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Department of Defense Investigation Into Sources and Effects of Counterfeit Electronic Components
Art Ogg, Global Director of QualityWorld Micro, Inc. [email protected] & 770.722.8172
PRESENTATION OUTLINE:
• How to idnetify parts•Travel from source to customer•How often change hands, how paid for•Parts disposition •Shenzen trip details• Resistance to Solvents
4
PRE- AS5553: “ Items that are produced or distributed in violation of intellectual property rights, copyrights or trademarks”.
AS 5553 Definition (July-2009):
• Parts that do not contain the proper internal construction• Used parts, refurbished parts or reclaimed but sold as new• Parts with different package style or surface plating• Parts which have not successfully completed the OCM testing• Parts sold as being up screened which have not been up screened• Parts with modified labeling or markings intended to misrepresent
DEFINITION OF A COUNTERFEIT COMPONENT
OPEN COUNTERFEIT ACTIVITIES
OBSERVED COUNTERFEITING PRACTICES IN CHINA, DECEMBER, 2010
INTERNET VENDORS OF C/F PARTS MULTI-STORY BUILDING OF VENDORS
FACILITY IN SHENZHEN CHINA FOR INTERNET SALE OF PARTS
PACKAGE INSPECTIONS
• Confirm the external package labels with a bar code reader
• Examine the shipping bag for cuts, tears, vacuum seal, labels
• Are parts in a proper bag; ESD type, MBB type, non-ESD type
• For MSD; is there a HIC, desiccant and is the bag sealed
INSPECTING A FACTORY SEALED BOX
THE BAG IS MISSING THE HIC & DESICCANTAND THERE IS NO ESD OR MBB LOGOS
THE BAR CODES DO NOT MATCH THE LABEL
THE CRACK SHOWS THE FALSE TOP COATING
INK DEFECTS DEMONSTRATES FAKE MARKINGS
Check for Multiple D/C’s
RESISTANCE TO SOLVENTS
• Marker Permanency Test (used to test for uncured ink)
• Acetone Wash Test (used to test for false top coats)
A MIXTURE OF 3 PARTS MINERAL SPIRITS AND 1PART ALCOHOL IS USED FOR TESTING FOR A
RE-MARKED COMPONENT.
MIL-STD-883 (METHOD 2015.13) REQUIRES MARKINGSTO WITHSTAND A SWAB WASH WITHOUT FADING.
MIL-STD-202 (METHOD 215) PROVIDES FOR A SIMILAR TEST.
THE “MARKER PERMANENCY TEST”(NOTE: THIS TEST IS NOT FOR LASER MARKED PARTS)
THIS INK WAS NOT APPLIED BY THE OCM
FALSE TOP COATS
ACETONE REMOVES THE FALSE TOP COATING
THE RESULTS OF USING ACETONE ON A FALSETOP COATING. A GOOD COMPONENT WILL NOT
BE AFFECTED BY ACETONE..
REJECT A PART THAT HAS A SHINY OR GRAINY TOP
False Top Coating Removed
CORRECT MOLD INCORRECT MOLD
Check Mold Cavity for Coatings
Pin-1 Dimple is Coated
THE SUFFIX OF THE P/N WHEN VIEWED FROM ONE ANGLE IS
SHOWN AS “EEAI”
THIS SAME PART WHEN VIEWEDFROM A DIFFERENT ANGLE SHOWS
THE P/N USED TO BE “EGAI”
“EEAI” IS A FAST VERSION “EGAI” IS A SLOWER VERSION
REMARKED COMPONENT TO MAKE IT APPEAR TO BE A MILITARYGRADE COMPONENT INSTEAD OF THE ORIGINAL COMMERCIAL.
FAKE LOGO MARKS
EXAMPLES OF COUNTERFEIT PHILIPS LOGOS
CHIPPED CORNERSFROM REMOVAL
Check for Cracks on the Bottom
CHIPS ON CORNER MEANS IT IS A “PULLED PART”WHICH INDICATES THE PARTS ARE USED.
