UNITED ffi!ATES DEPART1..uNr OF THE OOil\IOR Harold L. Ickes, Secretary

v U .S, GFDIDG ICAL SURVEY William E. Wrather, Director

ENG INEERTI~ REPORT ON

GRAYBURG COOPUW IVE AND UN IT .ABEA.

Eddy County, New Mexico

by

Jolm A. Barnett and Men.ri.n H. Soyster (Conservation Brru£h - Oil & Gas Leasing Divi sion)

121.39.3

1.21)9)

Engineerir~ Report on

GRAYBURG COOPER.AT IVE AND UN IT AREA

J Eddy County , New Me.xi co

..

John A. BRrnet t and Merwin H. Soyster

rhis report covers the area committed to the Grayburg Cooperative and Unit Agreement (I-Sec. )70) apnroved by the Assistant Secretary of the Interior on October 5, 194), hereafter referred to as the "unit area", embracing 4,769.44 acres of public land in T. 17 S., Rs. ;a ;md JO E., Eddy County, liew l-iexico. The area includes portions of t he Anderson, Grayburg""'Jackson, and Leonard oil fields as defined for proration purposes by the New Mexico Oil Conservation Cormnission. The unit area is covered by Federal oil and gas leases o~~ed by the Grayburg Oil Company of Ne"' ~'iexico and the \·,estern Production Co~rzy, Inc. The Grayburg Unit Association has been formed and desi&nRted to conduct and manage all operations in the unit area. As of December Jl, 194), there were forty-six producing oil wells ~t r i thin the unit area.

rhe report has been prepared for the purpose of as~isting the Grayburg Unit Association in determining the l)roper locations of gar·injection wells and the best raetho~s for future operation of the pressure-meir4;,anance system that is being installed for the purpose of retarding the reservoir pressure decline Rnd in­creasing the ult~te recovery of oil from the Grayburg Zone defined in the ,above­mentioned agreement as formations not more than JJOO feet belo~· the surface. Data used in the repcrt were obtained from records on file in the Geological Survey office at Rvswell, New Mexico, and ·from the records of the Western Produc­tion Company and the Grayburg Oil CompRQY. All data were careful~ checked as to accuracy with engineers and fields repr esentatives of both companies.

Maps, cross-sections and curves.

Included with this report are the following illustrations:

l. h'ell-record map, sho,,ring boundaries of the Cooperat ive and Unit Area, well locations, o~nership and serial numbers of Federal oil and gas leases, and a type log of subsurface formations penetrated. In addition, the elevations, . geologic correlation points, and other pertinent data are in~icated for each well.

2. Structure !!la , contoured :on top of the "Red Sand".

J. Production ~ e map. This map was prepBred by correlation of all sample logs and electrical logs available. An index to the zones will be found in the type log included with the maps of the area.

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4. Bottom-l~le ~essure ~ap. The pressures, c0rrected to a datum of 800 feet above sea level, were tru~en durine the ~eriod October 4, 1943, to January 8, 1944. For a few wells, current pressures :Jere not available . For those wells the last available pressure tests were used (t~{en "1thin the p1st year) and so indicated.

5. Production chart, indicating the annual oil p~oduction, cumulative oil production , and number of wells producing at the end of each yea1·.

6. Production decline curve. This curve ~~as constructed by plotting individual production declines of several representative •:•ells that are believed to have been produced with practically unrestricted flow, and qy interpolating a family decline curve therefrom. The normal future rate of ~reduction decline, using primary producing methods, was then obtained by projecting the curve on logarithmic cross-section paper.

7. Bottom-hole pressure decline c.urve. This curve \o!as obtained by averaging the rates cf pressure decline of all to•ells, plot ted "Ji th reference to the time elapsed between the completion of each w~ll and the recording of bottom-hole pressures. The future rate of pressure decline was then esti­mated by logarithmic projection.

