Dermal inorganic gadolinium concentrations: evidence for in vivo transmetallation and long-term persistence

KHJCJKNH NCB HN@FPNRFPZ JCWL[RJINRJFC[ BFJ >?#>>>>&a#>;7<-0>;;#0??9#?4;;<#t Blmnh jcfincjk inbfhjcj|m kfcklcrnrjfc{1 lwjblckl gf jc wjwf rnc{mlrnhhnrjfc ncb hfci-rlm pl{j{rlckl jc clpdfilcjk {z{rlmjk `f{j{ A#H# N`ndnm( K# Rdnenh( H# [efw(! E# Pf{{lc¯ ncb _# Mnkemnccï Blpnr mlcr fg _nrdf hfiz ( [\CZ \p{rnrl Mlbjknh \cjwl {jrz( [znk|{l( CZ >;0>?( \#[#N# Blpnrmlcr{ fg !Blmnrfhfiz ncb ¯_nrdfhfiz( Ilcrfgrl Df{pjrnh( BE-0:?? Dlhhl|p( Blcmne ïBlpnrmlcr fg Clpdfhfiz( Dlhlw Df{pjrnh( BE-09;? Dlhlw( Blcmne Kfl{pfcblckl Alfhb H# N`ndnm# L-mnjh1 n`ndnmaO|p{rnrl#lb| Nkklprlb gf p|`hjknrjfc >9 [lprlm`l 0??9 Elz yfb{ kfcrn{r nilcr{( lcliz-bj{pl{jwl T-nz {plkrf{kfpz( inbfhjcj|m( clpdfilcjk {z{rlmjk `f{j{( {knccjci lhlkrfc mjkf{kfpz( rnc{mlrnhhnrjfc Kfcﬀjkr{ fg jcrll{r Cfcl blkhnlb# [|mmnz @nkeif|cb Inbfhjcj|m $Ib*-`n{lb mniclrjk l{fcnckl kfcrn{r nilcr{ $I@MKN*( jckh|bjci inbfbjnmjbl( dnwl `llc jblcrjlb n{ rdl pf`n`hl kn|{nrjwl nilcr{ fg rdl {ljf|{ bj{ln{l( clpdfilcjk {z{rlmjk `f{j{ $C[G*# F`alkrjwl{ Rf jcw l{r jin rl lr njc lb Ib-kfc rnj cjc i blp f{jr { jc {ej c `jfp{j l{ gf m pnrjlcr{ yjrd C[G ncb rf blrlmjcl rdlj lhnrjwl kfcklcrnrjfc{ fwl rjml gfm nbmjcj{rnrjfc fg I@MKN# Mlrdfb{ Nc jcwl{ rjinrf -`hjcblb lrf{ plkrj wl {r|bz ( ncnh z{jci 2; {ejc `jfp{ jl{ gfm 0? pnrjlcr{ yjrd inbfbjnmjbl-lhnrlb C[G ncb fcl C[G-clinrjwl inbfbjnmjbl- ltp f{l b bjnhz{ j{ pnrjlcr( nc ijci gf m >7 bnz { rf >::> bnz { ngr l Ib kfcr n{r bf{l# \r jh jq jci n| rfmnrlb ~|nc rj rnrjwl {k nc cj ci lhlkr fc mj k f- {kfpz ⁂ lcliz-bj{pl{jwl T-nz {plkrf{kfpz yl blrlmjclb rdl kfcklcrnrjfc fg Ib ncb n{{fkjnrlb lhlmlcr{ pl{lcr n{ jc{fh|`hl blpf{jr{ jc {jr| jc rdl rj{{|l{# Pl{|hr{ Yl blrlkrlb Ib jc {ejc hl{jfc{ fg nhh 0? pnrjlcr{ yjrd C[G( ydlln{ Ib yn{ |cblrlkrn`hl jc rdl C[G-clinrjwl pnrjlcr# Ib kfcklcrnrjfc jckln{lb fwl rjml jc 7?, fg pnrjlcr{ yjrd m|hrjphl {l~|lcrjnh `jfp{jl{ $ c = >?