we took triple Its value i.e., 40N load on each leg.
Finally F.O.S attained = (310Mpa/10Mpa)=31.
Surveillance military and law enforcement Research platform Commercial use Recreational use Traffic & civil policing
APPLICATIONS:
VIDEO SHOWING THE FLIGHT
VIEW FROM SURVEILLANCE CAM
A Survey on Remotely Operated Quad rotor Aerial Vehicle using the Camera Perspective. Published by Debadatta Sahoo, Amit Kumar, K. Sujatha of Dr M.G.R University and is published in International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 11– No.10, December 2010
Model development, system identification, and control of a quad rotor helicopter by Matt Rich Iowa State University Ames, Iowa in 2012.
Zhang, Y., et al. "Development of the model and hierarchy controller of the quad-copter." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 222.1 (2008): 1-12.
Sa, Inkyu, and Peter Corke. "Estimation and control for an open-source quadcopter." Proceedings of the Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation 2011. 2011.
Bemporad, Alberto, C. A. Pascucci, and Claudio Rocchi. "Hierarchical and hybrid model predictive control of quadcopter air vehicles." Analysis and Design of Hybrid Systems. Vol. 3. No. 1. 2009.
LITERATURE REVIEW:
THANK YOU