Demystifying Demystifying TobaccoTobacco

By: Kaylee, Isabella & KrystalBy: Kaylee, Isabella & Krystal

TopicsTopics All about tobacco Ingredients in Tobacco Tobacco Products Brand Types What is chewing tobacco Chewing Tobacco Effects Long and Short term effects of Tobacco The Body Recovering After Your The Body Recovering After Your

Last CigaretteLast Cigarette Second Hand Smoke Tobacco Use with Teens Smoke Free Ontario Act Youth Action AllianceYouth Action Alliance Product Placement Smoking Prevalence in CanadaSmoking Prevalence in Canada Statistics

What is Tobacco?What is Tobacco? Tobacco is an agricultural crop

that is used to make cigarettes. It is dried and processed, then either placed into cigarettes and processed, or manufactured for chewing tobacco.

Tobacco is very well known for stimulating your nervous system which targets complex biochemical and neurotransmitter disruptions.

Nicotine is the most addictive chemical in cigarettes which is why we become addicted immediately after consuming tobacco, this is what causes the habit of smoking.

Ingredients in TobaccoIngredients in TobaccoThere are over 4,000 chemicals in cigarettes. Some of which you mayrecognize are:

Acetic Acid vinegar Acetone nail polish remover Ammonia floor/toilet cleaner Arsenic rat poison Butane cigarette lighter fluid Cadmium rechargeable batteries Carbon Monoxide car exhaust fumes DDT/Deildrin insecticides Ethanol alcohol Napthalene mothballs

Tobacco ProductsTobacco Products The following are The following are others forms of others forms of tobacco that are tobacco that are available:available:

Cigarettes Cigarettes PipesPipes Cigars Cigars Chewing TobaccoChewing Tobacco

Cigarettes Cigarettes A small roll of finely A small roll of finely

cut tobacco for cut tobacco for smoking, enclosed smoking, enclosed in a wrapper of thin in a wrapper of thin paper paper

Approximately 5.5 Approximately 5.5 trillion cigarettes trillion cigarettes are produced are produced worldwide each yearworldwide each year

Brand TypesBrand TypesThere are thousands of brands of cigarettes,There are thousands of brands of cigarettes,which is why is it nearly impossible to resistwhich is why is it nearly impossible to resistthe temptation of this addictive habit. Thethe temptation of this addictive habit. Thefollowing are the most common brands:following are the most common brands:

KentKent MarlboroMarlboro CamelCamel

PipesPipes Tobacco used in Tobacco used in

pipes is carefully pipes is carefully treated and blended treated and blended to preserve the to preserve the flavour, unlike in flavour, unlike in other forms of other forms of tobaccotobacco

This is a smoking This is a smoking device made from device made from dense grained wooddense grained wood

CigarsCigars A compacted roll of A compacted roll of

dried and dried and fermented tobaccofermented tobacco

Cigar tobacco is Cigar tobacco is most commonly most commonly grown in Brazil, grown in Brazil, Cuba & Dominican Cuba & Dominican Republic Republic

Chewing TobaccoChewing Tobacco Smokeless tobacco, also

called spit tobacco, chewing tobacco, chew, chaw, dip and plug, comes in two forms:

Snuff is a fine grain tobacco that is manufactured in teabag like pouches that users "pinch" or "dip" between their lower lip and gum.

Chewing tobacco comes in shredded, twisted, or "bricked" tobacco leaves that users put between their cheek and gum.

Chewing Tobacco Facts…Chewing Tobacco Facts… As many as 20% of high school males and As many as 20% of high school males and

2% of females use smokeless tobacco, 2% of females use smokeless tobacco, according to the Center for Disease Control according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. These numbers are still and Prevention. These numbers are still rising in the US as well as Canada. rising in the US as well as Canada.

Of the 12 to 14 million American users, one Of the 12 to 14 million American users, one third are under the age of 21, and more than third are under the age of 21, and more than half of those developed the habit before they half of those developed the habit before they were 13. Peer pressure is just one of the were 13. Peer pressure is just one of the reasons for starting the habit. reasons for starting the habit.

