Democracy Deferred:Rose, Anthony, Truth

“Whatever he admires in woman will she possess”

Ernestine P. Rose

• 1810-1892• Polish born• Major suffragist

intellectual• Atheist

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Democracy & Suffrage• “Carry out the republican principle of universal suffrage, or

strike it from your banners and substitute "Freedom and Power to one half of society, and submission and slavery to the other." Give woman the elective franchise. Let married women have the same right to property that their husbands have; for whatever the difference in their respective occupations, the duties of the wife are as indispensable and far more arduous than the husband's.”– While men work before and after marriage, childrearing and

housekeeping fall on the woman, meaning that the husband’s life improves at the same time that the wife’s deteriorates

– Thus unjust to have laws of marriage, property, divorce and child custody all favor the already privileged husband

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• “Man forgets that woman cannot be degraded without its re-acting on himself. The impress of her mind is stamped on him by nature, and the early education of the mother which no after-training can entirely efface; and therefore, the estimation she is held in falls back with double force upon him. Yet, from the force of prejudice against her, he knows it not. – Not long ago, I saw an account of two offenders, brought

before a Justice of New York. One was charged with stealing a pair of boots, for which offense he was sentenced to six months' imprisonment; the other crime was assault and battery upon his wife: he was let off with a reprimand from the judge!”

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Equality & Difference• “Away, then, with that folly and absurdity, that a possession of her rights

would be detrimental to her character; that if she is recognized as the equal to man, she would cease to be woman. Have his rights as citizen of a republic, the elective franchise with all its advantages, so changed man's nature that he has ceased to be man? Oh, no! – But woman could not bear such a degree of power; what has benefited him,

would injure her; what has strengthened him, would weaken her; what has prompted him to the performance of his duties, would her neglect hers!”

• “Yes, in addition to the principle of right, this is one of the reasons, drawn from expediency, why woman should participate in all the important duties of life; for, with all due respect to the other sex, she is the true civilizer of man. With all my heart do I pity the man who has grown up and lives without the benign influence of woman. Even now, in spite of being considered the inferior, she exerts a most beneficial influence on man.”

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Self & Relationships of Power

• “No! there is no reason against woman's elevation, but there are deep-rooted, hoary-headed prejudices. The main cause of them is, a pernicious falsehood propagated against her being, namely, that she is inferior by her nature. Inferior in what? What has man ever done, that woman, under the same advantages, could not do?”– “And do you know why these irrationalities are practised?

Because man wishes them to be delicate; for whatever he admires in woman will she possess. That is the influence man has over woman, for she has been made to believe that she was created for his benefit only.”

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Self & Relationships of Power• “Do you not yet understand what has made woman

what she is? Then see what the sickly taste and perverted judgment of man now admires in woman. – Not physical and mental vigor, but a pale, delicate face;

hands too small to grasp a broom, for that were treason in a lady; a voice so sentimental and depressed, that what she says can be learned only by the moving of her half parted lips; and above all, that nervous sensibility which sees a ghost in every passing shadow,

• that beautiful diffidence which dares not take a step without the protecting arm of man to support her tender frame, and that shrinking mock-modesty that faints at the mention of a leg of a table.”

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Self & Relationships of Power• “I know there are many noble exceptions, who

see and deplore these irrationalities; but as a general thing, the facts are as I state, or else why that hue and cry of "mannish," "unfeminine," "out of her sphere," etc., whenever woman evinces any strength of body or mind, and takes interest in anything deserving of a rational being? – Oh! the crying injustice towards woman. She is

crushed at every step, and then insulted for being what a most pernicious education and corrupt public sentiment have made her. But there is no confidence in her powers, nor principles.”

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Shared Degradation• “It is from ignorance, not malice, that man acts towards woman as

he does. In ignorance of her nature, and the interest and happiness of both sexes, he conceived ideas, laid down rules, and enacted laws concerning her destiny and rights. – The same ignorance, strengthened by age, sanctified by superstition,

ingrafted into his being by habit, makes him carry these convictions out to the detriment of his own as well as her happiness; for is he not the loser by his injustice?

• Oh! how severely he suffers. Who can fathom the depth of misery and suffering to society from the subjugation and injury inflicted on woman? The race is elevated excellence and power or kept back in progression, in accordance with the scale of woman's position in society. But so firmly has prejudice closed the eyes of man to the light of truth, that though he feels the evils, he knows not their cause.”

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• “Man may remove her legal shackles, and recognize her as his equal, which will greatly aid in her elevation; but the law cannot compel her to cultivate her mind and take an independent stand as a free being. – She must cast off that mountain weight, that intimidating cowardly

question, which like a nightmare presses down all her energies, namely, "What will people say? what will Mrs. Grundy say?" Away with such slavish fears! Woman must think for herself, and use for herself that greatest of all prerogatives -- judgment of right and wrong. And next she must act according to her best convictions, irrespective of any other voice than that or right and duty.

• The time, I trust, will come, though slowly, yet surely, when woman will occupy that high and lofty position, for which nature has so eminently fitted her, in the destinies of humanity.”– Transcendentalist legacy

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Susan B. Anthony• 1820-1906• Major Activist for women’s suffrage &

temperance• Conflicted with friend Frederick Douglass over

15th Amendment• Nov. 18, 1872: Arrested in NY by US Marshal for

voting in presidential election– Judge

• Refused to allow Anthony to testify on her own behalf • Allowed statements given by her at the time of her

arrest to be allowed as testimony • Directly ordered the jury to return a guilty verdict• Read an opinion he had written before trial started.

The sentence was a $100 fine• "I shall never pay a dollar of your unjust penalty": she

never paid the fine for the rest of her life• US Gov't took no collection action against her.

– Trial allowed her increased visibility, increased status

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• “The preamble of the Federal Constitution says:– ‘We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect

union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.’

