Depression, Depression, Schizophrenia, and Schizophrenia, and

Bipolar DisorderBipolar Disorder

Rena PetersenRena Petersen

What is Depression?What is Depression?

Depression is a disorder that affects Depression is a disorder that affects a person’s ability to eat, sleep, feel a person’s ability to eat, sleep, feel pleasure, and function in everyday pleasure, and function in everyday life. The affected feel an life. The affected feel an overwhelming sadness most of the overwhelming sadness most of the time. Depression affects the body time. Depression affects the body and mind. and mind.

Depression and the BrainDepression and the Brain

People that suffer People that suffer from depression from depression have been proven have been proven to have less gray to have less gray matter and weaker matter and weaker connections in the connections in the brain. brain.

What is Bipolar Disorder?What is Bipolar Disorder?

A mental illness also known as A mental illness also known as manic-depressive disorder. manic-depressive disorder. Characterized by severe high and low Characterized by severe high and low mood changes. Manic episodes and mood changes. Manic episodes and depressive episodes can last for depressive episodes can last for hours, months, or even years. hours, months, or even years. Different types of bipolar disorder are Different types of bipolar disorder are characterized by how long a manic characterized by how long a manic episode may last. episode may last.

Bipolar Disorder and the Bipolar Disorder and the BrainBrain

Manic EpisodesManic Episodes

A manic episode A manic episode can include feeling can include feeling euphoric, talkative, euphoric, talkative, powerful, reckless, powerful, reckless, energetic, energetic, irritation, anger, irritation, anger, and confusion.and confusion.

Depressive EpisodesDepressive Episodes

Being depressed can make you feel Being depressed can make you feel worthless and you may have no worthless and you may have no energy, not be able to feel pleasure, energy, not be able to feel pleasure, and have sleeping problems. and have sleeping problems.

Manic-Depressive EpisodesManic-Depressive Episodes

What is Schizophrenia?What is Schizophrenia?

A mental illness that usually A mental illness that usually consumes the sufferer to the point consumes the sufferer to the point where they can no longer function in where they can no longer function in society without treatment. Some society without treatment. Some symptoms include: delusions, symptoms include: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and catatonic behavior. and catatonic behavior.

Schizophrenia and the BrainSchizophrenia and the Brain

CausesCauses There are receptor There are receptor

sites for the sites for the chemical chemical messengers in our messengers in our brains. Serotonin is brains. Serotonin is the chemical the chemical messenger linked to messenger linked to depression. depression. Depression is caused Depression is caused by a deficiency of by a deficiency of serotonin and its serotonin and its receptor sites. receptor sites.

CausesCauses

Someone with a Someone with a family history of family history of mental illnesses mental illnesses would be more would be more susceptible to susceptible to develop bipolar develop bipolar disorder, disorder, schizophrenia, and schizophrenia, and depression. depression.

Chromosomal CausesChromosomal Causes

The 22The 22ndnd chromosome has chromosome has been a proven link been a proven link between between Schizophrenia, Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder, Bipolar disorder, and Depression. and Depression.

Depression StatisticsDepression Statistics

Major Depressive Major Depressive disorder affects disorder affects approximately 14.8 approximately 14.8 million American million American adults, or about adults, or about 6.7% of the U.S. 6.7% of the U.S. population that are population that are 18 or older in a 18 or older in a year.year.

Major Depression is Major Depression is more prevalent in more prevalent in women than in women than in men.men.

The median onset The median onset age of major age of major depression is 35.depression is 35.

Bipolar Disorder StatisticsBipolar Disorder Statistics

Affects Affects approximately 5.7 approximately 5.7 million American million American adults, or about adults, or about 2.6% of the U.S. 2.6% of the U.S. population age 18 population age 18 or older in a given or older in a given year.year.

The median onset The median onset age of Bipolar age of Bipolar disorder for disorder for American adults in American adults in 25.25.

Schizophrenia StatisticsSchizophrenia Statistics

Prevalence of Prevalence of Schizophrenia in Schizophrenia in Americans: Americans: Approximately 2.2 Approximately 2.2 million adults. million adults. Estimated 1.3% of Estimated 1.3% of adults.adults.

Approximately 1 in Approximately 1 in 123 American 123 American adults suffer from adults suffer from Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia.

TreatmentsTreatments

While there is no cure for depression, While there is no cure for depression, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia medication and therapy have proven medication and therapy have proven to be the most effective in managing to be the most effective in managing the symptoms. the symptoms.

Treating DepressionTreating Depression

Medications help keep Medications help keep the symptoms of the symptoms of Depression Depression manageable. manageable. Selective Serotonin Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI’s) have proven (SSRI’s) have proven to be very helpful. to be very helpful. SSRI’s target the SSRI’s target the receptor sites in the receptor sites in the brain helping the brain helping the serotonin deficiency.serotonin deficiency.

Treatments for Bipolar Treatments for Bipolar DisorderDisorder

Antidepressants Antidepressants and mood and mood stabilizers are used stabilizers are used for treating bipolar for treating bipolar disorder. Some disorder. Some common common medications used medications used are Lithium, are Lithium, Tegrotol, and Tegrotol, and SeroquelSeroquel

Treating SchizophreniaTreating Schizophrenia Antipsychotic Antipsychotic

medications have medications have proven to be the proven to be the most helpful in most helpful in treating treating Schizophrenia. Some Schizophrenia. Some medications that are medications that are most commonly used most commonly used for schizophrenia are: for schizophrenia are: Seroquel, Haldol, Seroquel, Haldol, Clozaril, and Clozaril, and Zyprexa. Zyprexa.

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