Another cause of teens starting to use Another cause of teens starting to use chewing tobacco is the pressure of chewing chewing tobacco is the pressure of chewing tobacco and sports. Teens today are led to tobacco and sports. Teens today are led to believe that being a good baseball, or believe that being a good baseball, or hockey player is a result from the chewing hockey player is a result from the chewing tobacco, which they believe to have tobacco, which they believe to have enhanced their athletic performance. enhanced their athletic performance.

This however is false, there is no proof that This however is false, there is no proof that shows that chewing tobacco can enhance shows that chewing tobacco can enhance your athletic performance. On the contrary your athletic performance. On the contrary the short and long term effects of chewing the short and long term effects of chewing tobacco prove to ruin your performance.tobacco prove to ruin your performance.

Chewing Tobacco EffectsChewing Tobacco Effects Chewing tobacco increases your Chewing tobacco increases your

chance of getting oral cancer chance of getting oral cancer compared to other forms of cancers.compared to other forms of cancers.

Leukoplakia – when you hold Leukoplakia – when you hold tobacco in one place in your mouth, tobacco in one place in your mouth, your mouth becomes irritated by your mouth becomes irritated by the tobacco juice. This causes a the tobacco juice. This causes a white, leathery like patch to form. white, leathery like patch to form. They are also considered pre-They are also considered pre-cancerous.cancerous.

Gum and Tooth Disease – spit Gum and Tooth Disease – spit tobacco permanently discolours tobacco permanently discolours teeth, and causes halitosis (bad teeth, and causes halitosis (bad breath). It is in direct and repeated breath). It is in direct and repeated contact with the gums, which contact with the gums, which causes them to recede (teeth to fall causes them to recede (teeth to fall out.) Spit tobacco contains a lot of out.) Spit tobacco contains a lot of sugar and when mixed with the sugar and when mixed with the plaque on your teeth, forms acid plaque on your teeth, forms acid which eats away at tooth enamel which eats away at tooth enamel and results in cavities, and chronic and results in cavities, and chronic painful sores.painful sores.

Dangers of Tobacco Use…Dangers of Tobacco Use…Short Term EffectsShort Term Effects

Addiction to nicotine Addiction to nicotine Receding gums and permanent Receding gums and permanent

gum loss gum loss Sensitive teeth Sensitive teeth Tooth decay Tooth decay Sores, patches, and lumps in Sores, patches, and lumps in

mouth mouth Bad breath and bad taste in Bad breath and bad taste in

mouth mouth Excess saliva production, or Excess saliva production, or

drooling drooling Smelly hair and clothes Smelly hair and clothes Stains on clothingStains on clothing Yellow or brown stains on teeth Yellow or brown stains on teeth Increased likelihood of drug Increased likelihood of drug

use and risky behaviour use and risky behaviour Chronic cough Chronic cough

Dangers of Tobacco Use Dangers of Tobacco Use Short Term Effects Cont’d…Short Term Effects Cont’d…

New smokers can experience New smokers can experience coughing, dizziness and a dry, coughing, dizziness and a dry, irritated throat. As well as irritated throat. As well as nausea, weakness, abdominal nausea, weakness, abdominal cramps, headache, coughing cramps, headache, coughing or gagging. These effects or gagging. These effects occur because the user is occur because the user is developing a tolerance to developing a tolerance to nicotine.nicotine.

Physiological effects are the Physiological effects are the following: an increase in blood following: an increase in blood pressure and heart rate, and pressure and heart rate, and constriction of blood vessels constriction of blood vessels which will result in a lower which will result in a lower skin temperature in hands skin temperature in hands and feet.and feet.

