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Demonstrating Ethanol’s Value Octane Value & Performance Blending Issues Today Pathway Forward. Steve Vander Griend. ICM Inc. 1. Ultimate Goal. Identify testing that shows accurate emission profiles and performance Address the concerns of both Automotive and Health studies - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Demonstrating Ethanol’s ValueOctane Value & Performance
Blending Issues TodayPathway Forward
Steve Vander GriendICM Inc.
1
Ultimate Goal
1. Identify testing that shows accurate emission
profiles and performance
2. Address the concerns of both Automotive and
Health studies
3. Help the consumer understand the benefits of
ethanol
4. Make a better fuel for America
2
ICM Data & Background Research
• 2013-01-1635: An Overview of the Effects of Ethanol-Gasoline Blends on SI Engine Performance, Fuel Efficiency, and Emissions
• 2013-01-1124: Fuel Composition Effects On Particulate Emissions in Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engines
3
Introduction to Ethanol Ethanol as a Fuel Octane is predictable Vapor Pressure is predictable Cooling Effect is 4X gasoline Distillation changes to gasoline is predictable Good Hydrogen/Carbon Ratio and Mole fraction Bio-Degradable with very low toxicity Positive Carbon Balance Value
4
Octane, Does It Matter?
Octane Performance over measured Octane
Measured Octane (Blending Value)
E0 to E30 = +14 OctaneE30 to E98 = +7 Octane
5
How to Improve Efficiency
6
SAE 2012-01-1277 Effects of Heat of Vaporization, Chemical Octane, and Sensitivity on Knock Levels for Ethanol-Gasoline Blends
Increased Efficiency is achieved by increasing the working pressure of each combustion event:
Octane allows the increase of overall efficiency increase.
Sensitivity allow a wider range of overall efficiency when optimized (horizontal)
8
Controlling Reid Vapor Pressure in and out of Reformulated Gasoline Areas
Lowering RVP-Lowers Evaporative Emissions
-Increases Cold Start Emissions
-Increases PM/PN Emissions• Reduces Fuel Mixing• Higher Distillate Aromatics Found
in Gasoline
Today• Reduced Emissions• Best Efficiency
4
Looking for a Pathway that Raises The Value For Ethanol
10
Questions- ?
Steve Vander GriendICM Inc.,[email protected]
ICM’s Testing In Detroit/ EPA Approved Facility
12
Gasoline
Optical Picture During Cold Start
E85
Average of 3 Vehicles