Depression New DealLecture 2

I. BackgroundA. Depression continues

1. FDR assumes presidency2. “New Deal Policy begins”

II. FDR’s New Deal

• A. Restore confidence• B. Build persistent experimentation• C. “Hundred Days” period focus• 1. Banks ( Emergency Banking Act,

FDIC)• 2. Relief Emergency• 3. Jobs (CWA, CCC, Indian

Reorganization Act, NRA)

4. Business (NIRA, Fed Security Act, SEC)• 5. Homes and Farms (HOLC, AAA)• 6. Public Works (TVA)• D. Personnel & Policy• 1. Select Intellectuals ( Brain Trust)• - Raymond Moley, Rexford Tugwell,

Adolf Berle• 2. Francis Perkins• 3. Eleanor Roosevelt• 4. Mary McLeod Bethune

E. Programs failed

• 1. Policies criticized• - too much government tyranny

• III. FDR’s “Second New Deal”• A. 1935 bolder programs specified• 1. Social welfare benefits (SSA)• 2. Strict business control• 3. stronger union support (Wagner Act), NRLB)• 4. Higher taxes on rich

B. Election of 1936

• 1. Alf Landon (rep)• - warns FDR socialism• 2. FDR wins reelection • Democrats’ New Deal support:• Farmers, new immigrants, unions,

skilled and unskilled workers, northern blacks and some women.

IV. New Deal Critics

• A. Women (wages, preferences, domestic)

• B. Blacks (south segregation)• C. Political Right (wealthy)• D. Political Left (socialists)• E. Demagogues (Fr. Charles Coughlin,

Francis Townsend, Huey Long)• F. Supreme Court Controversy (FDR

tries to pack court)

V. Results of the new deal

A. Depression Not Ended1. Gov. Spending fails2. National Debt Rose3. Hard Times To 40’s

B. Labor Unions Increase 1. CIO joins AFL2. Era of strikes

C. Culture and art advancements1. Literature2. Radio & Movies3. Artists, Musicians & Theater People

D. Social Security System1. Important for many2. Society Left out3. No Health Insurance4. No future Provisions