Dangers of Tobacco Use Dangers of Tobacco Use Long Term EffectsLong Term Effects

Heart ProblemsHeart Problems hypertension (high blood hypertension (high blood

pressure)pressure) blocked blood vesselsblocked blood vessels heart attacksheart attacks weakened pumping of the heartweakened pumping of the heart narrow arteries result in an narrow arteries result in an

heart attack or deathheart attack or death recuced bloodflow to the brain recuced bloodflow to the brain

may cause strokesmay cause strokes

CancersCancers LungLung Upper respiratory tractUpper respiratory tract CervicalCervical LarynxLarynx mouth mouth ThroatThroat pancreas pancreas kidney kidney BladderBladder stomach cancer (mainly found stomach cancer (mainly found

in tobacco chewing usersin tobacco chewing users Normal Lung Cancerous

Lung

Dangers of Tobacco Use Dangers of Tobacco Use Long Term Effects Cont’d…Long Term Effects Cont’d…

Lung DiseaseLung Disease chronic bronchitischronic bronchitis changing the size and shape of the airways of changing the size and shape of the airways of

the lungsthe lungs enlarging the mucous glandsenlarging the mucous glands coughing and production of excess phlegmcoughing and production of excess phlegm EmphysemaEmphysema increase in the size of the air spaces which increase in the size of the air spaces which

increases susceptibility to infectionincreases susceptibility to infection

Other Health ProblemsOther Health Problems reproductive damage (abnormal sperm cells in reproductive damage (abnormal sperm cells in

men, menstrual disorders, early menopause, men, menstrual disorders, early menopause, and difficulty maintaining pregnancy in and difficulty maintaining pregnancy in women)women)

Smoking during a pregency can lead to Smoking during a pregency can lead to miscarriage, low birth weight, premature birth, miscarriage, low birth weight, premature birth, or Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)or Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Prematurely wrinkled skinPrematurely wrinkled skin Gum and tooth lossGum and tooth loss Lost or weakened sense of taste and smellLost or weakened sense of taste and smell Weakened immune systemWeakened immune system Stomach ulcersStomach ulcers Unwanted weight fluctuationUnwanted weight fluctuation

The Body Recovering After The Body Recovering After Your Last Cigarette..Your Last Cigarette..

20 Minutes After Last Cigarette 20 Minutes After Last Cigarette Blood Pressure drops to normal Blood Pressure drops to normal Pulse rate drops to normal ratePulse rate drops to normal rate Body Temperature of hands, feet increases Body Temperature of hands, feet increases

toto normalnormal

8 Hours8 Hours Carbon monoxide level in blood drops to Carbon monoxide level in blood drops to normalnormal Oxygen level in blood increases to normalOxygen level in blood increases to normal

24 Hours 24 Hours Chances of heart attack decreasesChances of heart attack decreases

48 Hours48 Hours Nerve endings start to regrowNerve endings start to regrow Ability to smell and taste is enhanced Ability to smell and taste is enhanced

72 Hours 72 Hours Bronchial tubes relax making breathing Bronchial tubes relax making breathing

easiereasier Lung capacity increasesLung capacity increases

The Body Recovering After The Body Recovering After YourYour

Last Cigarette Cont’d…Last Cigarette Cont’d… 2 weeks2 weeks Circulation improvesCirculation improves Walking becomes easierWalking becomes easier Lung function increases up to 30%Lung function increases up to 30%

1 – 9 months 1 – 9 months Coughing and congestion fatigue, shortness of breath decreases Coughing and congestion fatigue, shortness of breath decreases Body’s overall energy level increasesBody’s overall energy level increases Cilia regrow in lungs, increasing ability to handle mucus,lean lungs, reduce infection Cilia regrow in lungs, increasing ability to handle mucus,lean lungs, reduce infection

5 years5 years Lung cancer death rate for average smoker (one pack a day) decreases from 137 perLung cancer death rate for average smoker (one pack a day) decreases from 137 per 100100 000 people to 72 per 100 000000 people to 72 per 100 000

10 years 10 years Lung cancer death rate for average smoker drops to 12 deaths per 100 000 –almost Lung cancer death rate for average smoker drops to 12 deaths per 100 000 –almost

the the rate of nonsmokersrate of nonsmokers Precancerous cells are replacedPrecancerous cells are replaced Other Cancers – such as those of the mouth, larynx, esophagus, bladder, kidney andOther Cancers – such as those of the mouth, larynx, esophagus, bladder, kidney and pancreas- decreases (there are 30 chemicals in tobacco smoke that cause cancer)pancreas- decreases (there are 30 chemicals in tobacco smoke that cause cancer)

Second Hand Smoke…Second Hand Smoke… Second-hand smoke is made up of the Second-hand smoke is made up of the

smoke from the burning end of a smoke from the burning end of a cigarette or pipe, and the smoke that cigarette or pipe, and the smoke that is blown into the air by the person is blown into the air by the person smoking. smoking.

