Democratic Reform Democratic Reform and Activismand Activism

British ReformsBritish Reforms

Early 1800s only 5% Early 1800s only 5% could vote (rich)could vote (rich)

Suffrage movement Suffrage movement began with middle began with middle class menclass men

Reform Bill of 1832 Reform Bill of 1832 made voting available made voting available to middle class men-to middle class men-response to French response to French violence & violence & revolutionariesrevolutionaries

The Chartist MovementThe Chartist Movement

Popular Movement Popular Movement among workers who among workers who were not given the were not given the votevote

Based on the Based on the People’s CharterPeople’s Charter

Suffrage for all menSuffrage for all men Secret ballotSecret ballot All British men had All British men had

vote by 1884vote by 1884

Women’s SuffrageWomen’s Suffrage

Movement for women Movement for women to be given right to voteto be given right to vote

Peaceful efforts gave Peaceful efforts gave way to militantway to militant

New Zealand (1893) New Zealand (1893) and Australia (1902) and Australia (1902) first countriesfirst countries

Wyoming 1869Wyoming 1869 U.S. and Britain—not U.S. and Britain—not

until post-WWIuntil post-WWI

French IssuesFrench Issues 1871-1914 averaged almost 1 change of 1871-1914 averaged almost 1 change of

government per yeargovernment per year The Third Republic—lasted nearly 60 The Third Republic—lasted nearly 60

years, but very unstable & France years, but very unstable & France remained dividedremained divided

1880s & 90s, republic threatened by 1880s & 90s, republic threatened by monarchists, aristocrats, clergy, & armymonarchists, aristocrats, clergy, & army

Anti-semitism played role in instablility—Anti-semitism played role in instablility—Dreyfus affair was battleground for thisDreyfus affair was battleground for this

Zionist MovementZionist Movement

Jewish people facing Jewish people facing discrimination (anti-discrimination (anti-Semitism) in Europe Semitism) in Europe sought safe homessought safe homes

Zionist movement to Zionist movement to establish Israel as establish Israel as Jewish homeland in Jewish homeland in PalestinePalestine

Based on historic Based on historic beliefs of homelandbeliefs of homeland

Theodor Herzl ledTheodor Herzl led

Activist MovementsActivist Movements