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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF
SELF-HEALING SANDWICH COMPOSITES
SupervisorDr R. Asokan, PhDProfessorSchool Of Aeronautical SciencesHindustan University
Prepared By:-Arjun Balachandran
(1100108015)Athira Chandra Babu
(1100108019)Dhinesh Karthikeyan
(1100108036)Pranavu Raveendran
(1100108106)
OUTLINEINTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE
APPROACHES TO SELF-HEALING
MATERIAL SELECTION
FABRICATION
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS & FUTURE DIRECTIONS
INTRODUCTION•Use of composites are rapidly increasing
in all the industries•Beside the advantages they are
intolerable to damages •Matrix de-lamination, fibre fracture, fibre
de-bonding and fiber pull out can occur during impact load
OBJECTIVE•To analyze two different sandwich
composite materials that are adhesively joined by epoxy resin and self healing resins to know the flexural rigidity, resistance to impact and to perform water observation on the specimens
SELF HEALING MATERIALS•Self healing composites are a class of
smart composites that is structurally incorporated with the ability to repair the damage caused by mechanical usage over time
•Inspired from biological healing systems
SELF HEALING CLASSIFICATION
• Capsule Based• Vascular Based• Intrinsic
CAPSULE BASED HEALING•The healing agent is stored in discrete
capsules•Damage triggers rupture and capsule
contents are released•Thus Self Healing takes place due to the
triggering of the capsules
VASCULAR BASED HEALING•Similar to that of capsule based healing
method•Vascular Method can either be 2-
dimensional or 3 – dimensional•Healing is based on capillarity
INTRINSIC SELF HEALING•Less complex design for self healing
mechanism •Matrix is self healing inherently and thus
no release of self healing agents is required
•Avoids the cons of integration and healing-agent compatibility that usually arise in capsule based and vascular based healing systems
IONOMERIC SELF HEALING (INTRINSIC)•Copolymers - the materials has ionic
segments that can form which acts as crosslink
•Simulated by external stimuli•Multiple Local Healing •Formation of above mentioned clusters
are reversible
VASCULAR BASED HEALING – 2D
VASCULAR BASED HEALING – 3D
CAPSULE BASED HEALING – 2D
INTRINSIC SELF HEALING
FACING & CORE SELECTION• FACING
E - Glass Fibre
• CORE
PVC Foam
Self Healing Resin + Hardener (UR5083)Resin LY 556 + Hardener HY 951
E-GLASS• Electrical grade and low alkali
glass
• For its relatively low cost
it is a remarkable material
• Light weight with an inherent
strength to provide a weather
resistant finish
E GLASS PROPERTIES
PVC FOAM• Closed cell foam, based on
divinyl polymer, modified
with the throughout aramids
link
• Core material for sandwich
structure
• Foam is perforated with
2mm holes(based on foam
thickness and density) 300 x 300 x 10 mm PVC FOAM
PVC FOAM PROPERTIES
EPOXY RESIN• Resin (Used) – LY 556
Hardener(Used) – HY 951• Ratio :- 100:12• Cures at room temperature
• Excellent adhesive strength
• Good Mechanical and Electrical Properties
EPOXY RESIN (CURED) PROPERTIES
SELF HEALING RESIN (UR5083)• Polyurethane Resin
• Ratio of Resin to Hardener 2:1
• Excellent impact resistance
• Good adhesion to a variety of substrates
• Excellent electrical properties
• Low water absorption
• Fire resistance
SELF HEALING RESIN (CURED) PROPERTIES
FABRICATION – A CASE STUDY• Fabrication is done using
Vacuum Infusion technique
• Material Failed due to the wrong ratio of epoxy resin and hardener
FABRICATION – HAND LAY UP• Preparing the mould
• Material Preparation
• Pre measured resin and hardener is mixed thoroughly
• Rollers or brushes are used to apply
• Left for curing
FABRICATED LAMINATES(300x300x15mm)
• Epoxy Adhesive Laminate • Self Healing Adhesive Laminate
WATER JET CUTTING• Water jet cutting was used to
cut the specimens for the tests
• Flexural Specimen Size 200 x 35 x 15 mm
• Water Observation Specimen Size 25 x 25 mm
• Impact Specimen Size 60 x 60 mm
FLEXURAL TEST• Behavior of materials
subjected to simple beam loading.