Second-hand smoke has over 4,000 Second-hand smoke has over 4,000 chemicalschemicals

Two thirds of the smoke from a Two thirds of the smoke from a cigarette is not inhaled by the smoker, cigarette is not inhaled by the smoker, but enters the air around the smoker.but enters the air around the smoker.

Second-hand smoke has at least twice Second-hand smoke has at least twice the amount of nicotine and tar as the the amount of nicotine and tar as the smoke inhaled by the smoker.smoke inhaled by the smoker.

It has five times the amount of carbon It has five times the amount of carbon monoxide, which is a gas that takes monoxide, which is a gas that takes the oxygen from the blood.the oxygen from the blood.

More than 300 non-smokers in More than 300 non-smokers in Canada die each year from lung Canada die each year from lung cancer caused by breathing someone cancer caused by breathing someone else's smoke.else's smoke.

VideoVideohttp://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/tobac-tahttp://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/tobac-tabac/res/media/camp/ghost-vid-spectrbac/res/media/camp/ghost-vid-spectre_e.htmle_e.html* Click the Hyperlink to view the video * Click the Hyperlink to view the video

on Second Hand Smoke * on Second Hand Smoke *

Tobacco Use in Teens…Tobacco Use in Teens… Each day, between 82,000 and Each day, between 82,000 and

99,000 young people around the 99,000 young people around the world start smoking.world start smoking.

Several reason why a teen would Several reason why a teen would start to smoke:start to smoke:

- "My friends smoke." - "My friends smoke." - “I just wanted to try it." - “I just wanted to try it." - "I thought it was cool." - "I thought it was cool." - "My parents smoke." - "My parents smoke." One of the major reasons teens One of the major reasons teens

begin to smoke is peer influence. begin to smoke is peer influence. More then 70% of teens say that More then 70% of teens say that having friends who smoke and/or having friends who smoke and/or peer pressure is the number one peer pressure is the number one reason for starting to smoke. As well reason for starting to smoke. As well as the media, it targets teens the as the media, it targets teens the most. Several ways that they target most. Several ways that they target teens is by:teens is by:

Cartoon character mascotsCartoon character mascots Promotional offersPromotional offers Shifting the blame on youth instead Shifting the blame on youth instead

of themselves (the media) of themselves (the media) Making tobacco look coolMaking tobacco look cool Showing tobacco use as an "adult" Showing tobacco use as an "adult"

activity (in movies, television, etc. )activity (in movies, television, etc. )

Smoke Free Ontario ActSmoke Free Ontario Act The Smoke Free Ontario Act The Smoke Free Ontario Act

came into effect on May 31, came into effect on May 31, 2006. 2006.

The act bans smoking in all The act bans smoking in all enclosed public places and enclosed public places and workplaces. This includes workplaces. This includes restaurants, bars, schools, restaurants, bars, schools, private clubs, sports arenas, private clubs, sports arenas, entertainment venues, work entertainment venues, work vehicles and offices. It also bans vehicles and offices. It also bans smoking on any outdoor patio smoking on any outdoor patio covered by a roof. covered by a roof.

Toughens laws and fines on Toughens laws and fines on tobacco sales to minors tobacco sales to minors

Restricts the display of tobacco Restricts the display of tobacco products in retail outlets, with a products in retail outlets, with a complete ban on powerwall ( the complete ban on powerwall ( the display of cigarette products display of cigarette products behind the convenience store behind the convenience store counter) displays of tobacco counter) displays of tobacco products by May 31, 2008.products by May 31, 2008.

Youth Action Alliance..Youth Action Alliance..What is a Youth Action Alliance?What is a Youth Action Alliance?