8. Cross-section A-A' , showing t he geology and det ails of the ~roducing formations along a line of wells from the west to the east side of the unit area~

9. Cross-section B-B 1 - C1 northwest-southeast do.,.m-dip section.

10. Cross-section C-.C' - a. nort htoJest-southeast do\'.rn-dip section,

History.

The first oil product ion i n the w1it are-t:!. w~s obtained in 19.29 by Gr~burg Oil Company in i t s Burch No. 2-A well, locat~d 1980 feet from the south line and 660 feet f rom the west line of sec. 19, T. 17 S., R. 30 E. This well was drilled to a total u~pth of 3142 f~et and completed on June 27, 1929, for an initial pro~~~tion of 50 barrels of 36.3 API ~ravity oil per day. It was subsequently dee"Oened to 3204 feet without encountering •.,•ater or add.i tional oil.

0\.ring to adverse business conb tions, lack of knoviledge as to the extent of the productive area, and. other f act ors, drilling in this area was conducted sporadically up to August 1937. ::XU·ing that period only eight wells were completed, aver agi ng one well ner year. Bet· ... ·een August 1, 1937, and September 1, 1941, a total of 12 wells ..,.,ere completed, an average of 3 wells per year. From SeptE:.t'Jer 1, 1941, to January 1, 1944, ~ total of 26 wells "·ere completed for an ave:c<::15e of slightly less than 12 wells pe r year. 1

I I

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The area has been developed 1.·•ith a well-spacing nattern of one well to each 40-acre subdivision. All recent drilling r~s oeen in the center of such subdivisions . Production has ranged from the unrestricted yield of earlier wells to a maximum dail~r allowable of less than 30 barrels T)er well, and more recently has been at a maximum daily ~·ell allm·.rable of 48 barrels, which is the current top allowable for ,~•ells in other fields in southeastern New Mexico, as determined by the New Mexico Oil Conservation Commission.

Stratigraphy.

The surface of the unit area consists largely of small shifting sand hills, which preclude a detennination of surface structure by examination of outcrops. The stratigraphy conse1 ently has been determined by a study and correlation of samples of formations drilled, together v•ith the correlation of electrical logs. Nomenclature, correlations ,qnd forma.tion intervals used in this repqrt are qased on stt14~ez of southeast Uew 1/,exico and West Texas by Dickeyl!, King~ and other&V •

The surface sand is underlain by approximately 250 feet of Eandstone and red shale \tJhich is undifferentiated but generally classified as belong­ing to the Dockum group of Triassic age. The ower portion of these beds, usually sandstone or sandy red sru'3.le, me1_y be th De1·•ey L:~ke redbeds of Permian age. Below this horizon all forn1ations n ~~ t rated thus far are of Permian age.

Unconformably below the Dewey lake ( ?) redbeds occurs the Rustler formation, approximately 100 to 200 feet in thickness, composed mainly of anhydrite, with li~estone present in so~e areas.

The Salado fo:r.r.ation, corn·nonly kno,,•n as the "s?.lt section", consists of 4oo to 500 feet of salt, often potash-b~.qri~, '-''ith occasional thin beds of anhydrite.

1} Dickey, R. I., Geologic section from Fisher County tP~ough Andrews County I Texas, to E:ldy County. New rftexico: Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. I

Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 37-51, January 1940.

5} King, P. B., Per.nian of lt/est Texas an sout heastern ~e~,o.r }l;exico: A~er. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull., Vol. 26, No. 4, Anril 1942. ~

· J} The Oil and GP..s Resources of New l·1exico, Second Edition: New Mexico School of Mines, State Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Bull. 18, 1942.

