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Dermatology for the Internist DREW M ANDERSON, MD VOLUNTEER CLINICAL ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE, INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE

Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

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Page 1: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Dermatology for the InternistDREW M ANDERSON,  MD

VOLUNTEER CLINICAL ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE,   INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE

Page 2: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Why Should I Care?53% of all skin related visits are to non dermatologists

Skin conditions presenting to non dermatologists are different from those presenting to dermatologists

There is a shortage of dermatologists

Patient expectations

Page 3: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Wilmer, Erin N, et al. “Most Common Dermatologic Conditions Encountered by Dermatologists and Nondermatologists.” Cutis, Dec. 2014, pp. 285–292.

Page 4: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Wilmer, Erin N, et al. “Most Common Dermatologic Conditions Encountered by Dermatologists and Nondermatologists.” Cutis, Dec. 2014, pp. 285–292.

Page 5: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Most Common Dermatologic Diagnoses in Primary CareContact dermatitis

Cellulitis/Abscess

“Rash”

Cyst

Tinea

Warts

Varicose veins

“Benign tumor”

Candida

Herpes zoster

Acne

Page 6: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Contact DermatitisAllergic◦ Delayed hypersensitivity◦ Usually geometric or linear if acute◦ Rhus, nickel, neomycin, fragrance mix, balsam of peru, quaternium 15, formaldehyde

Irritant◦ Due to direct skin damage◦ Soap, hand sanitizers, friction, chemicals for cleaning, chemicals at work

Page 7: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Page 8: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Page 9: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Allergic Contact DermatitisTreatment◦ Potent topical steroids (clobetasol, betamethasone diproprionate, halobetasol)

◦ IM triamcinolone◦ Oral steroids (not dosepacks)◦ Cool compresses

Page 10: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

Page 11: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Irritant Contact DermatitisTreatment◦ Irritant avoidance◦ Emolients◦ Barrier creams (dimethicone)◦ Topical steroids◦ IM/Oral steroids

Page 12: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

CellulitusAcute spreading infection of dermis and subcutis

Most common pathogen is S. areus

Erysipelas is cellulitis involving superficial lymphatics, caused by beta hemolytic strep.  Often involves face

RARELY BILATERAL!

Page 13: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Cellulitus

Page 14: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Cellulitus (Erysipelas)

Page 15: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

CellulitusTreatment◦ Obtain culture◦ Oral/IV antibiotics

◦ Cover for Staph and/or strep, MRSA if suspected

◦ Consider gram(‐) in diabetics, poor foot hygiene

◦ Elevate extremity◦ Symptomatic relief

Page 16: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

AbscessLocalized inflammation associated with an accumulation of puss

May have rapid onset or more slow clinical course

Usually caused by MSSA and MRSA

Page 17: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Abscess

Page 18: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

AbscessTreatment◦ Incision and drainage ◦ Warm compresses◦ Antibiotics for surrounding cellulitis or if I&D not successful

◦ Culture wound

Page 19: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

“Rash” aka MorbilliformEruptionsMimics a measles like eruption

THE “maculopapular rash”

May be due to drug or virus

Indistinguishable clinically and often histologically

Page 20: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Morbilliform EruptionsDRUG ERUPTION VIRAL EXANTHEM

Page 21: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Morbilliform EruptionsDRUG ERUPTION

Temporally related to a drug (usually 1‐4 weeks but may be years!)

Remove offending drug

Treat with topical/oral steroids, antihistamines

Takes 2‐8 weeks to resolve (remind your patients)

VIRAL EXANTHEM

May have other symptoms associated with viral infection such as fever, cough, sore throat, rhinorrhea

May feel perfectly well

Ask about recent exposure to illness

Treat same as drug eruption

Page 22: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Epidermal CystsAn epithelial lined tumor within the dermis

Filled with keratin debris

Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts)

May turn into abscess

Page 23: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Epidermal Cysts

Page 24: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Recognize Her?

