DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, IUPUI ME 414 THERMAL-FLUID DESIGNFALL 2007

Irrigation Design and Heat Exchanger DesignNeil BarnesThomas HyltonLalit KumarManan LangaliaMatt Zwiesler

Objective

Design an efficient irrigation system for a given yard

Calculate and minimize utility and all other costs

Minimize wasted water Calculate time to deliver

one inch of water to the entire yard

Choosing a Sprinkler Head

Chosen based on size, type of spray, and cost

Need to spray in a generally uniformed and controlled area

Spray, over-spray, and wasted water needs to be taken into account

Head Placement in Yard

35’ radius heads were impact/ratchet heads Poor design because low overlap and high cost

sprinkler heads Based on the tutorial ratchet along with spray

heads is not recommended

Head Placement in Yard

Design using 24’, 18’, and rectangular heads

Ruled out because of the pricing difference

Price difference between this and chosen design: $450.00

Head Placement in Yard

Chosen to reduce costs Only two different sprinkler heads

(rectangular and 18’ head)

Square Head Decision

Chosen as a result of less wasted water Square spray heads would spray with

uniform coverage and would not need to overlap

8 heads spaced uniformly in rectangular strip of yard

Toro 570 4x30’ Center Strip Nozzle

Piping Layout

Reduce materials, bends, and joints Sprinkler heads in each row in series and

each row is in parallel Parallel allows equal pressure loss in each

branch of pipe with constant flow rate Series allows equal flow rates in each

branch, but pressure changes in each branch

Parallel allows for easy cleaning if blockages occur

Bill of Materials

Part Individual Cost Quantity Total Cost4" Sprayer - 1804P Rainbird (18') $2.50 52 $130.00

Rainbird Nozzle $1.20 52 $62.40

Toro 4x30 Nozzle (rectangular center strip)

$1.10 8 $8.80

Toro Sprayer for 4x30 Nozzle $1.99 8 $15.92

Wilkins Backflow Preventer $61.80 1 $61.80

Rainbird DV Series Valve $13.97 4 $55.88

ESP Indoor Controller $84.95 1 $84.95PVC (pressure pipe) $0.94/10 ft 1500 ft $141.00PVC elbow $0.23 12 $2.76PVC Tees $0.23 68 $15.64

Total $579.15

Comparison Individual Cost Quantity Total CostRainbird Rotor Sprinkler (24') $18.35 35 $642.25

AFT 1st Iteration (No zones)

• High flow rates• Not enough pressure

AFT 2nd Iteration (2 zones)

AFT 3rd Iteration (4 zones)

ZONE 1 of 4

Final Results

PROJECT 2

Heat Exchanger Design

Design Requirements

Remove 1.2 MW of heat from process water Process water

Inlet temperature 90 ◦C Exit temperature 40 ◦C

City water Inlet temperature during summer is 25 C

Minimize tube side and shell side pressure drops

Minimize cost due to weight and material used

Minimize the heat exchanger volume

Design Process

DOE analysis with Matlab and Minitab Initial DOE

Eliminate insignificant factors-down to 12 variables

Learn effects of change in variables Final DOE

Four most significant variables chosen based on effect seen in main effects plots

Optimization Four variables analyzed Design goals met with optimal values

DOE process

Run 2 sets of 6 initially All variables related to

effects on output variables: Weight of HE Shell-Side DP Tube-Side DP Q, heat transfer

List of final four variables: Tube OD Baffle Space Tube Length Shell ID

Main Effects Plots

DP Tube Plot Q Calculated Plot

Main Effects Plots

DP Shell Plot Weight Plot

Optimization

Minitab statistically equates effects of variables and interactions

Used to confirm main effects plots

Pareto charts of Q and Weight

Optimization Plots

Initial optimization with custom tube od required

Final optimization with standard tube od

Results

Critical Variables

Value

Baffle Space 0.50 m

Shell Inner Diameter

0.304812”

Tube Outer Diameter

0.0111 m7/16”

Tube Length 4.545 m

Critical System Characteristics

Value

Heat Transfer Rate

1.2e6 W

Overall System Weight

381.69 kg

Tube-side Pressure Drop

438.955 Pa

Shell-Side Pressure Drop

3623.99 Pa

Summary

Success Met 1.2 MW requirement Weight minimized DP shell-side and tube-side minimized

Questions?

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