3

121J9J

Formations below the Salado art shown in detail on the cross-sections ond type lo,~ . It will be noted that a sJ•stem of numbers for t!1e producing zones in the Sen Andres formation is shown. This is in confor:·ali ty .,.,i th a system originated in many other southeastern New Mexico fields by the Ros\a.'ell office of the Oil and Gas Leasing Division, Conservation Branch, Geological Survey~, and now commonly used by mai\Y New Mexico O"!)erators, ~eologists, and engineers. As most of the oil found in tte unitized Piea occurs in the San Andres fo~tion, there are indicated on the cross-sections only the corre­lations of zones 7, 8, 9 and 10, which are the zones known to produce oil in tl::.e San Andres. Only four wells i.'1 the area produce oil from tha Grayburg for.nation--t~~ from zone 5 and two from zone 6. Below the eLghth zone corre­lations are made almost entirely on the occurrence of oil pays rather than on stratigraphy or lithology. In zome areas, it is quite likely that oil pays in zones 9 and 1~ may be inter-communicative. Particularly in the western portion of the unit area, zones 9 and 10 arE clos~ly related Pnd somev!hnt difficult to correlate, and for production and engineering purposes might properly be considered. As one zone.

Structure.

Subsurface contours on top of the 11Red Sand n sho· · th2 structure .,..i thin the tm.it area to be an eastt•rard plu.11,.~ing 211ticline, slight4' asmetrical, with a steeper south flank, from \·Jhich flank tl::.e greater portion of oil has been produced. The regional di~ is approximately 50 feet to the mile in e southeast'.o~ard direction, nnd the local dip of the so:.1theastern flank of the anticline is approxtmately 200 feet ~er mile. There is no evidence of faulting. It is quite probable that, although structure has been a general factor in­fluencing the accumulation of oil, the very irregular nature of the eccumula­tions of oil is due to variations in permeability and cc:nent3tion of the reservoir rock, and to minor structural flexures that serve as barriers or stratigraphic traps.

Reservoir Conditions.

As stated above, the major portion of the oil uroduced is from the San Andres formation. The anx>unt of production from ea.ch well is dependent upon the porosity and permeability of the :producing zones, \<.'hich often vary greatly from well to well. No cores have bea~ taken in the unit area, and it is not possible to state the re~e of perosities and. penneabilities.

Productive zones, consisting of porous dolomite in the San Andres fo~R­tion, are relatively thin. Several wells have thus far produced in excess of 150,000 barrels of ·ail, and some in excess of )50,000 barrels. On the other hand, some wells in the area will probably not yield 50,000 barrels ultimately. This is indicative of the ~ide range in porosity and permeability of the producing zones.

IJj Barnett, John A,. rtialjCl!llar Pool, 'Ihe Oil rmd Gas Resources of Ne\<r Mexico, Ne\o.' Mexico School of Mines, Stc.te Bureau of Mines and !.fineral Resources, Bull. 18, P'P• 243-244, 1942.

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12.1393

It is ordinarily necessar,y to shoot the formationG above the s~n Andres, where found productive, in order to establis."l com.7.ercial produc­tion. It is like\•'ise necessary to acidize under nressure the producing zones encountered in the San Andres formation, in. most wells. A few wells have been drilled that requu~e neither shooting ncr acidizing.

Water.

\'later in varying amounts is generally encountered at a short distance above the top of the salt, but no water is known to have been encountered below the salt. The production of water \dth tr..e oil in the unit area has never been a problem. Lack of core data precludes the possibility of de­termining the amount of connate or interstitial water in the oil sands. Estimates based on neighboring fields where determinations have been made, indicate a probability of 15 to 30 percent connP.te water. There is no evidence of either a direct or an indirect water drive in the area.

Drilling and production methods.

All •. .,ells in the unit area have been drilled \.ri th celble-tool drilling equipment, usually portable machines. The average cost of drillill{; and completing a well for production is approx~tely $15,000.

The usual drilling progr8m provides for a strinr of 10-J/4-inch or 8-5/8-inch casing set in the anhydrite immediately above the top of the Salado or "salt section" at depths ran~il1g from JOO to 50C feet, and cemented \·lith 50 sacks of cement, precaded by mud circulated to the sur­face. This se~es as an "anchor string", end affords protection to the potash-bearing salt beds from infiltration of upper waters. It also affords protection against cavin~ of the ~~er strata. A strir~ of 7-inch or 5-J/16-inch casing is then set at a point apDroxi~tcly 100 feet above the first producing zone, and ce.rne.1te<i. with 100 sacks of cement, preceded by mud circulated to the surface •

.tUthough \orells are sometimes swabbed into nroduction and completed naturally, it is usually necessary to stimulate production by acidizing the dolomite pay zones under pressure, in order to obtain production in commercial q~antities. The oil is generally produced through 2-inch tubing, set about 20 or JO feet above the pay zone.