• 3 point bend test
• Load Displacement Curves are plotted and the comparison for both epoxy and self healing adhesive composites are shown
FLEXURAL TEST SPECIMENS SELF
HEALING
EPOXY
Flexural Test Specimen Size 200 x 35 x 15 mm
LOAD DISPLACEMENT CURVES FOR EPOXY ADHESIVE 1
LOAD DISPLACEMENT CURVES FOR EPOXY ADHESIVE 2
LOAD DISPLACEMENT CURVES FOR EPOXY ADHESIVE 3
LOAD DISPLACEMENT CURVES FOR SELF HEALING ADHESIVE 1
LOAD DISPLACEMENT CURVES FOR SELF HEALING ADHESIVE 2
LOAD DISPLACEMENT CURVES FOR SELF HEALING ADHESIVE 3
SPECIMENS AFTER FLEXURAL TESTEPOXY SPECIMENS
SPECIMENS AFTER FLEXURAL TESTSELF HEALING SPECIMENS
COMPARISON GRAPH
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 180.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Load
(kN
)
Displacement (mm)
LOAD DISPLACEMENT CURVE FOR EPOXY ADHESIVE 1 LOAD DISPLACEMENT CURVE FOR EPOXY ADHESIVE 2 LOAD DISPLACEMENT CURVE FOR EPOXY ADHESIVE 3 LOAD DISPLACEMENT CURVE FOR SELF HEALING 1 LOAD DISPLACEMENT CURVE FOR SELF HEALING 2 LOAD DISPLACEMENT CURVE FOR SELF HEALING 3
WATER OBSERVATION• Test Specimen Size-
25 x 25 mm• Initial Weight is taken• Specimen immersed
in water for 24 hours in room temperature
• Variation in weight is observed after cleaning.
WATER OBSERVATION - DATASample Id Initial
WeightFinal Weight
Increasing Weight
Percentage of water observation
Epoxy-1 2.490 g 2.510 0.20 8.032
Epoxy-2 2.510 g 2.540 0.30 11.952
Epoxy-3 3.390 g 3.410 0.20 5.899
Self Healing-1 4.100 g 4.120 0.20 4.878
Self Healing-2 3.820 g 3.830 0.10 2.617
Self Healing-3 3.640 g 3.650 0.10 2.747
IMPACT TEST•High Velocity impact testing were
performed on the specimen•The impact tests were performed in the
following conditions Pressure = 344 737.865 PaVelocity = 37.5m/s
•Two kinds of bullets were used :- Sharp/Blunt
IMPACT TEST SPECIMEN
Self Healing Adhesive Specimens Epoxy Adhesive Specimens
Specimen Size 60 mm x 60 mm
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Material mounted to the specimen holder of the impact tester .
Types of Bullets used - Sharp/ Blunt
AFTER IMPACT ( BLUNT )
AFTER IMPACT (SHARP)
FINDINGS – IMPACT TEST•It is found that impact resistivity for self
healing adhesive composite is greater than that for the epoxy adhesive composites
CONCLUSIONS•Flexural test was performed, and was found
that the load carrying capacity for epoxy adhesive composites were better than that of self healing adhesive composites.
•Water resistivity of self healing adhesive specimens were found to be better compared to epoxy adhesive composites.
•Impact resistivity of self healing adhesive composites are excellent in comparison to epoxy adhesive composites.
APPLICATIONS (SCOPE)•Fairings•Control surfaces•Interior components•Aircraft panels
REFERENCES• Self-Healing Polymers and Composites B.J. Blaiszik, S.L.B. Kramer, S.C.
Olugebefola, J.S. Moore, N.R. Sottos, and S.R. White ,2010
• Self-Healing CFRP for aerospace applications, Dr Ian P Bond, Mr Gareth J
Williams & Dr Richard S Trask,2007
• Puncture Self-healing Polymers for Aerospace Applications K. Gordon, R.
Penner, P. Bogert, W.T. Yost and E. Siochi,2003
• Self-healing: a new paradigm in materials design, MR Kessler,2006
• Low Velocity and High Velocity Impact Test on Composite Materials – A
review S.N.A. Safri,M.T.H. Sultan, N. Yidris, and F. Mustapha,2014
• Low Velocity Impact Properties of Foam Sandwich Composites: A
Brief Review, Ramadan Mohmmed, Azzam Ahmed, Mohamed
Ahmed Elgalib, Hashim Ali ,2014
• Impact Behaviour of Sandwich GFRP-Foam-GFRP Composites V.
K. Srivastava,2012
• Experiments on Epoxy, Polyurethane and ADP Adhesives Julia de
Castro San Román,2005
• Moisture Absorption Properties of Unidirectional Glass/Polymer
Composites Used in Composite (Non-Ceramic) Insulators L.
Kumosa, B. Benedikt, D. Armentrout and M. Kumosa,2004
• Self-sealing of mechanical damage in a fully cured structural
composite Jericho L. Moll , Henghua Jin, Chris L. Mangun , Scott
R. White , Nancy R. Sottos, 2013