Page 25: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Sandra Lee, MD

Page 26: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess
Page 27: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Cyst TreatmentPunch excision

Slit excision

Eliptical excision

Incise and Drain (squeeze)

Page 28: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

TineaSuperficial fungal infection of the skin

Caused by dermatophytes◦ T. rubrum, T. tonsurans, Microsporum species

Named based on body locale◦ Tinea faciei◦ Tinea cruris◦ Tinea pedis◦ Tinea manuum, etc

Page 29: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

TineaClinical features◦ Scaly plaques◦ Advancing erythematous border◦ Usually annular◦ May have associated pustules (Majocchi’s granuloma)

Page 30: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Tinea Pedis

Page 31: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

TineaTINEA CRURIS TINEA CORPORIS

Page 32: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

TineaTINEA FACIEI TINEA MANUUM

Page 33: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Tinea TreatmentTopical antifungals if no hair follicle involvement◦ Imidazoles are fungistatic (miconazole)◦ Allylamines are fungicidal (terbinafine)

Oral antifungals for extensive disease or hair follicle involvement◦ Terbinafine◦ Fluconazole◦ Griseofulvin

Treat until skin is smooth (no scale) plus one week

Page 34: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Verruca VulgarisAn epidermal growth caused by infection with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

Page 35: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Verruca Vulgaris

Page 36: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Verruca VulgarisTREATMENT

‐CRYOTHERAPY

‐ELECTROCAUTERY

‐EXCISION

‐CANTHARIDIN

‐SALICYLIC ACID

‐INTRALESIONAL CANDIDA 

‐INTRALESIONALBLEOMYCIN

‐TOPICAL 5FU

‐TOPICAL IMIQUIMOD

Page 37: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Varicose Veins

Page 38: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Varicose VeinsTreatment◦ Compression◦ Ablation◦ Stripping◦ REFER

Page 39: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

“Benign Tumors”Nevus

Seborrheic keratosis

Hemangioma

Cysts 

Page 40: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

“Benign Tumors”NEVUS NEVIS

Page 41: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Most Famous ResidentNEVIS ALEXANDER HAMILTON

Page 42: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

“Benign Tumors”SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS HEMANGIOMA

Page 43: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Benign TumorsTreatment is not necessary unless…◦ Symptomatic (itch, pain, bleeding, etc)◦ Suspicious clinically◦ Impairs function

Modalities include cryosurgery, shave removal, excision, electrocautery

Page 44: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

CandidiasisOvergrowth of the yeast Candida albicans on skin or mucous membranes◦ Thrush◦ Intertrigo◦ Vulvovaginal candidiasis◦ Candida balanitis

Page 45: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

CandidiasisTHRUSH INTERTRIGO

Page 46: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Candidiasis TreatmentTopical (cream) nystatin

Oral nystatin (suspension or troches) for thrush

Topical imidazoles (allylamines NOT effective vs yeast)

Oral fluconazole

For intertrigo keep area dry and add low potency topical steroid (ketoconazole/2.5% HC)

Miconazole powder (Zeasorb AF) for intertrigo

Page 47: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Herpes ZosterA vesicular eruption due to the reactivation of the Varicella Zoster virus.

Usually occurs in a dermatomal distribution

May itch or be painful

Does not cross midline

May be in two adjacent dermatomes

If crosses midline or in more than two dermatomes, should be considered “disseminated”

Page 48: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Herpes Zoster

Page 49: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Herpes ZosterTreatment

Valacyclovir 1gram tid x 7 days

Famciclovir 500mg tid x 7 days

Acyclovir 800mg 5x daily x 7 days

Gabapentin or pregabalin for post herpetic neuralgia

Refer to ophthalmology for V1 or ocular involvement (nasal tip)

Page 50: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

AcneInflammation of the pilosebaceous units

Pathogenesis◦ Folliucular plugging (microcomedone formation)◦ Excess sebum production◦ Bacterial overgrowth (P. acnes)◦ Inflammation due to bacterial byproducts of sebum degradation

Page 51: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Acne

Page 52: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess

Acne TreatmentGentle cleansing and daily moisturization

Topical retinoids (tretinoin, adapalene, tazarotene)

Topical antibiotics (clindamycin, sodium sulfacetamide, erythromycin)

Benzoyl peroxide

Oral antibiotics (minocycline, doxycycline, ampicillin, tmp/smx, clindamycin)

BCP

Spironolactone

Isotretinoin

Page 53: Dermatology for the Internist - acponline.org · An epithelial lined tumor within the dermis Filled with keratin debris Usually has a pore (except pilar cysts) May turn into abscess