I All wells in the unit area are flo•:.ring excent Grayburg Oil Company

No. 9-A Burch, which is being "f?UliTf)ed.. The oil is u.sUBlly produced inter­mittently through surface chokes on the tubing, in order to conserve ga.s~ No bottom-hole chokes have been used, although it is contemplated tha.t such practice may be resorted to in the future in order that the production may be attained ,,,ithout pumping equipr:ent after bot to:n-hole pressures have been further repuced. Under l?resent practices, annroximately 215 pounds

I 5

12139.3

per square inch is the minimum pressw·e at '.•.rhich the ,,,ells • .. rill contir.ue to flot.r~ It :nay De noted by reference to the bottom-hole pressure map accomnP-''lYing this report that bottorr.-hole pressures in the unit area raP~e from 230 to 1,018 pounds per square inch, d~ending upon the location and age of the wells.

Production data.

~o January 1, 1944 . total of 2,766,150 barrels of oil r~ been produced from 1,920 acres of pro 'led oil land in the unit area, which represents an average recovery of approximately 1,440 barrels per acre. However, most of the ~ells in the area have been drilled in recent years, and one well that has been producing for almost 10 years has yielded ~re than 11,000 barrels per acre and still pro-duces more than 4o barrels of oil per day.

The initial, cumulative, and present daily production date on each '-''ell in the unitized area are tabulated below:

OIL PROilJCTION DATA--GRAYSU:-\G COOPliRATIVE AND UrHr AREA

Cumulative Average Initial production production

rate of production through 1943- December 194 3-Comoan.y Lease Well completion 3arrels,d.ly. :BArrels :Barrels, daily

Gray burg Burch ~A 6-27-'E 50 142,6.31 14.5

" " 3-A 5 -6-32 520 255,966 17.2

" " 4-,A 1-15-34 425 373,386 '35.1 " " 5-A 5 -5-34 525 453,996 46.2

" II 6-A 4-11-)5 341 196,109 30.6 It " 7-A 8-30-36 44o 139,879 .31.2 " " 8-A 11 -4-)7 20 18,.391 3.3 II II 9-A 1~10-37 25 29,200 13.7 II It lQ-A ~ 5-38 35 19,797 3.2 " " 11-A 4-11-)8 105 65,186 14.2

" " 12-A 7-11-39 175 92,4.5.5 25.6 II " 13-A 12-20-)9 206 60,681 18.7

" " 14-A 11-30-43 16 243 7.8

" " 1-B 8-27-41 )2 23,0.32 25,1 " IT ~B 11- 9-41 80 24,698 26.4 II " J-B 1 -9-42 150 2.3,406 26.0

" IT 4-B .3 -7-42 {0 19,990 26.2

" " 5-B 7 -2-42 125 17 ,6J7 26.1

" n 6-B 4-29-42 ~co 24,.359 47.6R " " 7-B 9-14-42 2(;6 18,.380 .37.1 " " 8-B .3-26-43 125 10,702 36.8 " Keely 2-A 11 -5-:8 280 303,66.3 18.3 " " 3-A 7-'E-37 155 73,728 18.3

" " 4-A 3-21-.38 100 47,951 22.7

" II 5-A 6 -J-4o 28 25 '75.3 2.3.0 " II 6-A 9-29-4.3 200 4,795 .5.3.3R

" " 7-A 9-29-43 200 4,763 .51.4R

.... '" 121)9)