• It was we, the people; not we, the white male citizens; nor yet we, the male citizens; but we, the whole people, who formed the Union. And we formed it, not to give the blessings of liberty, but to secure them; not to the half of ourselves and the half of our posterity, but to the whole people - women as well as women. – And it is a downright bad to talk to women of their enjoyment of the

blessings of liberty while they are denied the use of the only means of securing them provided by this democratic-republican government - the ballot.”

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• “For any state to make sex a qualification that must ever result in the disfranchisement of one entire half of the people, is to pass a bill of attainder, or, an ex post facto law, and is therefore a violation of the supreme law of the land. By it the blessings of liberty are forever withheld from women and their female posterity.– To them this government has no just powers

derived from the consent of the governed.”

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• “To them this government is not a democracy. It is not a republic. – It is an odious aristocracy; a hateful oligarchy of sex; the most

hateful aristocracy ever established on the face of the globe; an oligarchy of wealth, where the rich govern the poor.

• An oligarchy of learning, where the educated govern the ignorant, or even an oligarchy of race, where the Saxon rules the African, might be endured; but this oligarchy of sex, which makes father, brothers, husband, sons, the oligarchs over the mother and sisters, the wife and daughters, of every household - which ordains all men sovereigns, all women subjects, carries dissension, discord, and rebellion into every home of the nation.”

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• “The only question left to be settled now is: Are women persons? And I hardly believe any of our opponents will have the hardihood to say they are not. – Being persons, then, women are citizens; and no state

has a right to make any law, or to enforce any old law, that shall abridge their privileges or immunities.

• Hence, every discrimination against women in the constitutions and laws of the several states is today null and void, precisely as is every one against Negroes.”

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Sojourner Truth• 1797-1183• Abolition & suffrage• Devout Christian• Born into slavery in NY as ‘Isabella

Baumfree”, changed name in 1843– “The truth calls me”

• Escaped w/infant daughter in 1826– Sued to recover son, was first to be

successful (had been sold illegally)• Born in NY, spoke only Dutch until 9 yrs

old– No Southern accent!

• Recruited black soldiers for Union army, unsuccessfully sought promised land grants for freed slaves

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“Ain’t I a Woman?”

Robinson (recorded 1851)• Crowd calm, receptive• “I want to say a few words

about this matter. I am a woman's rights.”

Gage (recalled 1863)• Crowd raucous, hostile• “Wall, chilern, whar dar is

so much racket dar must be somethin' out o' kilter. I tink dat 'twixt de niggers of de Souf and de womin at de Norf, all talkin' 'bout rights, de white men will be in a fix pretty soon. But what's all dis here talkin' 'bout?”

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• “I have as much muscle as any man, and can do as much work as any man. I have plowed and reaped and husked and chopped and mowed, and can any man do more than that? I have heard much about the sexes being equal. I can carry as much as any man, and can eat as much too, if I can get it. I am as strong as any man that is now.”

• “Dat man ober dar say dat womin needs to be helped into carriages, and lifted ober ditches, and to hab de best place everywhar. Nobody eber helps me into carriages, or ober mud-puddles, or gibs me any best place!" And raising herself to her full height, and her voice to a pitch like rolling thunder, she asked. 'And ain't I a woman? Look at me! Look at my arm!” – (and she bared her right arm to

the shoulder, showing her tremendous muscular power)

• I have ploughed, and planted, and gathered into barns, and no man could head me! “

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• “And ain't I a woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a man – when I could get it – and bear de lash as well! And ain't I a woman? I have borne thirteen chilern, and seen 'em mos' all sold off to slavery, and when I cried out with my mother's grief, none but Jesus heard me! And ain't I a woman?”

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• “As for intellect, all I can say is, if a woman have a pint, and a man a quart – why can't she have her little pint full? You need not be afraid to give us our rights for fear we will take too much, – for we can't take more than our pint'll hold. The poor men seems to be all in confusion, and don't know what to do. Why children, if you have woman's rights, give it to her and you will feel better. You will have your own rights, and they won't be so much trouble.”

• “Den dey talks 'bout dis ting in de head; what dis dey call it?" ("Intellect," whispered someone near.) "Dat's it, honey. What's dat got to do wid womin's rights or nigger's rights? If my cup won't hold but a pint, and yourn holds a quart, wouldn't ye be mean not to let me have my little half-measure full?”– And she pointed her significant

finger, and sent a keen glance at the minister who had made the argument. The cheering was long and loud.

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• “I can't read, but I can hear. I have heard the bible and have learned that Eve caused man to sin. Well, if woman upset the world, do give her a chance to set it right side up again. The Lady has spoken about Jesus, how he never spurned woman from him, and she was right. – When Lazarus died, Mary and

Martha came to him with faith and love and besought him to raise their brother. And Jesus wept and Lazarus came forth.

• And how came Jesus into the world? Through God who created him and the woman who bore him. Man, where was your part?”

• Den dat little man in back dar, he say women can't have as much rights as men, 'cause Christ wan't a woman! Whar did your Christ come from?"

• “Whar did your Christ come from? From God and a woman! Man had nothin' to do wid Him."– Oh, what a rebuke that was to that

little man. Turning again to another objector, she took up the defense of Mother Eve. I can not follow her through it all. It was pointed, and witty, and solemn; eliciting at almost every sentence deafening applause

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• “But the women are coming up blessed be God and a few of the men are coming up with them. But man is in a tight place, the poor slave is on him, woman is coming on him, he is surely between a hawk and a buzzard.”

• “If de fust woman God ever made was strong enough to turn de world upside down all alone, dese women togedder (and she glanced her eye over the platform) ought to be able to turn it back, and get it right side up again! And now dey is asking to do it, de men better let 'em.”

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