A A YAAYAA is a youth led initiative program funded by the is a youth led initiative program funded by the government of Ontario. As of May 31government of Ontario. As of May 31stst, 2006 all of Ontario went , 2006 all of Ontario went completely smoke free. With this came the youth helping youth completely smoke free. With this came the youth helping youth initiative. The initiative. The YAA’sYAA’s are groups of youth from the ages of 15-19 are groups of youth from the ages of 15-19 years old that plan anti- tobacco events for there community to years old that plan anti- tobacco events for there community to help their fellow youth to either quit smoking or not to start. help their fellow youth to either quit smoking or not to start.

Where can you find them?Where can you find them?

There are There are YAAYAA in every city in Ontario such as: in every city in Ontario such as:

Kitchener & Waterloo Kingston Ottawa Cambridge Brampton Branford Peel Niagra Falls Guelph Toronto Fergus Sudbury

Youth Action Alliance Youth Action Alliance Cont’d…Cont’d…

TOXIKTOXIK This is the This is the YAA YAA for the Kitchener – Waterloo area. They have planned for the Kitchener – Waterloo area. They have planned

events for the community such as:events for the community such as:

Smoke free movie nights Smoke free movie nights Middle school presentationsMiddle school presentations Sidewalk chalkingSidewalk chalking Poster blitz campaign Poster blitz campaign R.I.P Big Tobacco March R.I.P Big Tobacco March Breath Strong March Breath Strong March and they have more events in the works and they have more events in the works

How can you get involved with TOXIK?How can you get involved with TOXIK?

If you would like to volunteer your time or learn more about the If you would like to volunteer your time or learn more about the program, the Smoke Free Ontario Act, or tobacco you can contact program, the Smoke Free Ontario Act, or tobacco you can contact the Region of Waterloo Public Health Department. the Region of Waterloo Public Health Department.

Product PlacementProduct PlacementPower WallsPower Walls

If you’ve been in a corner store or gas If you’ve been in a corner store or gas station you have likely been greeted with a station you have likely been greeted with a wall of tobacco products with upwards of wall of tobacco products with upwards of 1,000-2,000 packages of cigarettes on 1,000-2,000 packages of cigarettes on display. display.

These retail displays are called power walls These retail displays are called power walls because they are such a powerful because they are such a powerful marketing tool. And they’re the tobacco marketing tool. And they’re the tobacco industry's last remaining retail direct to industry's last remaining retail direct to consumer form of advertising which acts consumer form of advertising which acts like a giant billboard to attract youth, like a giant billboard to attract youth, attract former smokers and encourage attract former smokers and encourage impulse buyers.impulse buyers.

In May of 2008 these power walls must be In May of 2008 these power walls must be taken down. This was not included in the taken down. This was not included in the Smoke Free Ontario Act in May of 2006. The Smoke Free Ontario Act in May of 2006. The two-year delay in the ban on power walls two-year delay in the ban on power walls gives the tobacco industry more time to gives the tobacco industry more time to attract young people to take up smoking – a attract young people to take up smoking – a habit we all know is easy to start, very habit we all know is easy to start, very difficult to quit and which kills one of every difficult to quit and which kills one of every two long-term users.two long-term users.

Power Placement Cont’d…Power Placement Cont’d…MoviesMovies In 2002, 2004, 2005, and again in 2006, In 2002, 2004, 2005, and again in 2006,

the US Centers for Disease Control and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention named tobacco in the Prevention named tobacco in the movies a major factor in teen smoking. movies a major factor in teen smoking. The research explains why:The research explains why:

Nonsmoking teens whose favorite stars Nonsmoking teens whose favorite stars frequently smoke on screen are sixteen frequently smoke on screen are sixteen times more likely to have positive times more likely to have positive attitudes about smoking in the future. attitudes about smoking in the future.

Smoking in movies is the most powerful Smoking in movies is the most powerful pro-tobacco influence on kids today, pro-tobacco influence on kids today, accounting for 52% of adolescents who accounting for 52% of adolescents who start smoking, an effect even stronger start smoking, an effect even stronger than cigarette advertising. than cigarette advertising.

More important, exposure to smoking in More important, exposure to smoking in the movies quadrupled the chance that the movies quadrupled the chance that nonsmokers’ kids would start.nonsmokers’ kids would start.