1-t-·H-+-t+-t-H -+-+-+-H -+--' · 1- I f-~- H-:-1--t- - __ !_ - • _;__ •. ! L :.:-::. . . ... .L ! . . - :::::!-:-.:..__ -~-Ll-:_ -++-t-t-J-1--! ' _:_1-ir-r-H-++-t-t-H __J ' ·l-H-~! -~~ ~~-w-- 1- "!fa..!_ r !.\--~ __ .Ll.J . -u ·-- - -- :=II.. . _!.., - I -- ~ ' +· H--..l -.. + _; l+t-; i- I _,- ! ;- ~·~ f-!--; ·- ·-·-:_ .... , __ ;-•-: !- '; ;_;- !· l· l+:I±- +t-;.+1-+-l....!.-+--++-++-''-t

1"1 - · t , ·!-,- ·Tt-;-r -1-t+ti - .. '-H --ji-P+ ·T: r ·T •-1-r·;l··;- --· --;-; ,1-+-<H-:....;.....,.-- '!

- H- 1-1--- ~f·-__ -___ ·~· _ -:- -1 1 · 1 , , . : 1- -~±J_~.-- -r-l+ -H- -· ! ll-;- + · -'- --Lf-I-H-H-t--'f--t-I--1H -+1H-HH- I± - t -tf . .J:' ~ - :l. .c -l ~ ·· -f·:r.~ :.-+f · r--;- ~ ~ +·j~ l=i=J:~ I :.L.lTi -;,+ ++++++H~3+ ~H+-l..+-~++++-1H--H-++;- ··1-- h - + - - -1 +- + ·; i 1 r-r- r; -i-r l+~t r ' · · 1 • •

I ' I -- ! I 1.; I I ; -·- - I I

j",... I.:· I I" ; r -· i ·- I rr r

I I j - ·i I I.

i~~T~+:;-~~~~i:~,~~~ -: -· + ___ :_:_·~~-:-+~-~:_-- :_: __ ~·--· --~--[ _! _:-_J=~~--: --t-----~--~t----~~---+-----+----~-- ~- -~~~~~-: -_:_~_:_4-~:_~ ~---~ ~f+~-·~--~-~:_~~::~~-~=--· -~--~--~~~~;~-~ --: __ ·-~- -: ___ : · _-~: ~ - . ' I\ . / --'~ : -Eh--'~ ( \ ~ ~ -7 -::: ~ ... ~""' . ~ . -

~ . - -~ . . . . . -- . ~ - _, ; ~-~ . . ·- -· . .

"'\; ~e,-'" ~ ti.oo ' · - - -- ·-

~ -~ ... ~ . ~ r=---~ .. : :--: :.=r-~ .;r;;. · '- ~tan · ·

-, . . . :i:: . . . "' - - · !l) . . . . :) · -· --~ . .. . . ~ .- ~;, . ~ . .;, · -

' ~;: c : .:·:: --. - . . -&..:o .

i ~il ' . iaa · 1 • I •

\~?:~~~ :-·- II;::

t'U5 I 'HI

Ye~r

- - .

121393

Grey burg Keely 8-A 11-ll- .3 700 2,631 50.6R

" " 9-A 12-11 43 100 839 52. l+'.r:l

" " 1-:B 5 - '>-43 250 10,528 41.3R

" n 2-B 5- .24-43 338 10,142 41.7R II " J-B C' -8-43 360 5,240 43.6P.

Western Burch 1-C 6 -J-38 50 33,937 11.8 It II 2-C 9-14-38 26 33,8.56 11.9

" " ')...() 9-21-41 30 18,965 15.9 " " 4-C 12- 9-42 32 8,430 17.0 If n 5-C 1-20-43 130 12,321 22.9

" II 6-C 2-14-43 125 11,654 33.3 II " 7-C 4-26-43 30 4,597 16.3

" " 8-C 5-10-43 50 3,933 15.3

" Keely 1-C 9-17-37 108 78,681 30.4

" n 4-C 11-12-42 215 17,510 39.5R II n 5-C J-lJ-43 354 12,4o6 39.5R

" " 6-C 2-27-43 262 14,106 45. 7R

" n 7-C 6-22-43 240 9,283 46.JR n n 8-C B-12-43 300 6,JllL 46.l.R

Total 2,766,150

Note: Rafter Average· productio~ for Decer.:ber 194) indicetes t!1at \·•ell uroduc-tion was restricted by proration.