DAMAGED AND RE-PLATEDCOMPONENT LEADS
SOLDER DEFECTS (PILLOWING) IS A SIGN THEYHAVE BEEN RETINNED AND ARE MOST LIKELY USED
TWO EXAMPLES OF LEAD DAMAGE CAUSED FROMBEING IN A CIRCUIT FOR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME.
THIS IS NOT FROM TESTING THE COMPONENT.
EXAMPLE OF A RETINNED LEAD WITH SOLDERDEFECT. THIS IS A REJECT.
Damaged BGA Spheres
Check the Leads for Coatings
Look for Tin Whiskers
CORRECT VIEW OF THESIDES OF LEADS SHOWING
CUTTING MARKS ON THE ENDS
SIDE VIEW OF A U.S. COINSHOWING THE SAME STAMPING
MARKS ON THE SIDE.
DISSIMILAR COUNTRYOF ORIGIN STAMPS
SQUARE HOLES ROUND HOLES DIFFERENT COUNTRY OF ORIGIN
TWO PARTS FROM THE SAME TUBE; DIFFERENTCOUNTRY OF ORIGIN, DIFFERENT LEAD HOLES.
THIS LOT NEEDS TO BE REJECTED.
TANTALUM CAPACITORCOUNTERFEIT TESTING
TESTING FOR COUNTERFEIT TANTALUM CAPACITORS
GOOD PART REFLECTS LIGHT BAD PART IS DULL
PASSES THELIGHT TEST
FAILS THELIGHT TEST
TANTALUM COUNTERFEIT LIGHT TEST
ESD & HANDLING CONSIDERATIONS
THE USE OF MICROSCOPE SYSTEMS TO DETECTCOUNTERFEIT AND REWORK COMPONENTS
CONDUCT THE IDEA-STD-1010 INSPECTION
X-RAY PHOTO OBSERVATIONS
THE USE OF X-RAY SYSTEMS TO DETECTCOUNTERFEIT AND REWORK COMPONENTS
A lot purchased directly from Maxim had 2 date codes. This x-rayshows 2 different die types. The OCM was asked to verify these 2 had the same
specifications. Maxim responded they were the same, which enabled the lot to be released for shipment to the customer.
THE USE OF X-RAY SYSTEMS TO DETECTCOUNTERFEIT AND REWORK COMPONENTS
TWO DIFFERENT DIES FOUND IN ONE REEL OF PARTSA lot with the same D/C, L/C, P/N, etc. was examined visually. The parts were suspected as being
blacktopped and remarked after visual inspection. A sample was inspected using x-ray. This photo shows two distinctly different internal die’s. The lot was therefore rejected
as a result of this x-ray photo.
THE USE OF X-RAY SYSTEMS TO DETECTCOUNTERFEIT AND REWORK COMPONENTS
TWO DIFFERENT DIES FOUND IN ONE REEL OF PARTS
CORRECT DIE INCORRECT DIEThis lot of components did not come with traceability records, it was given a detailed examination with high powered microscopy. No anomalies were noticed. A (15) piece
sample was examined using x-ray and it was discovered that ~ one in five pieces had a different die as shown in the photo on the right. The entire lot was rejected.
THE USE OF X-RAY SYSTEMS TO DETECTCOUNTERFEIT AND REWORK COMPONENTS
1- Unknown part has the markings upside down.2- Unusual S-shaped bond with a ball at the end.3- Top down looks alright.4- Known good part does not have “S” bond or the ball at the end of the wire.5- Known good part looks OK in the top down view.
1 2 3
4 5
THE USE OF X-RAY SYSTEMS TO DETECTCOUNTERFEIT AND REWORK COMPONENTS
MISSING DIE IN COUNTERFEIT COMPONENT ON THE RIGHT
The components at left are normal. The two on the right aroused suspicions due to topographical irregularities. They were x-rayed and compared with known good
parts on the left. They were rejected.
