DesignandDevelopmentofSupportSystemsforFutureHumanExtravehicularActivity

Presenter:MatthewJ.MillerThursday,Jan12th,2017

AIAASciTech2017SessionEXPL-01;HabitationSystems

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Open-endedQuestions:

• Whatarethenecessarysupportsystemsfuturecrewwillneedandwhatwillfunctionswilltheysupport?

• Howcanweanswertheenvisionedworldproblemfacingthehumanspaceflightcommunity?

StudyObjectives:

1. Comparepresent-dayandenvisionedEVAconceptofoperations2. DiscusskeyworkfunctionsinherenttotheEVAworkdomain3. Illustrateprototypesupportsystemdesignsanddevelopmentefforts

HistoricalEVAOperations&Studies

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‘61-’66

‘73-’79

1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s 2010’s 2020’s 2030’s

1998-Present(2024)

1981-2011

‘61-’75

RecordsprovidedetailsastoWhatwasperformedwithlimited insightintoHow EVAwasperformed

Asof7/27/2016,NASAperformed391EVAs,110(28%)experiencedsignificantincidents

• Crewinjury(12)

• EarlyTermination (14)

• SystemIssue(52)

• Operational Issue(36)

Thinkingaboutthefuture…

• CentraltothesuccessofEVAexecution istherelationshipbetweenin-flightcrewand

groundsupportpersonnel

• However,existingdataissaturatedwithin-flightcrewperspectives

• Additionally,deep-spaceoperationsimposesamultitudeofnewoperational constraintstoconsider

• Delayedcommunication

• E.g.4-20minonewaybetweenEarthandMars

Packham andStockton,2016

Inventorymanagement

Archiving Lifesupportmonitoring Lifesupport

Timeline(task)

execution

Timelinetracking&alteration

Translation,orientation

andstabilization

Egress&ingress

Shelter&resourcesupply

Anomalyresponse&resolution

Generatingsignals

Receivingsignals

UnderstandingwhatisnecessarytoconductEVAtoday

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MotivatingQuestions

• WhatstructureandfunctionsexistinthecurrentEVAworkdomain?

• Whatshiftsarelikelytooccurforfutureoperations?

InformationFlowModel

**ProcessesofEVApreparationandpost-processingnotincluded

Timeline(task)

execution

Lifesupportmonitoring

Timelinetracking&alteration

WhatfunctionsarerequiredtoensuresuccessfulEVAexecution?

HowisthecurrentEVAworkdomainstructured?

Assumptionsforthefuture

• IVoperatorwill takeonmorefunctionsthatMCCcurrentlyprovides

• Timeline andlifesupportsystemmanagementarehighestprioritytotransition

Miller,McGuire,&Feigh(2016,2015a)

Year2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Time-delay

None

50sec

5min

10min

15min

20min

EnvisioningfutureEVAoperations

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PavilionLakeResearchProject(PLRP)

DesertTechnologyandResearchProgram(D-RATS)

NASAExtremeEnvironmentMissionOperations project(NEEMO)

BiologicAnalogScienceAssociatedwithLavaTerrains(BASALT)

Assumptionsforthefuture

• Analogenvironmentsprovidearepresentativemeanstoexplorewhatexploration teamswillcontendwithatvariousdestinations(e.g.NEOs,MoonsorMars,Marssurface)

• Provideameanstosituateoperators

underenvisionedphysicaland

cognitiveproblemspaces

In2016,3simulationcampaigns

weleveragedtoexploredthe

designconsiderationsoftheIV

operatorandworkstation

• NEEMO21(10+EVAs)

• BASALT-1(10+EVAs)

• GTLaboratory (18+EVAs)

**Graphonlyincludesrecentfielddeploymentswithpublishedreports

SupportingEnvisionedWork

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TimelineManagement

• Timelinearticulatestheintendedpathwayofactions(minutebyminute)thatleadtothecompletionoftheapriorispecifiedobjectives

• ConstituentIVworkstationelementsinclude:

LifeSupportSystemManagement

• Lifesupportsystemiscomposedofsoftgoodsandtheportablelifesupportsystem(PLSS).ThePLSSgeneratesvariousdatastreamsthataremonitoredduringexecution

• ConstituentIVworkstationelementsinclude:

SummaryTimeline DetailedProcedures

FlightNotepadMap/Geospatial

TrackingDisplay

Assumption:Time-delayedcommunicationwillnecessitatetheIVoperatortosupportthemomentbymoment(tactical)operations ofEVAexecutionthatincludethefollowingfunctions:

Numerical

TelemetryDisplays

Graphical

TelemetryDisplays

SupportingEnvisionedWork

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CommunicationManagement

• EVAoperationsdependsontheabilitytoexchangeinformationamongthevariousmembersoftheteam

• Modesofcommunicationinclude:

ScienceOperationsManagement

• FutureEVAobjectiveswillcontainscience-drivenobjectives,whichintroducesaspectrumofnewdataproductstotheEVAworkdomain

• ConstituentIVworkstationelementsinclude:

PhysiologicalDataManagement

• Medicalprofessionals(e.g.FlightSurgeon)currentlymanagescrewphysiologicaldata.FutureoperationswilllikelyrequireIVoperatortomanagethisdatainadditiontotraditionalEVAvariables.