Oi 1 analyses.

The following analyses were mad.e by the U. S. Geolog ical Survey ?.t CasPer, Wyoming, in accordance \o•ith the U. S. Bureau of Mines HeT.pel method, AlthtHJgh one sample of oil was taken from zone 9 nnd the other sample represents a mixture of oil from zones 9 and 10, the a'18.lyses are quite similar, indicating the prob­ability that intercommunication does exist bet'lleen some of the zones, at least in certain areas.

~le No, 44-0)8, Grayburg Oil Co._j':.Q-' .. -6-A Keelv 11rell, sec. 2;T, 17 S., R. :8 E. From lO'.Ifer -uortion z9ne 9 and zone 10.

Specific Gravity.. .836 Percent sulphur •.•• 90

0 Saybolt Univ, Viscosity at 70 F. Saybolt Univ, Viscosity at 100° F,

43 sec, 39 sec.

A.P. I, Gravity Pour point •... Color ........ . Base ......... .

37.8 Bel0\'1 5° F. Green Intermediate

DI&riLLATION, BUREAU OF r: INES, ID.ivfi'EL ~1El'HOD

Distillation at atmospheric pressure 6)2 rnm, First Drop 75° F,

7

1?1J9J

fo' ra r.tion Cut a t Per Sum 0 A. P. I . s .u. Vise . Cl oud No . 0 ,..,

r • cent

1 122 2. 5 2 167 4. 4 3 212 7.2 4 257 . 5 5 302 7. C 6 347 4. 5 7 392 4.3 8 437 5.3 9 482 5. 4

10 527 6. 0

Distil lation continued at

ll 392 12 437 5.8 13 482 4. 7 14 527 4.3 15 572 6. 4

Residuum 20.3

QCrc ent 60° F.

2. 5 81 . 0 6. 9 74.2

14.1 65 . 9 22.6 5'7 .2 29 .6 51.3 34.1 t7 .8 38 . 4 44. 9 43 . 7 42 .6 49 .1 39. 4 5 5.1 36.2

40 m .

60 . 9 30. 8 65 . 6 28. 9 69 . 9 27 . 0 76 . 3 25 .2

96. 6 16 .2

c.r.

18 22 29 32 32 32 32 34 36

40 42 44 L.f.)

Hl0° E.

46 56 7r:~

1.3 4

Test

25 45 65 85

:'"'II,, •

Carbon res i due of residuum 7. 6% Carbon r esidu..: oi' cr~;dc 1.8%

APPROXIt"J·.TS s: :~i'1A RY

· ~:.. . r . I . i·i s cos i ty , Pcrcc~t 6~° F. s ees .

Light gasol ine •••••••••.••. • ...•. . •• • To tal gasoline and napht ha •• • •• • •. • • •• Kerosene dis t illate •••• • •••.• • .• • • .• •• Gas oil ••..•••.• • • . . · • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · • Nonvis cous lubricating distilla t e •• •• • ~ledium l ubricating distillate •••••• • •• Viscous lubricating distilla t e ••• • •••• Residuum •••••• • •• • • • • • • • • · • • • · · • • • • • • • Distillation l oss ••• • •• • •• • ••••••• .• ••

14.1 70.9 36. 4 58.2

5.3 ~2 . 6 16 . ~ 35.6 Below 5U

9 . '"' J O. O - :2,J . J 50- l \...\) 6 . ~ 26 .) - 23 .2 100- 20(

A bO Vf: 2 ''0 20 . 3 3. 4

16.2 I

Sample No. 44- 039, Graybur g Oil Co . No. 8- B Burc h wel l, ::; ec . 23 , T. 17 s ., R. 29 E. From zone 9.

