DEMOCRACY VS. COMMUNISM

UNITED STATES VS. SOVIET UNION

CONTAIN COMMUNISM TRUMAN DOCTRINE: $400m to help

Greece and Turkey- help people resist communism

MARSHALL PLAN aka

EUROPEAN RECOVERY PROGRAM (ERP) Stop the spread of Communism July 1947 and operated for 4 years 13 billion $$$ to rebuild Europe after WWII Offered to S.U. but rejected because they had to

make political reforms and accept outside controls

CONTAIN COMMUNISM CONT. WWII ENDS- Sept 1945

COLD WAR- 1945-1991 DEMOCRACY (U.S) VS. COMMUNISM (U.S.S.R)

TRUMAN DOCTRINE- MARCH 1947-1950 $400 MILLION TO GREECE AND TURKEY “…it must be the policy of the United States to

support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.”

MARSHALL PLAN- JUNE 1947-1951 “…not against any country or doctrine but against

hunger, poverty, desperation and chaos.”

CONTAIN COMMUNISM N.A.T.O.: North Atlantic Treaty Organization,

defensive military alliance between W. European nations, U.S. and Canada. 1st time in history the U.S. entered into a military alliance during peacetime.

WARSAW PACT: alliance between communist countries in E. Europe.

CONTAINMENT: STOP the spread of communism.

Iron Curtain: term created by Churchill: invisible wall that separated E (communism) and W (democracy) Europe

BERLIN AIRLIFTJune 1948 – May 1949 first major international crises of the COLD WAR. Stalin blockades access to W. Berlin. 327 days, 277,000 flights, 2.3 million tons of supplies airlifted to West Berlin. May 1949 Stalin lifted blockade and Democracy is maintained

CHINA

MAO ZEDONG•$$$$ FROM U.S.S.R•COMMUNIST•PROMISED LAND TO PEASANTS•IMPLEMENTED LITERACY & FOOD PROGRAMS•STRONG MILITARY EXPERIENCE •EXPERIENCED AND STRONG LEADERSHIP

CHIANG KAI-SHEK•$$$$ FROM U.S. •NATIONALIST•HIGH INFLATION•FAILING ECONOMY•WEAK LEADERSHIP•POOR MORAL•EXTREMELY CORRUPT GOVERNMENT

KOREAN WAR: JUNE 1950-JULY 1953 Korea was controlled by Japan from 1910 to 1945

End of WWII: Japanese troops north of 38th parallel surrendered to SU troops:

SU took control of NORTH Japanese troops south of the 38th parallel surrendered to US

troops: US took control of SOUTH At the end of WWII, US withdrew most troops and the SU

concluded that the US would not defend the territory. June 25, 1950 North Korean forces attacked South

Korea; the conflict that followed became known as the Korean War.

The U.N. agreed to help: 16 nations sent 520,000 troops to aid S. Korea and troops were led by General Douglas MacArthur

KOREA IS A PENISULA OFF OF CHINA 38TH PARALLEL- LINE THAT

DIVIDES COMMUNIST NORTH KOREAFROM DEMOCRATIC SOUTH KOREA

McCarthyism•Most famous anti-communist activist•“Communist Witch-hunt”•Ineffective legislator needed issue to win re-election•Attacked and accused people without evidence• McCarthy claims Communists in State Department and U.S. Army: resulted in nationally televised investigation•Joseph McCarthy was seen as bully and was alienated by senate and public

Cuba: REVOLUTION 1956-1959

Guerilla movement

Fidel Castro leader US recognizes

new government Conflicts with US

led Castro to rely

On USSR for

support

BAY OF PIGS:CIA trained Cuban exiles to invade Cuba. April 1961 1300 to 1500 Cuban exiles tried to invade Cuba to overthrow government. US paid Castro $53 million in food and medical supplies for release of hostages

The Cuban Missile Crisis 1962SOVIETS set up missiles in CubaAimed at U.S. US responded by setting up missiles in Turkey aimed at SU. Both nations removed missiles: CLOSEST THE U.S. AND U.S.S.R CAME TO ACTUAL WAR

KHRUSHCHEV VS. KENNEDY

VIETNAM WAR

North: Communist North and Viet Cong South: US and Democracy GOAL: STOP THE SPREAD OF COMMUNISM IN

SOUTHEAST ASIA 1968: TET OFFENSIVE led by North Viet Cong’s largest and most damaging campaign of

the war Encouraged Anti-War protests throughout the

United States COLLEGE CAMPUSES PUSH TO END DRAFT DEMANDED THE REMOVAL ALL AMERICAN TROOPS

FROM VIETNAM