*( blkln{jci fchz ydlc rdl jcjrjnh {nmphjci rjml yn{ 3 0; mfcrd{ ngrl {r inbfbjnmjbl bf{l# Nhh Ib-k fcrnj cjci blpf {jr{ kfcrn jclb pdf{pdf |{( knhkj |m ncb {fbj|m# Rdl nrjf fg Ib rf knhkj|m jc rj{{|l blpf{jr{ kflhnrlb pf{jrjwlhz yjrd rdl inbfbjnmjbl bf{l ncb yjrd {l|m jfcjqlb knhkj|m nr rdl rjml fg Ib ltpf{|l# Kfckh|{jfc{ Rdl{l cbjci{ blmfc{rnrl rdl jc wjwf lhln{l $rdf|id rnc{mlrnhhnrjfc* fg rdl rftjk gll Ib ;% gfm inbfbjnmjbl( ncb jr{ lrlcrjfc jc npnrjrl-hjel blpf{- jr{# Yl {|iil{r rdnr Ib mnz `l mf`jhjqlb fwl rjml gfm `fcl {rfl{( ltphnjcjci wn jn` hz bl hnz lb fc{lr fg C[G ncb jck ln{jc i {ejc kfc klc r n rjfc fwl rjml jc pnrjlcr{ yjrd C[G# Inb fhj cj| m $Ib * j{ n n l ln rd mlr nh rdn r fkk |{ jc fch z rnkl nmf|cr{ `jfhfijknhhz ncb dn{ cf ecfyc mlrn`fhjk fhl# Rdj{ hncrdncjbl lhlmlcr $hncrdncjbl{ nl ncz mlm`l{ fg rdl nl lnrd lhlmlcr {ljl{( nrfmjk c|m`l{ <9‛9>* j{ |{lb jc mniclrjk l{fcnckl $MP* jmnijci `lkn|{l fg jr{ djid pnnmniclrjk pfplrjl{ $n pnnmniclrjk mnrljnh j{ cfr cnr|nhhz mniclrjk `|r knc `l mnbl mniclrjk( l#i# `z npphjknrjfc fg nc ltrlcnh mniclrjk lhb jc MP jmnijci* ncb hfci lhntnrjfc rjml $lhntnrjfc rjml j{ n mln{|l fg rdl rjml rnelc gf n {|`{rnckl rf lr|c rf rdl l{rjci f if|cb {rnrl gfhhfyjci ltk jrn rjf c*# Rdl { r ltp ljlckl jc d| mnc { yjr d Ib- `n{ lb MP kfc rn{r nil cr{ $I@ MKN * yn{ jc >:44# > I@MKN nl mn c| gn kr| lb `z n kd lh nr jc i p fkl{{( jc yd jk d f in cj k hjincb mfhlk|hl{ gfm n {rn`hl kfmphlt nf|cb Ib# N{ gll Ib ;% j{ ltr lmlhz rftjk( rdl kjrljn gf rdl hjincb yll rf pfwjbl n djidhz {fh|`hl( {rn`hl ncb rdllgfl cfcrftjk kfmphlt# Jc 0???( >< dnlmfbjnhz{j{ pnrjlcr{ yll lpfrlb yjrd n cly {k hl fmz ftlblmn-hjel {ej c kfcbjrjfc( bj{ rjc kr gf m mfp dfln ncb {khl fbl mn# 0 Gj {r lk fic jqlb jc >::9( rdl khj cjk nh {plkr |m ncb cfm lck hnr |l fg rdj{ bj{ln{l dnw l lwf hwl b b| jci rdl hn{r blknbl# Rdj{ |c j~| l k|rnclf|{ bj{- ln{l yn{ cnmlb clpdfilcjk `f{jci blmfpnrdz jc 0??># ; [|`{l~|lcr lkficjrjfc fg rdj{ n{ n {z{rlmjk bj{fbl hlb rf rdl lcn mjci n{ clpd fil cjk {z{r lmjk `f {j{ $C[G *# 2‛7 Jc Anc|nz 0??7 rdl {r lpfr hjcejci I@MKN yjrd C[G yn{ p|`hj{dlb# 9 Û 0??9 Rdl N|rdf{ Af|cnh Kfmpjhnrjfc Û 0??9 @jrj{d N{{fkjnrjfc fg Blmnrfhfij{r{ † @jrj{d Af|cnh fg Blmn rfhfi z 0??4 ><4( pp09;‛04? 09;

Documents

Dermal inorganic gadolinium concentrations: evidence for in vivo transmetallation and long-term persistence