Specific gravi ty •••• 839 Percent sulphur . • • • · • 97 Saybolt Univ . Viscosit y at 70° F. 42 se c , Saybolt Univ. Vis cosity a t 100° F. 39 se c.

8

A. P. I . gr ~vity •• • Pour point ••• • ••• Color •••• • ••••••• Bas e •••••••••••••

3'' · 2 Be ~ r)'H 5° F • Gr~ :1

Inl rm edia te '

121393

DISTIILA TTON, BURFA U OF Jv.I JES, HEM: ··- l1~T i·:OD

Distillation at a trnospher ic pr P-s sur e 635 mm. Firs t Drop 93° F.

Fraction Cut at Per Sum OA .P. I . S. U. Vis e . Cloud No . Of • ~ P.nt percent 60° F. c.r. 100° F. Test Of .

1 122 1.1 l.l) 2 l c7 3.8 4.9) 71.2 3 212 7.6 12 . 5 65 .3 23 4 257 7.7 20.2 56 . 4 30 5 302 4. 5 24 . 7 50.9 33 6 347 6.6 31.3 48.3 31 7 392 4. 7 36 . 0 45 . 6 31 8 437 5.3 41.3 43 . 0 31 9 .482 5. 5 46 . 8 39. 4 34

10 5~7 6. 3 53 . 1 36 . 2 J6

DisUlla tion continued a t 40 mm.

ll 392 0. 1 53 .2) 12 437 6 . 0 59. ?) :n .o 40 4B 25 13 482 5.0 64.2 28.9 42 56 45 14 527 4.1 6S. 3 26. a 41. '7M 65 15 572 6.2 74. 5 25 . 2 46 124 ::)5

Residuum 21.8 96. 3 16 .1

Carbon r es idue of residuum 7. 6;. Carbon r es i.d 11 C' of crude 1.9%

oA .r .r. Percent 60° F.

Light gasoline •• . .••••••• • •... .. . . ...• Total gasoline and naphtha • •• • . • •. • ••• Keros ene distillate •••• •• •••••• •.•.•. • Gas oil ••..... . . . . .•. ... .. .. . . .. . ... •• ~ onvis cous lubricating distilla te • • • •• !"'ediun lubricati:1g distilla t e • •••• . • •• Viscous lubricat i ng distillate •• • •••••

12 . 5 36 . 0 5.3

16.1 11 .2 5. 8

67 . 5 56 . 4 43 . 0 36.0

30. 1. - 26 .1 26 . l - 21,.3

Res iduum .... .. . .. . .. .... . .. . ... ... ... . 21.8 16 .1 Distillation l oss ... . .......... .. . . ... 3.7

Gas-oil ratios

Viscosity, s ees .

2·0.lo·n 50 50-100

l t..J0-20(• Above 200

Gas- oil ratios in the unit ar0a range from 500 to 430U cubic fe et of gas per barrel of oil . During January 1944 on t est, th2 total gas volume

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from the unit. area averaged 1,354,000 cubic feet with an average prod11ction of 1,425 barrels of oil per day, and a gas-oil ratio for the unit of 947 cubic feet per barrel.

Bottom-hole pressures.

From the bottom-hole pressur~ map it may be noted that bottoffi-hole pressures in the unit area range from a low of 230 to a high of 1,018 pounds per square inch. The average bottom-hole pressure for the area has been computed as approximately 530 pounds per square inch during De­cember 1943. For purposes of this report, low, intermediate, ar.d high pressure areas have been designated and are indicated by appropriate hachures on the bottom-hole pressure "lap. The low pressure area includes all wells with bottom-hole pressur0.s of less than 400 pounds and the high pressure area includes all wells with More than ?00 pounds.

Pressure Maintenance program.

The Grayburg Unit Association contemplates tht) initl.al injection of about one million cubic feet of available casing-head ~a::; per day r ecovered from the producing oil wellfi in the unit area. For t~is purpose there have been installed three compressors with c:. total of 330 horse power and a capacity of 1,250,000 cubic feet of gas op~rating under 20-poun1 intake pressure and 800-pound discturgc pressur e. Initial injection pressures are not expected to exceed ?00 pounds per square inch.

