06-Nov-06

Deployment and Validation of Sensor Network Applications

Jan BeutelComputer Engineering and Networks Lab, ETH Zurich

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Visions 1991 1999 20001996 20032001 2004

Wireless Sensor Networks

Applications 20042000 20032001

Military Surveillance

ZebraNetSensor Webs

Argo

Duck Island

Shooter LocalizationJames Reserve

UbiquitousVision

PicoRadioWireless Overlay

PaintableComputing

Scale FreeNetworks

Terminodes

Smart DustDirectedDiffusion COTS Dust

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Visions 1991 1999 20001996 20032001 2004

Wireless Sensor Networks

Applications 20042000 20032001

Military Surveillance

ZebraNetSensor Webs

Argo

Duck Island

Shooter LocalizationJames Reserve

UbiquitousVision

PicoRadioWireless Overlay

PaintableComputing

Scale FreeNetworks

Terminodes

Smart DustDirectedDiffusion COTS Dust

Prototypes, Experiments and Research Demos

WSN Community

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Visions 1991 1999 20001996 20032001 2004

Wireless Sensor Networks

Applications 20042000 20032001

Military Surveillance

ZebraNetSensor Webs

Argo

Duck Island

Shooter LocalizationJames Reserve

UbiquitousVision

PicoRadioWireless Overlay

PaintableComputing

Scale FreeNetworks

Terminodes

Smart DustDirectedDiffusion COTS Dust

ProductionApplications

Prototypes, Experiments and Research Demos

WSN CommunityOtherPeople

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Argo – Global Ocean Observation StrategyGlobal array of temperature/salinity profiling floats

Satellite data relay to data centers on shoreOperational since 2000Developed and maintained mainly by oceanographers

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Anti-Submarine Surveillance

Distributed acoustic monitoring and surveillanceAdvanced signal processingMostly wireline and analogFixed installations and mobile unitsMilitary development since the cold war

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Globally Networked Weather Stations

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Deployment-support networksOperational conceptSensor Network Maintenance ToolkitApplications exampleField experiments

Outline

Design and Development

Prototype and Pilot

Launch and Ramp Production Service and

SupportConcept/Theory

BTnode platform for fast-prototypingDesign of hard- and software based on standardized interfaces and event driven interactionBTnode platform success

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Deployment-support networksOperational conceptSensor Network Maintenance ToolkitApplications exampleField experiments

Outline

Design and Development

Prototype and Pilot

Launch and Ramp Production Service and

SupportConcept/Theory

BTnode platform for fast-prototypingDesign of hard- and software based on standardized interfaces and event driven interactionBTnode platform success

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The BTnode Platform

Prototype

IO/Peripherals

2nd Generation 3rd Generation

Communication Computation

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58 mm

BTnode rev3 Architecture Details

32.5

mm

System coreAtmel ATmega128256 kB SRAMGeneric IO/PeripheralsSwitchable power supplies

Dual radio system

Bluetooth radio2.4 GHz Zeevo ZV4002

Low-power radio433-915 MHz ISMChipcon CC1000

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BTnode In-situ Power Profiling Function

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 100010

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Slave sniff

Master sniff

Slave active

Master active

mA

samplesStandby

[Negri2005/2006]

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BTnut System Software

Versatile and flexible fast-prototypingLightweight operating system support in plain CLinux-to-AVR embedded emulationDemo applications and tutorial

simulate

emulate upload

compile

Built on top of multi-threaded Nut/OS frameworkNon-preemptive, cooperativemulti-threadingEvents, timersPriorities for threadsDynamic heap allocationPOSIX style device driversOS tracer (usec resolution)

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BTnut Software & Embedded DevelopmentBTnodes are not targeted at ultra low-power…

… but target versatile and flexible fast-prototyping.

Multi-threaded OS frame in CStandard open-source toolsLightweight software distribution(8.2 MB binary, 27.3 MB source)

Rapid prototypingHW emulation on Linux PC

Demo applications and tutorial Lab for embedded systems lecture

simulate

emulate upload

compile

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Industrial technology transferCommercialization with ETH spin-off “Art of Technology”Commercial replicas resulting from open source policy

BTnodes in EducationDifferent labs and demosGraduate lab in embedded systems (120 participants)30-40 successfully completed student projects

BTnodes in Research Domains25+ wearable and ubiquitous computing applications and demosWireless (sensor) network research40+ scientific publications based on or related to BTnodes

BTnode Platform Success

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 100010

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Slave sniff

Master sniff

Slave active

Master active

mA

samplesStandby

BTnode dev kit € 500

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Deployment-support networksOperational conceptSensor Network Maintenance ToolkitApplications exampleField experiments

Outline

Design and Development

Prototype and Pilot

Launch and Ramp Production Service and

SupportConcept/Theory

BTnode platform for fast-prototypingDesign of hard- and software based on standardized interfaces and event driven interactionBTnode platform success

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WSN Development Reality

It is hard to deploy anywhere beyond 10-20 nodes today.