Product Placement Cont’d..Product Placement Cont’d..MoviesMovies

Big Tobacco marketing experts Big Tobacco marketing experts and independent researchers and independent researchers agree. Movie stories with agree. Movie stories with charismatic actors are a charismatic actors are a powerful way to attract new powerful way to attract new smokers and keep current smokers and keep current smokers. smokers.

That's why TV advertising of That's why TV advertising of tobacco brands was banned in tobacco brands was banned in 1970. Tobacco companies 1970. Tobacco companies turned to Hollywood to place turned to Hollywood to place their brands on screen without their brands on screen without the audience knowing. Today, the audience knowing. Today, movies that show a tobacco movies that show a tobacco brand are also more likely to brand are also more likely to include smoking in their TV ads, include smoking in their TV ads, undercutting the 1970 ban.undercutting the 1970 ban.

Product Placement Cont’dProduct Placement Cont’dMoviesMovies

From 1990 to 2005, at least 148 U.S. motion pictures have displayed From 1990 to 2005, at least 148 U.S. motion pictures have displayed tobacco brands. Altogether, these brands often in the hands of stars have tobacco brands. Altogether, these brands often in the hands of stars have been seen at least 1.8 billion times in theaters and at least twice that often been seen at least 1.8 billion times in theaters and at least twice that often on video. Seventy-five percent of the time, the brands belonged to Philip on video. Seventy-five percent of the time, the brands belonged to Philip Morris. Seven out of ten times, the brand on display was Marlboro.Morris. Seven out of ten times, the brand on display was Marlboro.

Smoking Prevalence in Canada Smoking Prevalence in Canada 1993-20031993-2003

Aged 15 and older Aged 15 and older decreased from 23 per cent in decreased from 23 per cent in 1999 to 20 per cent in 2003.1999 to 20 per cent in 2003.

Aged 15-19 Aged 15-19 peaked in the mid- to late-90’s peaked in the mid- to late-90’s with a high of 28 per cent. with a high of 28 per cent. Within the past five years, Within the past five years, decreased 25 per cent in 1999 decreased 25 per cent in 1999 to 14 per cent in 2003.to 14 per cent in 2003.

Aged 20-24 Aged 20-24 higher among young adults higher among young adults aged 20 to 24 years than any aged 20 to 24 years than any other age group. In 1999, 34 other age group. In 1999, 34 per cent and in 2003, 30 per per cent and in 2003, 30 per cent.cent.

Smoking prevalence by age group for 1999 to 2003Age 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

15+ 23% 23% 20% 20% 20%

15-19 25% 25% 19% 19% 14%

20-24 34% 28% 31% 29% 30%

StatisticsStatistics A person dies every 10 seconds from tobacco-related causesA person dies every 10 seconds from tobacco-related causes

The average smoker begins by age 15, and is a daily smoker by age 18The average smoker begins by age 15, and is a daily smoker by age 18

34% of middle school students have tried cigarettes, and 11% have smoked at least 34% of middle school students have tried cigarettes, and 11% have smoked at least one cigarette in the past month.one cigarette in the past month.

56% of the current middle school smokers have tried to quit in the past year. 56% of the current middle school smokers have tried to quit in the past year.

63% of high school students have tried cigarettes sometime in their life, and 26% 63% of high school students have tried cigarettes sometime in their life, and 26% have smoked a cigarette in the past month. have smoked a cigarette in the past month.

61% of high school smokers have tried to quit in the past year. 61% of high school smokers have tried to quit in the past year.

Almost 20 per cent of Canadian teens (aged 12-19) currently smoke (daily or Almost 20 per cent of Canadian teens (aged 12-19) currently smoke (daily or occasionally). occasionally).

Tobacco costs the global economy $200 billion (US) each year.Tobacco costs the global economy $200 billion (US) each year.

If you smoke a pack of cigarettes a day, that costs $10 a day, $70 a week and If you smoke a pack of cigarettes a day, that costs $10 a day, $70 a week and about $3,650 a yearabout $3,650 a year

FactsFacts

This graph illustrates Canadian Tobacco Use in 2006, for those who have even been a smoker.

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