Th~ de termination of wells "lOSt suitable for gas injection is a matter of pr~e import~~ce in the inception of any pressure maintenance program. With the volume of gas available and th~ nu!llber of producing wells in the unit area it was determined that five oil w~lls could reasonably be converted into input wells to give maximum r ecovery of oil for the amount of gas used. It will undoubtedly be necessary to use add~~ional input wells as more oil wells are O"lpleted and more gas becomes availablu for injection within the unit area.

Criteria for determination of gas input wells include such factors as structure, bottom-hole pressures, gas-oil ratios, lithology, permeability, and other characteristics of the producing formation. Thorough study and detailed correlations were made of sample, electric, and drillers' logs, as well as all other available data obtained of the area, hefore the five proposed gas injection wells indicated on the bottom-hole pressure map were selected. The zones from which the wells are producing oil were considered, it being the object to centralize each injection well in a group of wells in the same zone or zones. As s~ated before, practically all the oil pro­duced in the unit area is obtained from zones 9 and 10 and consideration was given to the injection of gas into those two zones only, so that the gas would not be dissipated into barren zon~per 20nes of porosity or sands that could act in some instances as "thiC!t sands" .1s indicated by Dowell Electric Pilot surveys. To insure this further, it is planned to inject gas through tubing with packers set in the injection wells immediately above zone 9.

10

121)93

Four of the five injection wells selected are located between low pressure areas that have been producing for some time, and high pressure areas recently drilled. It is anticiooted that this ~Till serve to retard the rate of decline in high pressure areas and at the same time build up or repressure the low pressure areas, t hereby materiall~, benefitting the recover.y of oil in the entire unit area.

It is ·· ntended that the average field gas-oil ratio shall be maintained below 2,000 cubic feet per barrel, and that where ratios become excessive the oil production will be adjusted, ranedial ta'Ol'k done, or the offending wells shut in to conserve gas and maintain reservoir energy.

Estimate of future production.

The success of a pressure mRintenance project is :neasured by the amount of oil recovered after gas injection as compared ~th a reasonable estimate of the ruoount of oil that would have been recovered ~,i thout the return of gas to the producing formations,

Two decline curves have been prepared, that should aid in evalueting this increased production at a later date, namely, a bottom-hole pressure decline curve and a production decline curve. All data and var.ying condi­tions were considered in arriving at the information plotted on these curvF and it is believed that they re?resent average conditions for the unit area. After injection of gas, it is quite probable that both curves will assume new rAtes of decline. The intervals between the new curves and those that we would nonnally expect under nrima.ry producing methods ,_rill represent the benefits derived from the secondary recover.y project,

The following tabulation has been prepered from the production decline curve, and pro ides in readily usable fonn an est:ma t e of nonnally expected future production, based on primary recover,y methods, for wells of different potentials. HOwever, in using this tabulation, it is necessary that the "Present daily production" be construed as the settled average daily capacity of a well over a period of several ,.,,eeks rather than the flush potential as determined by a short test. ·

EsriMATED MURE PRODUCTION CHART FOR niDIVIIUAL WELLS Based on primary recover,y methods and

eco~ic limit of tr~ee barrels of oil daily.

Present daily Estimated Estimated future production Future life production

{Bbl.) ( Xr .-I"oio.) (Bbl.)

150 17 - 10 186,64) 125 17 - 4 162,55)

1~~ 16- 10 141,018 16 - 6 1)0,068

ad 16 - 1 116,414 7d 15 8 105,491 60 15 - 1 91,226

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121393

50 14 - 4 76,535 45 1) - 10 67,714 40 13 - 4 60,231 35 12- 11 54,300 30 12- 4 47,700 25 11 - 8 l•l. 008 t

20 10 - 10 J4,043 15 9- '+ 24,645 10 7 - 2 14,988 5 3 - 0 4,270

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