Coordinated methods and tools are missing today.

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Virtualization and EmulationEmStar [Ganesan2004]

BEE [Chang2003,Kuusilinna2003]

Today's WSN Design and Development

Sca

le

Figure abridged from D. Estrin/J. ElsonReality

SimulationTOSSIM [Levis2003]

PowerTOSSIM [Shnayder2004]

Avrora [Titzer2005]

Test GridsmoteLab [Werner-Allen2005]

Emstar arrays [Cerpa03/04]

Kansei [Dutta2005]

Closing in on the“real” experience

Specializedsimulation tools for WSN applications

Fast-prototyping in a controlled environment

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Virtualization and EmulationEmStar [Ganesan2004]

BEE [Chang2003,Kuusilinna2003]

Today's WSN Design and Development

Sca

le

Figure abridged from D. Estrin/J. ElsonReality

SimulationTOSSIM [Levis2003]

PowerTOSSIM [Shnayder2004]

Avrora [Titzer2005]

Test GridsmoteLab [Werner-Allen2005]

Emstar arrays [Cerpa03/04]

Kansei [Dutta2005]

DeploymentIn-network reprogramming [Levis2004,Hui2004]

Calibration and Verification[Szewczyk2004]

Trial-and-error [Mainwaring2004,Hemingway2004,Cerpa2001]

Dependence on infrastructure[Szewczyk2004]

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“Proof-of-Concept” Deployment Experience

[Koe

n La

ngen

doen

, TU

Del

ft]

[Gilm

ann

Tolle

, UC

Ber

kele

y]

[Pra

balD

utta

, UC

Ber

kele

y]

[Pra

balD

utta

, UC

Ber

kele

y]

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From Proof-of-concept to Real-world WSNs

Traditional test gridWiredImmobileNot scalable

In-network toolsUnreliable

Self-organizing backbone network

with deployment-support

services

Deployment-Support Network

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Target Sensor Network

Next-Generation Deployment-Support

Developer Workstation

Deployment-Support NetworkTemporary, minimal invasiveVirtual connections to nodesReliable, wireless, scalable

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WSN TargetApplication

JAWS – Application Partitioning

JAWS ApplicationTopology Control

Connection Management

Data Transport

Caching

Node Management

Target AdapterTarget ControlProgrammingLogging

MonitorThreads/IRQsHigh level context

Codesize 100 kB

4 kB

2 kB

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Target Sensor Network

JAWS – Sensor Network Monitoring Toolkit

A suite of services based on the JAWS deployment-support network

Remote logging and event detectionBTnut OS tracing facilityLong-term logging and analysisRemote programmingGeneric DSN accessPower and status monitoringCoordinated fault injection

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JAWS – Target Devices

Siemens A80

BTnode

Tmote SkyTinyNode

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JAWS – DSN Architecture Details

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JAWS – DSN Network Control

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JAWS – Topology Field Experiments

Deployment using 70+ nodes on an office floor

Largest connected Bluetooth Scatternet

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JAWS – Application Example

Test Setup: 20+ nodes Distributed Event TracingTime-synchronizedContext switchesInterrupts

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JAWS – Application Fire Sensor Networks

Test Setup Development&

Analysis

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3-Phase Deployment

Field Testing

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 100010

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Slave sniff

Master sniff

Slave active

Master active

mA

samplesStandby

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JAWS – Automated Test Case Generation

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Target Sensor Network

Deployment-Support – Closing the Loop…

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Acknowledgements

BTnode Core TeamOliver Kasten, Matthias Ringwald, Kay Römer, Friedemann MatternPhilipp Blum, Matthias Dyer, Kevin Martin, Lennart Meier, Luca Negri, Martin Hinz, Lothar Thiele

MICS Algorithms CollaborationRegina O’ Dell-Bischoff, Fabian Kuhn, Aaron Zollinger, Roger Wattenhofer

Related publicationsL. Negri, J. Beutel and M. Dyer. The Power Consumption of Bluetooth Scatternets. CCNC 2006.J. Beutel, M. Dyer, L. Meier, and L. Thiele. Scalable topology control for deployment-sensor networks. IPSN 2005.J. Beutel. Robust Topology Formation using BTnodes. Computer Communications 2005.J. Beutel, M. Dyer, M. Hinz, L. Meier, M. Ringwald. Next-Generation Prototyping of Sensor Networks. SenSys 2004.J. Beutel, O. Kasten, F. Mattern, K. Römer, F. Siegemund, and L. Thiele. Prototyping wireless sensor network applications with BTnodes. EWSN 2004.J. Beutel, O. Kasten and M. Ringwald. BTnodes - A Distributed Platform for Sensor Nodes. SenSys 2003.

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To probe further…

http://www.btnode.ethz.ch