• ConstituentIVworkstationelementsinclude:

Video Audio Text

ScienceDataDisplay ScienceNotepad

PhysiologicalDataDisplay

Imagery

IVWorkstationConfigurations– AnalogEnvironments

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WorkFunction Support SystemElement Analog

Timelinemanagement

SummaryTimeline

DetailedProcedures

FlightNotepad

Map/GeospatialTrackingDisplay

Lifesupportsystemmanagement

NumericalTelemetryDisplay

GraphicalTelemetryDisplay

CommunicationManagement

VideoDisplay

Audio

TextClient

Physiologicaldatamanagement

PhysiologicalDataDisplay

Scienceoperationsmanagement

ScienceDataDisplay

ScienceNotepad

NEEMO21EVAOperations

ConceptualizingtheOperationalLayout

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ISSEVAOperations LaboratoryEVAOperations

BASALT-1EVAOperations

IVWorkstationConfigurations- Laboratory

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LaboratoryEVA

Operations

IVWorkstationConfiguration:NEEMO21

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NEEMO21EVAOperations

IVWorkstationConfigurations:BASALT-1

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BASALT-1EVAOperations

SummaryofInsights

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Objective#1:Comparepresent-dayandenvisionedEVAConOpsFramedEVAoperations intermsofinherentworkdomainfeatures to

facilitatetheextensionofpresent-day opsintothefuture

Objective#2:DiscusskeyworkfunctionsinherenttotheEVAworkdomain

Articulated fiveaspectsofEVAworkweexpect future IVcrewtoperform

Objective#3:IllustrateprototypesystemdesignsanddevelopmenteffortsLinkedenvisionedworkcapacitieswithvariousprototypedworkstation

softwarecomponents toguidefuturedevelopment efforts

EachPrototypeactsasahypothesisabouthowtobestenableIVoperatorwork

StudyImplicationsandFutureWork

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OpenResearchQuestions

• Whatdoes itmeantohavesituationawareness fromtheperspective oftheIVoperator?

• Whatistheappropriate distributionofresponsibilityandauthorityamongtheentire flightteam?

Thisresearch isthefirstattempttounderstanding therepresentations andresponsibilities necessary fortheIVoperatorenable futureEVA

FutureWork

• Examine howwecanbetterdesign boththesurface(interface)andinternal (softwarestructure)representationstofacilitatedesired IVworkresponsibilities

• Extendsimilar rationaletoexaminingothermembersoftheEVAflightteamtounderstandsystem-wide implicationsfromsupportsystemdesign

Questions?

Acknowledgements

• ThisworkissponsoredbyNASASpaceTechnologyResearchFellowship- Grant# NNX13AL32H.

• ManythankstotheNASAAnalogresearchpersonnelfortheirsupportandencouragementofthiswork

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References• Miller,M.J.,McGuire,K.M.,andFeigh,K.M.,“InformationFlowModelofHumanExtravehicularActivity,”InProceedingsoftheIEEEAerospace

Conference,BigSky,MT,March2015.• Miller,M.J.,McGuire,K.M.,andFeigh,K.M.,“PreliminaryWorkDomainAnalysisforHumanExtravehicularActivity,”ProceedingsoftheHumanFactors

andErgonomicsSocietyAnnualMeeting,Sept.2015,pp.11–15.• Miller,M.J.,McGuire,K.M.,andFeigh,K.M.,“DecisionSupportSystemRequirementsDefinitionforHumanEx- travehicular ActivityBasedonCognitive

WorkAnalysis,”JournalofCognitiveEngineeringandDecisionMaking,2016.• Miller,M.J.,Claybrook,A.,Greenlund,S.,andFeigh,K.M.,“OperationalAssessmentofApolloLunarSurfaceEx- travehicular ActivityTimelineExecution,”

AIAASPACE2016,Sept.2016.• Packham,N.,&Stockton,B.(2016).SignificantIncidentsandCloseCallsinHumanSpacefIight:EVAOperations(No.JS-2016-028)(pp.1–3).JSCS&MA

FLIGHTSAFETYOFFICE.• Seemanuscriptforfullreferencelist

UpcomingBASALTandNEEMOpublications:

• Deans,M.,Marquez,J.,Cohen,T.,Miller,M.J.,Deliz,I.,Hillenius,S.,etal.(2017).Minerva:User-CenteredScienceOperationsSoftwareCapabilityforFutureHumanExploration.PresentedattheIEEEAerospaceConference,BigSky,MT.

• Beaton,K.,Chappell,Steven,Miller,M.,Lim,D.,&Abercromby,A.(2017).ExtravehicularActivityOperationsConceptsunderCommunicationLatencyandBandwidthConstraints.PresentedattheIEEEAerospaceConference,BigSky,MT.

• Chappell,Steven,Beaton,K.,Graff,T.,Newton,C.,Abercromby,A.,&Gernhardt,M.L.(2017).IntegrationofanEarth-BasedScienceTeamduringHumanExplorationofMars.PresentedattheIEEEAerospaceConference,BigSky,MT.

16AIAASPACE- 9/14/2016

ImageReferences

https://www.hq.nasa.gov/