Prof. Arch. Manlio MICHIELETTO PhD

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Department of Architectural Technology and Design

9A.A. 2015/16

HISTORY & THEORY_I

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4. Schedule of Lectures001 Syllabus + Architecture002A - 002B3500 BCE – 2500 BCE > 1500 BCE – 800 BCE003 Toward a Classical Architecture: The order(s) of the Temple004 The Classical Architecture: Vitruvius and Rome005 400 CE – 600 CE006 800 CE – 1000 CE

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4. Schedule of Lectures007 120000814000091600010 1700011 18000121900

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1. 1600 CEThanks to the establishment of reliable cross continentaland coastal trade, the Eurasian world from Japan towestern Europe had become a contiguous economicpower bloc by the 17th century.

Wealth and ideas traveled in the baggage or minds oftraders, migrants, and armies.

But this old-world order was now increasingly underminedby the newly arising, more efficient ocean trade.

Imagine a traveler in 1652 starting a trip through Europeand Asia to study the latest developments in the field ofarchitecture. HISTORY_THEORY_I‐LECTURE_009

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1. 1600 CEStarting in Japan, he is led through the Ninomaru Palace inNijo Castle, located in the heart of Kyoto, the capital ofJapan.

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1. 1600 CEHe then visits the austere Katsura Imperial Villa and isintroduced by his hosts to the newly developed intricaciesof the Zen tea ceremony.

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1. 1600 CETraveling with a Mongolian commander into the heart ofManchuria through Mukden, its capital, he visits the thenstill relatively recently constructed Forbidden City, whichwas then being refurbished by the new Manchu rulers whohad just taken over Beijing, in the heart of which it islocated.

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1. 1600 CEThe times are just stable enough to travel to the nearbyMing Tombs.

On the way, he discusses with his guides the pros and consof the Chinese international seafaring voyages and whetheror not they should be continued.

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1. 1600 CEHe then works his way southward into the highland plateauof Tibet to visit the dramatic Potala Palace, built on a steeprocky crest for the fifth Dalai Lama, whose supporters hadcarved out an important political territory in the LhasaValley in the Himalayas.

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1. 1600 CEDescending to the fertile plains of the Ganges River, henow travels through areas controlled by one of theIslamized descendants of the Mongols, Akbar the Great.

He makes his way past Man Mandir, one of the grand16th-century palaces of the city of Gwalior in central India,and on to Delhi and its expansive palaces.

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1. 1600 CEHe inspects the great planned city of Fatehpur Sikri, capitalof the Mughal Empire from 1571 to 1585, laid out byAkbar himself, and then heads up the Yamuna River to seethe just-completed Illumined Tomb, later known as the TajMahal.

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1. 1600 CEThere he hears of new Portuguese settlers living in a smallcoastal town called Goa.

He then heads for Kandahar and crosses into Persianterritory, following the trade routes to Isfahan, where hesees that city’s vast enormous city square, sumptuousmosques, and broad royal gardens.

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1. 1600 CEThere he meets traders from as far away as England.

From Isfahan, he crosses mountains and deserts into areasnewly controlled by the Ottomans and, following the oldSeljuk caravan routes, makes his way to Antioch on theMediterranean Sea, where he boards a ship to Istanbul.

This city, taken by the Ottomans in 1453, was in theprocess of being rebuilt by its new lords. He admires thegreat Hagia Sophia, but his guide points out to him thesuperiority of the mosques recently built by Mimar Sinan(1489–1588), the great architect and engineer.

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1. 1600 CEFrom Istanbul he departs on a merchant ship for thesomewhat faded port of Venice and is told there ofeconomic hardships and of Dutch competition while beingshepherded to the church of St. Giorgio Maggiore byAndrea Palladio.

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1. 1600 CEThe dome of St. Peter’s Basilica, based on designs byMichelangelo and one of the most demanding and excitingbuilding projects in all of Europe, was just being finished.In front of the church, he sees a vast area that has justbeen cleared to make way for Gian Lorenzo Bernini’scolonnaded Piazza of St. Peter’s.

He takes the time to visit the recently finished building byFrancesco Borromini, Sant’Ivo alla Sapienza, and todiscuss with its priests their efforts to strengthen theCounter-Reformation.

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1. 1600 CEFrom the Roman port of Ostia he travels by boat toMarseilles and then northward, working his way throughFrance.

He admires the new wealth of the aristocracy and seessome of the great châteaux, such as the Château deChambord of Francis I on the Loire River, whose doublehelical staircase may have been designed by Leonardo daVinci (who, invited by Francis I, had spent his retirementyears near the king).

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1. 1600 CEOur traveler also visits the Place Royale in Paris, stoppingalong the way to admire the great cathedrals.

But to see the energy of the Europeans in action, he goesto Amsterdam, a world metropolis with neither grandpalaces nor dominating churches but with a bustling port,testimony to Dutch mercantile prowess.

He visits the new city hall and bank with the world mapsinlaid in marble on the floor.

He takes time to visit his first Protestant churches, plain andaustere, and is told of terrible religious wars.

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1. 1600 CEIn crossing the English Channel, he visits the newly builtBanqueting House (1619–22).

It is one of the first buildings in England to be designed inthe modern Italianate manner, and the structure representsan ambitious but—from the point of view of the Chinese,Mughals, Ottomans, and Dutch—still relatively marginalpower, for England’s major export commodity was stillwool, and its foreign policy was still driven more by piracythan by politics.

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nspamanlio@gmail.com

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