SUMMARY PROCEDURES
• Inspect packaging for damage and verify labels• Always be mindful of handling and ESD concerns• Compare the components to the OCM data sheet• Inspect leads; retinning, bent, co planarity, solder balls, observe the tips• check for false top coating, remarking, surface scratches• Compare top surface to bottom surface• Check pin-1 and mold cavity for foreign material• Check for corrosion anywhere on the part• Check for cracks or chips• Conduct resistance to solvents testing when applicable• Use the IDEA-STD-1010 Inspection Standard
WHAT IS NEEDED
A CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT ADMINISTERED REPOSITORYWHERE CONFIRMED COUNTERFEIT COMPONENTS CAN BE SENT
•ALLOWS DISTRIBUTORS TO STOP PAYMENT TO THE SUPPLIER•REQUIRES THE SUPPLIER AGREE TO DISPOSITION WITH THE U.S.•THIS PLAN WOULD REMOVE CONFIRMED C/F FROM SUPPLY CHAIN•THE OCM’S WOULD NEED TO COOPERATE TO CONFIRM DIAGNOSIS
WHAT IS NEEDED
AN OFFICAL U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHED DEFINITION FORA COUNTERFEIT ELECTRONIC COMPONENT:
•ICE HAS ONE BASED UPON INTELECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS•AS 5553 HAS ONE BASED UPON COMPONENT MODIFICATIONS•AS 6081 BEING WORKED ON, WILL HAVE YET ANOTHER
•The distribution market place is not certain which definition applies at any one point in time.
WHAT IS NEEDED
A GOVERNMENT SPONSORED DATA BASE TRACKINGCONFIRMED COUNTERFEIT ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
•GIDEP IS ON THE RIGHT TRACK BUT ONLY TRACKS THOSE THAT WERE SOLD TO GOVERNMENT & AEROSPACE SITES
•THE U.S. GOVERNMENT TRACKS EVERY COUNTERFEIT BILL BY S/N, LOCATION FOUND, DENOMINATION, ETC.
•THIS PROGRAM NEEDS TO BE EXPANDED TO COMBAT THE ENTIRE POPULATION OF COUNTERFEITS NOT JUST MILITARY
WHAT IS NEEDED
INDUSTRY WIDE COOPERATION IS NEEDED TO IMPROVE:
•ORIGINAL COMPONENT MANUFACTURERS (OCM’S) WILL NOT COOPERATE WITH ANY ENTITIY WHO DID NOT PURCHASE PARTS FROM THEM OR THEIR FRANCHISED DISTRIBUTORS
•DISTRIBUTORS MUST SEND SUSPECTED C/F PARTS TO A 3RD PARTY
•WITH OCM COOPERATION, THE SPREAD OF C/F PARTS COULD BE GREATLY REDUCED
WHAT IS NEEDED
ELIMINATE CONFUSION OVER WHO DECLARES A PARTAS BEING A COUNTERFEIT
•SOME SAY ONLY THE OCM CAN MAKE THE CALL
•OTHERS SAY A 3RD PARTY ANALYSIS HOUSE CAN
•STILL OTHERS RELY ON ANY IDEA-CERTIFIED PROFESSIONAL INSPECTOR
WHAT IS NEEDED
THERE NEEDS TO BE A GOVERNMENT ENDORSED PROGRAM FOR CERTIFYING INDEPENDENT DISTRIBUTORS:
•THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD ADOPT THE IDEA INSPECTION STANDARD FIRST THEN ENDORSE AN IDEA PROGRAM FOR FOR CERTIFYING INDEPENDENT DISTRIBTORS. ONE SUCH PROGRAM IS BEING WRITTEN.
•ONCE THE PROGRAM IS IN PLACE, THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD PURCHASE ONLY FROM THOSE WHO ARE CERTIFIED.
World Micro Thanks The Department of Defense for This Opportunity to Present Counterfeit
Detection Techniques and Observations
Dan Ellsworth, President770 698-1900
Art Ogg, Quality [email protected] 698-1900 & 770 722-8172
